• Mycobiology
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.57-59
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• 2003

A leaf spot of cotton rose(Hibiscus mutabilis) occurred severely in the flower beds of cotton rose around Uiryeong-gun, Gyeongnam Province in Korea. The causal fungus was identified as Corynespora cassiicola on the basis of cultural and morphological characteristics of the fungus. The fungus grew well on potato dextrose agar and the colony color was gray to brown. Conidia were solitary or catenate, obclavate to cylindrical in shape, and pale olivaceous brown or brown in color. They had 420 pseudosepta, and measured $35.2{\sim}173.6{\times}8.8{\sim}19.9{\mu}m$. Conidia germinated as a bipolar type. Conidiophores were pale to mid brown in color, and measured $74.2{\sim}275.6{\times}3.8{\sim}10.8{\mu}m$. Optimal temperature for mycelial growth was $30^{\circ}C$. The fungal isolate grown on PDA showed strong pathogenicity to cotton rose plant. This is the first report on the corynespora leaf spot of cotton rose(Hibiscus mutabilis) caused by Corynespora cassiicola in Korea.

• 식물병연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.55-58
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• 2002

2001년 진주시 도로변 정원에서 Choanephora cucurbitarum에 의한 부용 꽃썩음병이 발생하였다. 병징은 처음 꽃잎부분이 수침상으로 물려지면서 부패하고 급속히 진전되어 썩었다 PDA또는 병반부위에서 균사는 처음 흰색에서 연한 노란색이며 검은색의 포자낭을 형성되고 백색의 균사가 아주 많이 형성되었다. 단포자성포자는 갈색이고 단포로서 방추형, 타원형 또는 난형이며 크기는 12.3~21.6 $\times$8.3~11.6$\mu$m였다. 포자낭은 대부분 구형이고 크기는 42.6-114.2$\mu$m였다. 포자낭포자는 갈색이고 단포로서 방추형 , 타원형 또는 난형이며 크기는 16.3~23.8$\times$8.2~13.6$\mu$m였다. 양쪽 글에 3개에서 수개의 부속사를 형성하였다. 접합포자는 구형의 검은색이고 크기는 46.2-78.4$\mu$m였다. 균사생육 적온은 3$0^{\circ}C$였다. 이상과 같이 병원균의 균학적 특징과 병원성을 검정한 결과 이 병을 Choanephora cucurbitarum에 의한 부용 꽃썩음병으로 명명할 것을 제안하고자 한다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.203-211
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• 2007

This study was conducted in cut rose cultivation field in Goyang to evaluate pesticide exposure of farmers and the relationship between the exposure and work environment/method for cut rose farmers. Dermal exposure was assessed with patch (thin chromatography layer paper), cotton glove by body parts during mixing and spraying works in which pyrethroid, organophosphate, carbamate pesticide were used in 4 cut rose greenhouses located in Goyang province, checking characteristics of environment/working method at the same time. Body parts assessed were as follows ; glove : hand, patch : head, neck(front/back), chest, back, shoulder(right/left), upperarm(right/left), forearm(right/left), thigh(right/left), shin(right/left). Pesticides were analyzed using gas chromatography(NPD/FID) after extracting with ethyl acetate. Exposure amount differed according to pesticide type. But after standardizing with total net weight of pesticide sprayed, there were no significant difference among pesticides. There were significant difference in exposure amount among body parts(especially exposure amount of thigh, shin were more than the others), which means exposure happen not by pesticide dispersion in air but by contact with cut rose(leaf, branch) indirectly. Walking forward during spraying made farmers more exposed than waling backward, these results means contacts with leaves/branches made exposure happen in cut rose greenhouse also. As a result, pesticide exposure in cut rose greenhouse was related with contact of leaf/branch which pesticide remained in, which made exposure pattern (especially exposure amount) differ by body parts

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.116-126
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• 1998

This study was conducted to examine the effect of difference in materials of aerobic wear on both human body's physiological reactions and subjective wearing sensation by comparing and analysing not only cotton sparidex A, B and C but nylon spandex D, E and F used as actually wearing materials. The rectal temperature of type A and I remained at high degree, the type C was higher from after high-speed running but dropped sharply when taking a break finally. Both skin temperature and mean skin temperature dropped sharply due to sweat occurred during physical exercise, and then rose slowly when taking a break. Type A -D and B-I showed that the mean skin temperature remained at high degree when wearing a cotton spandex. Type C's temperature within its aerobic wear was lower than type F while its relative humidity was higher than type F. Wearing sensation showed a change similar to wearing, particularly, which was remarkable in type B-E. Also, it was shown that humidity sensation, tactile sensation and comfort sensation were good when wearing the cotton spandex.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.61-66
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• 1976

Rectal temperature, skin temperature and oxygen consumption were measured in five women divers during diving under two conditions a) wearing a cotton bathing suit and b) wearing a diving suit and the following results were obtained. 1. The duration of the diving period was 30 min with the cotton bathing suit whereas it was above 120 min with the diving suit. 2. The average rectal temperature fell to $34.5^{\circ}C$ after 30 min of diving with the cotton bathing suit. On the other hand, with the diving suit, immediately after submersion, the rectal temperature rose about $3^{\circ}C$ and remained at about $39^{\circ}C$ throughout the diving period of 120 min. 3. Average mean skin temperature during diving was $11^{\circ}C$ and $21^{\circ}C$ with cotton bathing suit and with the diving suit, respectively. The mean body temperature fell to $25^{\circ}C$ with the cotton bathing suit while it reached $32^{\circ}C$ with the diving suit at the end of each diving period. 4. Oxygen consumption during diving was three fold of the pre-dive level with the cotton bathing suit but it was two fold with the diving suit. 5. Total extra heat loss was 323 kcal during 120 min of diving with the diving suit. On the contrary, with the cotton bathing suit, it was 528 kcal for 30 min, These results may suggest that the prolongation of the diving period with the diving suit is primarily due to maintenance of core temperature at more or less physiological level as a result of reduction in conductive heat loss from the body surface to the water and the Preferential distribution of blood in the core area.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제2권5호
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• pp.405-410
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• 2000

The effects of individual sweating rates on thermophysiological responses during the decrease phase of clothing surface temperature (Tcs) with cotton (C) and polyester (P) clothed subjects were examined. Seven women subjects were exposed in a climatic chamber at ambient temperature of $27.2^{\circ}C$, relative humidity of 50%, and their lower-legs were immersed in a water bath at a temperature of $35-41^{\circ}C$ for 70 min. During water immersion, Tcs in C-clothed subject rose immediately after the onset of sweating and then Tcs fell gradually. In C-clothed subjects, Tcs decreased directly (p<0.05) in proportion to total sweating rate (TSR), however no significant correlation was observed in P-clothed subjects. The relationship between TSR and changes in mean skin temperature, and skin blood flow showed negative correlation when wearing C-clothing (p<0.05), however, no significant correlation when wearing P-clothing. Individual TSR was correlated with threshold rectal temperature for sweating onset (p<0.05) with C- and P-clothed subjects. The results showed that individual TSR had significant effects on not only Tcs but also on thermoregulatory responses during the Tcs decrease phase.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.869-877
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• 2016

This study looks into the dyeing properties and functionality of cotton fabrics dyed in both the Spirodela polyrhiza extract and the extract resulting from the mixture of Salvia plebeia R. Br. and Spirodela polyrhiza. Since the UV-Vis Spectrum of the methanol extract of Spirodela polyrhiza shows absorption peaks at 256, 268nm, and 345nm, it can be inferred that the compound that Spirodela polyrhiza contains is a flavonoid. In addition, it can also be presumed that, by analyzing the infrared absorption spectrum of Spirodela polyrhiza, the plant contains flavonoid compounds, just like Salvia plebeia R. Br.. The UV protection factors of the cotton fabrics dyed in both the Spirodela polyrhiza extract and the extract from the mixture of Salvia plebeia R. Br. and Spirodela polyrhiza were 50+, presenting outstanding UV protection factors. The deodorization rate of the cotton dyed in the Spirodela polyrhiza extract was between 30 and 120 minutes, and the rate rose from 92% to 97% as time passed. The deodorization rate of the cotton dyed in the extract from the mixture of Salvia plebeia R. Br. and Spirodela polyrhiza increased from 88% to more than 91%. The result also revealed that overall the fastness of color, including color fastness to washing related to change in color, as well as the color fastness to light of the fabric dyed in the extract from the mixture of the two plants improved, compared to the cloth dyed only in Spirodela polyrhiza extract. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity was also strengthened.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.289-295
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• 1995

시설원예작물(施設園藝作物)을 가해(加害)하는 짓딧물을 효율적(效率的)으로 방제(防除)하기 위하여 살충제(殺蟲劑)인 imidacloprid를 유효성분(有效成分)으로 하고 저밀도(低密度) 포리에틸렌과 초산(醋酸)비닐을 고분자(高分子) 매체(媒體)로 하여 방출조절형(放出調節型) 살충성(殺蟲性) 농약제제(農藥製劑)를 제조(製造)하고 그 이화학적(理化學的) 특성(特性) 및 약효(藥效)를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 시제품(試製品)중 농약주성분(農藥主成分)의 제제율(製劑率)은 90% 이상으로 대부분의 농약(農藥)이 합성수지(合成樹脂)에 함유(含有)되어 있었다. 2. 농약주성분(農藥主成分)의 수중용출양상(水中溶出樣相)은 합성수지(合成樹脂)의 혼합비율(混合比率)에 따라 큰 차이를 보여 저밀도(低密度) 포리에틸렌의 함량(含量)이 높을수록 용출속도(溶出速度)는 완만(緩慢)하였다. 3. 시제품(試製品)중 농약주성분(農藥主成分)의 경시분해(經時分解)는 처리초기(處理初期)에는 적었으나 처리(處理)90일 후에는 분해율(分解率)이 10% 이상으로 높았으며 유효기간은 1년으로 평가된다. 4. 토양(土壤)중 농약잔류양상(農藥殘留樣相)은 기존(旣存)의 입제(粒劑)와 크게 달라 장기간에 걸쳐 일정수준이 유지되었으며 수중용출시험(水中溶出試驗)의 결과(結果)와 밀접한 연관성을 보였다. 5. 장미와 국화진딧물에 대한 효과(效果)는 우수하였고 120후에까지 약효(藥效)가 지속(持續)되었으며 1회의 처리로 기존 진딧물약의 다수 살포작업을 절약할 수 있어 새로운 농약제형(農藥劑型)으로서의 개발가능성이 제시되었다.

• 복식
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• 제64권7호
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• pp.143-155
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• 2014

This study focuses on Yusam, a military raincoat that was worn during the Joseon Dynasty. The purpose of this study is to review the types and management system of Yusam. Documentary records, paintings and relics were used as research materials. Yusam was recorded as either Yusam(油衫) or Yu-ui(油衣) in writing. It usually looked like a skirt and was worn like a cape, but there were differences in length. Some of them took the form of a short coat with half-sleeves and side slits. Research analysis results of Silrok, Ilseongrok and the archives of the military camp in the later Joseon are as follows: First, Mokyusam and Jiyusam coexisted as military raincoats. Mokyusam was made with cotton and perilla oil, while Jiyusam was made with traditional Korean paper, a cotton edging and perilla oil. Second, the differences between general Yusam and military Yusam include the material of the clothing, the materials for waterproofing, the color, and the manufacturer. Third, each military camp supplied soldiers with hundreds to thousands of Yusam. Military officers and King's guards wore Mokyusam because Mokyusam was higher than Jiyusam. Fourth, soldiers Yusam together with Yujeongeon, Chorip, Galmo, or Hwihang as a hat. Fifth, the higher the rank, the higher the price of Yusam and the longer the term of usage. On the other hand, as the rank got higher, the cost of the supplementary oil rose, while the duration of usage got shorter.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.57-65
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• 1985

In the experiment with a basic material for the design of summer wear that comfort can be obtained in temperature, to get individual differences, clothing styles (slacks, skirt), material differences(T/C, cotton), and the contrast between when naked and dressed, when two healthy females were dressed four kinds of summer wear as an object of experiment under the regular warm temperature environmental condition (24, 28, 32, $36^{\circ}C$, $60\pm10\%$ RH), the measurement of physiological, phychological change was taken and the result goes as follow; 1. Mean skin temperature rose by clothing, body weight loss decreased below $32^{\circ}C$, thermal sensation changed toward low temperature by $2\~3^{\circ}C$. 2. Mean skin temperature, body weight loss, the lowest blood pressure above $32^{\circ}C$, under-clothing temperature, and thermal sensation increased when in slacks to be compared with when in skirt. 3. Ambient temperature had a great effect on mean skin temperature, body weight loss, respiration, clothing surface temperature, under-clothing temperature and humidity, thermal sensation, etc. 4. It was admitted that pulse, thermal sensation, comfort show different individuality. 5. It was recognized that the lowest blood pressure, clothing surface temperature, under. clothing humidity differ according to the kinds of clothing. 6. A comfortable ambient temperature in clothing summer wear was about $27\~28^{\circ}C$.