• 초등상담연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.19-38
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• 2011

본 연구는 초등학생의 학업스트레스를 감소시키고 학업스트레스에 보다 효율적으로 대처할 수 있는 능력을 키우기 위한 인지행동적 학업스트레스 대처 프로그램을 개발하여 그 효과를 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 경상남도 소재 Y초등학교 24명의 아동을 각각 훈련집단과 통제집단에 12명씩 임의 배정하여, 매회 40분씩 주 2회, 6주간에 걸쳐 총 12회기로 구성된 프로그램을 실시하였으며 프로그램 실시 전후와 종료 4주 후에 학업스트레스 질문지와 학업스트레스 대처방식 질문지를 실시하여 프로그램의 효과를 평가하였다. 본 연구에서 사용한 프로그램은 먼저 학업스트레스 유발상황 조사지를 제작하여 초등학생들이 흔히 경험하는 학업과 관련된 스트레스상황을 조사하고, 그러한 상황에서 아동들이 경험하는 스트레스를 인식하도록 도와주어 학업스트레스 유발상황에서 나타나는 인지적 왜곡을 수정하여 학업스트레스에 적절하게 대처하는 방법에 초점을 두고 구성하였다. 또한 국가 청소년 위원회에서 위기청소년을 위해 개발한 인지행동 집단상담 프로그램과 학업스트레스를 조절하는데 사용된 기존의 프로그램들을 초등학생에게 적용 가능한 형태로 수정하였다. 본 연구의 결과 인지행동적 학업스트레스 대처훈련은 첫째, 아동들이 학업스트레스 유발상황에서 경험하는 성적, 수업과 공부 및 과제관련 스트레스를 감소시키고 그 효과를 지속시키는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 학업스트레스에 대한 대처방식을 유의미하게 변화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 대처방식 중 소극적-회피적 대처와 도움추구적 대처는 유의미하게 변화시키는 것으로 나타났으나 적극적 대처에 미치는 효과는 다소 제한적인 것으로 나타났다.

• 초등상담연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.77-94
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• 2011

이 연구의 목적은 "논어"에 담겨있는 '마음' 관련 내용을 추출하여 '마음의 본질'을 생각해보고 '마음의 성장과 관련된 상담 요소'를 찾아내어 초등학생용 논어상담프로그램을 개발하는데 있다. 먼저 "논어" 속 공자의 마음교육에 근간이 되는 구절 및 "논어"와 관련된 기존 연구물을 통해 "논어"에 함의된 상담 목표, 상담 원리, 상담자의 역할, 마음의 정체와 특성, 마음의 발달단계를 알아보았다. 이를 통해 초등학생의 논어상담프로그램의 상담 요소와 효과적인 방법을 선정하고 총 10회기의 프로그램을 개발하였다. 프로그램의 효과검증을 위해 음성군의 ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$초등학교 고학년 아동 중 20명과 ${\triangle}{\triangle}$초등학교 20명을 각 실험집단과 통제집단으로 배치하여 실험집단의 아동에게 5주간 프로그램을 실시하였다. 연구도구는 Coopersmith(1967)의 아동용 자아존중감 검사를 재작성하여 사용한 공태수(1998)의 자아존중감 검사지와 Furman과 Bierman(1983)의 교우관계 연구에서 제작한 척도를 조성례(2001)가 재작성한 교우관계 검사지를 사용하였다. 연구결과, 논어상담프로그램에 참여한 실험집단의 아동은 자아존중감과 교우관계에 있어 통제집단과 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구는 "논어"에 담긴 마음 성장 관련 내용을 토대로 논어 상담이라는 새로운 상담학적 연구를 이루었다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.377-398
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• 1993

A survey of infant practices was conducted to provide information on which to base planned nursing interventions. The subjects were a convenience sample of 168 mothers visiting out - patients departments of five general hospitals and one public health center in Seoul for immunizations or treatment for common colds for their infants from two to 12 months of age. Data collection was carried out from July 8th to September 30th, 1991 using a questionnaire of 84 questions, 31 on the type of feeding, 22 on supplementary feeding and 21 on demographic infer mation. The results are summarized as follows : 1) The type of feeding was primarily artificial feed-ing (63.1%), followed by mixed feeding (22%) and breast feeding (14.9%) of the 59 mothers expecting during pregnancy to breast feed, 54. 2% changed artificial feeding and 30.5% went on to breast feed as they had expected. For mothers expecting to continue breast feeding over seven months. only one infant was being breast fed for over seven months. 2) For the 106 mothers using artificial feeding, 70. 8% hed attempted breast feeding, 64% of them for less than a month. Breast milk had been suppressed by for medication (38.7%) : 34.9% had used no specia] means. 3) The major reasons for replacing breast feeding with artificial feeding were the infants' demand for more milk (47.2% ) and insufficient supply of breast milk (49.3％). 4) Most mixed feeding was started at the age of one to three months (59.5%). Only 34.4% gave an artificial feeding after breast feeding : most (46%) alternated breast feeding with artificial feeding. On the whole, the motive for mixed feeding was the lack of breast milk (70.3%). 5) Many mothers (81.8%) were adding vitamin or mineral supplements to artificial milk and 51.5% were adding something to faciliate digestion. As for the method of sterilizing milk bottles and nipples, 56% had sterilized them together in boiling water from the beginning : 27% were just washing the bottles after boiling only once initially when measuring artificial milk powder, 31. 5% of the mothers over filled the measuring spoon rather than to the level. 6) The mother's occupation was related to her way of feeding. Mothers at home full time did more breast feeding than mothers employed outside the home. (x²=5.72, p=〈0.05). 7) Most mothers began supplementary food, from three to four months (48.8%) : 11.2% began later than seven months. Supplementary food was given between milk feedings by 67.2% of the mothers : 19.2% gave it before a milk feeding. Some mothers(26.4%) made their own supplementary food : 19.2% used ready - made supplementary food products for convenience. Recommendations for nursing interventions included : 1. Prenatal education about the advantages of breast feeding and breast care, and home visits after delivery for counselling related to breast feeding. Correct preparation of artificial feeding methods need to be taught in both pre & postnatal periods. In addition, specific education about supplementary feeding needed. 2. Further research is indicated about the Perceived lack of supply of breast milk and about the effectiveness of nursing interventions to Promote breast feeding.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.21-34
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• 2001

The impact of childhood experience has lifelong significance on subsequent health and development. Especially, the experience of infant is mostly affected by the quality of parental care and rearing environment. But the new mothers usually do not know what to do because of the lack of experience in these days. Therefore, an educational program regarding maternal role would be necessary. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the maternal role education program for mother-infant interaction, child-rearing environment, and infant development. Non-equivalent control group time-series design was used, and Barnard's mother-infant interaction model was used as a conceptual framework of this study. The subjects were the healthy infants weighing over 2,500gm at birth, whose gestational age was more than 37 weeks, and their mothers. The final sample consisted of 19 mother-infant dyads for intervention group and 18 dyads for control group. Data were collected from March 15th to September 3rd in 1999. For the intervention group, programmed education which focused on mother-infant interaction, breast feeding, and infant care was provided before discharge. Telephone counselling was provided within one week after discharge. Home visiting for maternal role education was provided twice, one month and three months postpartum. For the control group, home visiting was also conducted but only for data collection. The data were analyzed using chi-square test and t-test to test the equivalence of two groups, and the effectiveness of intervention program was determined with repeated measure ANCOVA and t-test. The results were as follows: 1. Significant differences were found in mother-infant interaction between two groups(p=.000). It indicates that intervention program was effective in improving mother- infant interaction. In subscale analysis, four out of six subscale showed significant differences between the groups: sensitivity to cues (p=.000), social-emotional growth fostering (p=.000), cognitive growth fostering(p=.000) in mothers, and responsiveness to caregiver (p=.019) in infants. 2. The difference in the mean score of childrearing environment (HOME) between the intervention group and control group was significant(p=.003). When each subscale of HOME was examined individually, intervention group showed significantly higher scores in the diversity of stimulation(p=.000), and mother's involvement(p=.001). 3. Three-month-Infants of the intervention group showed higher GQ in the Griffiths mental development scale(p=.026). In subscale analysis, significant differences were found in the personal-social(p=.005), and the hearing and speech(p=.003). In conclusion, the maternal role education program proved to be effective in promoting the mother-infant interaction, organizing the childrearing environment, and fostering the infant development. These results are very meaningful that we found maternal role education necessary for normal infants' mothers, and that nurses can make a great contribution in promoting health of infants and mothers.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.96-107
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• 2001

Recent research indicates that the new mothers want to learn about childrearing, and have burden in care of infants. Also it indicates that the new mothers say the lack of confidence and knowledge about infant care. This study was a prospective longitudinal reseach developing parent role education program and evaluating the effectiveness of this program for mother-infant interaction, childrearing environment and infant development. Longitudinal quasi-experimental design was used. The subjects were the healthy infants weighing over 2,500gm at birth, whose gestational age was more than 37weeks, and their mothers. The sample consisted of 19 mother-infant dyads for intervention group and 18 dyads for control group. Data were collected from March 15th to December 14th in 1999. For the intervention group received programmed education that was consisted of discharge education, telephone counselling, and home visiting for maternal education. The data were analyzed using chi-square test and t-test to test the equivalence of two groups, and the effectiveness of intervention program. This study was focused on the results of six months time point. The results were as follows: 1. There was significant difference in the mean score of mother-infant interaction(NCAST) between two groups. Intervention group showed higher scores in the subscales of sensitivity to cues, cognitive growth fostering, and caregiver total. 2. There was no significant difference in the mean score of child rearing environment (HOME) between two groups of six-month-infants. But when each subscale of HOME was examined, intervention group showed higher scores in the dimensions of opportunities for variety in daily stimulation, maternal involvement with child, and emotional, verbal response. 3. Six-month-infants of the intervention group showed significantly higher GQ in the Griffiths mental development scale. In conclusion, the maternal education program was effective in promoting the mother-infant interaction, organizing the childrearing environment, and fostering the infant development. These results were very meaningful that we found parent role education necessary for normal infants' mothers, and nurses can make a great contribution in promoting health of infants and mothers.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.211-234
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• 1999

The purpose of this article was to get hold of adolescent's needs for sex knowledge and to reveal their understanding of sex. These results may be applied to the sex education and counselling for adolescent. The participants of study were 267 students (females, 144 ; males, 123) who were the first and second grade form 1 middle and 2 high schools. They were asked to describe 3 questions that they wanted to know or to learn about sex. Their questions about sex were total 779(girls, subtotal 456, mean 3.2, boys, subtotal 323, mean, 2.6). These questions categorized to 9 items by content analysis. The items were ‘sexual drive, behavior and tendency(229, 29.4%)’ , ‘anatomy and physiology of reproductive system(140, 18.0%)’, ‘reproduction(131, 16.8%)’, ‘concept of sex(31, 4.0%)’, ‘acquaintance between the other sexes(17, 2.2%)’, and ‘the others(9, 1.2%)’ in order of frequency. The most frequent item that the student want to know or team about sex was ‘sexual drive, behavior and tendency’ except girls of sophomore in middle school. There were several features in participants' needs for sex knowledge as respects of the understanding of sex- biological sex, gender, and sexuality. The prominent feature in knowledge need of bio logical sex was that the participants had the interests according to their biological sex. They had the negative attitude to the phenomenons (ex, menstruation and pregnancy, phimosiectomy, etc) that they experienced or would experience due to their biological sex. A part of them asked the questions based the misconceptions and used the slangs or ‘××’, ect. to name the male or female genitalia. The male students wanted to know the female genitalia. The participants' understanding of gender reflected the sexism of our society, but they didn't accept and had doubts about the dual, hierarchical structure of that. The students, especially female seemed to be powerless to the harms of the sexual violence. Girls had much interest in their appearances and complained to our sexual culture that women comforted and served men. The participants had the dual perspective that the sexuality as respects of physiologic phenomenon was considered as natural but that as related to heterosexuals was as negative. And they deemed that men's sexual drive was stronger than women's and was difficult or was not able to be inhibited. They had much interests in homosexuality but reflected the negative attitude to that in our society. Adolescent felt wonder why the expressions of sexuality of adult were permitted but theirs were not. Lastly, a part of boys substituted querying the sexuality of animals for asking that of human. Maybe it was because of the embarrassment to talk about human's sexuality directly. The teenaged participants understood that the sex had not only the biological meanings but also the sociocultural meanings. They regarded the sex as natural and wanted to know it, but they had conceptions that it was difficult and embarrass to talk about it openly and directly.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.203-233
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• 2004

사회복지는 개인의 행복과 만족스러운 삶을 이루도록 원조하는 실천학문인 만큼 명확한 정신건강개념 규정은 정신보건 사회복지 영역 뿐 아니라 전체 사회복지실천영역에서도 포괄적으로 필요하다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 첫째, Q 방법론을 활용하여 한국인의 정신건강개념을 도출하였다. 그 결과 정신건강 개념에는 자호다(Jahoda)의 19개 영역과 본 연구에서 새롭게 나타난 '영적' 영역과 '자기 안녕감' 영역을 합하여 21개 영역이 나타났고, 각 개인들은 이 개념을 공동체주의형, 합리주의형, 개인주의형, 인본주의형, 신본주의형 등 매우 독립적인 5가지 유형으로 인식하고 있었다. 둘째, 연구결과를 통해 사회복지영역에서는 일반인을 위한 정신건강프로그램의 방향성을 적극적 정신건강 개념으로 전환되어야 함을 제시하였다. 이는 사회복지영역에서 한국인의 정신건강개념을 정신질환 예방이나 치료라는 틀 속에 묶어두지 않고 건강한 삶의 성장으로 확대하기 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 함이다.

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.50-61
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• 2001

With the improvement of current medicine, the number of the chronicly ill children are increasing. The illness of the child drives all of the family to despair. especially it is a burden on the mother who takes care of the ill child. She's faced with many emergencies and feels powerless. The home care for a child is for finding a child's problems early and mediating them. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mother's reaction following their chronicly ill child's discharge and to investigate the supporting needs for caring for an ill child. The subjects of this study were mothers with a chronicly ill child being discharged from a general hospital in Seoul and the data was collected from July 20 to September 30. Data was collected by using questionnaires which were developed by the researcher. (The questionnaires were composed of the average 5 points - Likert's method). The Mother's reaction means that the higher the score, the more negative the mother's thoughts about discharge are. Supporting need for caring for ill an child means that the higher the score, the higher the demand of nursing is. The statistical analysis used the SPSS program for t-test. ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The mother's reaction scores following discharge were the lowest. 19 and the highest 72 so that the total average was 43.15. The answer, 'I worry that my baby will be troubled with illness again after discharge gained the high points (3.94 of 5 points). The answer. 'The discharge of my baby makes me gloomy' gained 2.05-it was the lowest points. Their were significant differences according to religion (p=.006). salary (p=.050). the burden of the medical fee (p = .005) and caregiver (p=.027). 2. Supporting Need for caring for ill an child was the lowest 15 and the highest 67. the total average was 47.87. The answer. 'I'd be glad to get a person whom I could always get counsel about the health of my baby with' scored the high point (average 4.04 of 5). The answer. 'Caring for my baby at home makes me exhausted' gained the lowest point. 2.49. Their were significant differences according to religion (p=.019) and diagnosis (p=.019). 3. The relationship between the reaction of the mother and supporting need for caring for an ill child was a positive correlation (r=0.585). In conclusion. this study revealed that mothers weren't positive about their chronicly ill child's discharge and they wanted to get support for caring for an ill child. Through this study. I proposed that the program to support the chronicly ill child at home and home care by continuous counselling after discharge should be develop.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2008

본 연구는 중등교육과정의 의생활 단원 중 반바지 만들기 수업에 e-Learning 적용 효과를 평가하고자 수행하였다. 이를 위해 e-Learning 수업을 위한 사이버 공간으로 인터넷 카페를 개설하고, 여러 곳에서 개발한 기존의 의생활 관련의 콘텐츠를 활용하였으며, e-Learning 수업을 위한 인터넷 카페 운영의 효율성을 연구하였다. 또한 교수 학습 지도안을 제작하여 수업에 활용하였으며, e-Learning 수업의 효과를 평가하기 위해 수업 후 학생들의 반응을 설문 조사하였다. 요약된 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, e-Learning 활용 수업으로 가정 교과 학습 내용을 학습자 수준에 맞게 다양한 방법으로 재구성하고 여러 가지 학습콘텐츠를 제공하였다. 둘째, e-Learning 활용 수업을 위하여 학습 자료실에 교과서외의 다양한 자료와 심화 보충 학습 자료를 탑재하여 수준별 선택학습이 가능하였다. 셋째, 과제 결과물을 모든 학생들이 같이 볼 수 있어 평가의 신뢰성을 높이며, 과제 제출물에 대하여 스스로 학습을 계획하고 실천하며 결과를 볼 수 있었다. 넷째, 학생과 교사, 학생과 학생간에 쌍방향적 교류가 가능하므로 교과학습 내용이나 과제에 대한 의견 교환으로 효율적인 학습활동이 이루어질 뿐 아니라 생활 전반에 걸친 상담도 수시로 이루어져 학습지도, 진학지도 및 인성지도가 가능하게 되었다. 다섯째, e-Learning 활용 수업에 대한 학생들의 만족도는 전반적으로 높았으며 특히 의생활 영역에 대한 흥미와 이해가 증가되었고 스스로 공부하는 학습 태도나 습관이 길러졌다고 평가하였다. 또한 e-Learning활용 수업이 도움이 되었으며, 그 이유로는 방과후에도 계속 학습할 수 있고 다양한 자료를 얻을 수 있으며 과제제출방법이 간편하다는 것을 들었다. 끝으로 본 연구에서는 의생활과 관련하여 활용 가능한 콘텐츠를 수업에 적용시키는 것에 주안점을 두었으나, 보다 발전적인 연구를 위하여 e-Learning 교수 학습 모형에 따른 다양한 가정과 영역별 적용 사례 개발 및 발굴이 진행되어야 하며, 사이버교육 콘텐츠 개발 지원으로 학생들의 학습 수준과 흥미를 고려한 다양한 학습 콘텐츠의 제작 보급이 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.261-274
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• 2015

Although fasting programs have recently attracted close attention because of benefits of detoxification, few studies have examined these programs. This study investigates the effects of a modified juice-based fasting program on lipid metabolism. A total of 33 volunteers fasted for 10 days and participated in program lectures, exercise programs, water bath regimens, and enemas. Pre- and post-program blood samples were obtained to evaluate lipoprotein levels. A paired t-test was conducted using SPSS 18.0. Changes in the lipid profile were observed during the juice-based fasting program and attending 3 degrees. All lipid profiles decreased significantly, including total cholesterol (TC) (p<0.001), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p<0.05). Program participation was documented by assessing attendance levels as high, moderate, and low. TC decreased significantly in all programs and levels (p<0.05), TG decreased proportionally only in enemas according to the attending degree: high (48 %), moderate (20 %), and low (10 %). HDL-C decreased at all low levels, but moderate exercise ($53.8{\pm}12.5mg/dL$ to $55.6{\pm}10.2mg/dL$) and a high enema ($54.9{\pm}14.1mg/dL$ to $55.0{\pm}9.4mg/dL$) showed small increases. The antioxidant property of the juice-based fasting program in terms of the blood vessel, enemas, and exercise played an important role in preventing cardiovascular disease from increased levels of HDL-C. These results suggest that juice-based fasting and combined lifestyle programs may help improve lipid metabolism and protect against dyslipidemia.