• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2009

Ip-yeong or gat-keun decorate heuk-rip, supplementing its simplicity. When the wind blew, a dynamic beauty was created, especially if the gat-keun was made with long straps of jade or silk. Basically, ip-yeong was a practical chin strap to hold the gat tight on the head. Commoners made ip-yeong by folding cotton cloth or fine gauze. However, as available materials became diversified, people used cloth, jade, agate, amber, coral, gold medallion, rock crystal and bamboo as well, juk-yeong, which was made with bamboo, became popular especially when Heungsun Daewon-gun, the father of King Kojong, decreed that people wear simple clothes. Most records concerning ip-yeong in Chosun-wangjo-shillok, the authentic record of the Joseon Dynasty, are related to forbidding a sumptuous life. The book also suggests that ip-yeong was bestowed by the king or was offered to foreign diplomats as gifts. Ip-yeong doesn't seem to be a unique system for Korea. Based on portraits or paintings where ip-yeong can be found, it seems to have been widely used during the Yuan dynasty and the Goryeo dynasty. The system disappeared in China as the Ming Dynasty was established, but it remained in use in the Korean Goryeo dynasty and through the Joseon. Literature suggests that the same materials were used for ip-yeong from the beginning of Joseon to the end of the dynasty. Guyeongja refers to a ring that connects an ipja to a chin strap. Guyeongja made with silver, bronze and jade still remain. In gungjungbalgi, the royal court inventory book, records of imogarye can be found (1882), where ten pairs of pure gold strap rings and ten pairs of gold-plated ones were used for a royal wedding.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to prevent nosocomial infection in patients through contact of radiographic cassettes. Data were collected from radiographers working in 29 university hospitals in Seoul in February and March 2001. Radiographic cassettes were disinfected daily in 5 hospitals, weekly in 4 hospitals, monthly in 5 hospitals, bimonthly in 1 hospital and once every three months in another hospital. 12 other hospitals do not practice regular disinfections of radiographic cassettes. Gauze soaked in disinfectant solution is used in 7 hospitals while 11 hospitals used cotton and cloth soaked in disinfectant solution to clean the radiographic cassettes. 26 hospitals used 99% alcohol based disinfectant solutions while 3 hospitals used 75% alcohol based disinfectant. 26 hospitals use of intercourse cassettes outpatients and in patients. In 26 hospitals, all patients shared the same set of radiographic cassettes used in the hospitals, or in 26 hospitals, separate sets of radiographic cassettes are used for outpatients and inpatients. Separate sets of cassettes are used for ICU and inpatients in 6 others hospitals. 23 hospitals used the same sets of radiographic cassettes for all their patients. radiographic cassettes are cleaned in wash area in the study room of the radiographic department in 17 hospitals. 12 other hospitals do not have designated cleaning areas for the cassettes. All radiographers practiced hands washing with soap. All 29 hospitals surveyed have infection control committee. However, only 9 out of the 29 hospitals surveyed provided Infection disinfections control education to radiographers. Only 3 hospitals have radiographers sitting in the infection control committee. Infection management education is conducted in 63 hospitals annually, twice a year in 1 hospital and once every 3 months in 2 hospitals.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.156-171
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• 1996

Background: Nosocomial infection control is one of important means to assure the quality of medical care in the hospital, however, it has been neglected by most of the hospital personnels. Of nosocomial infections, urinary tract infection is the highest incidence, which is related to the indwelling catheter. It is, therefore, necessary to pay primary attention to the patients with the indwelling catheter in intensive care unit in order to control nosocomial Infection and to improve the quality of medical care in the hospital. Methods : The subjects of this study were patients with indwelling catheter who were admitted to the ICU of Pusan Paik Hospital from March 1994 to May 1995. The author calculated UTI rate among the subjects through the cultivation of the urine, identified the related factors of the UTI through brain storming of study team and head nurses working at ICU, and analized the effectiveness of the proposed approaches through comparing the infection rates of before and after activities. Results : The major activities carried out by the study team were to conduct in-service education programs for the staffs working at ICU about the importance of the nosocomial infection control in QA, and nursing intervention to reduce the UTI rate among the patients with indwelling catether. 1. The major nursing interventions that the study team had implemented were as follows ; 1) Drainage system was changed from partial open system to completely closed system. 2) Bladder irrigation which was routinely practised in all patients stopped among the noninfected patients. 3) Bladder irrigation set was changed to the disposable one. 4) Catheter was inserted under the anesthesia for patients to be operated. 5) Male patient receiving wrapped with gauze after perineal care was not wrapped. 6) Clamp which had not been before was newly attached to drainage tube. 7) Urine bag which had been packed into a lot of pieces was done into each piece. 8) The interval of change of indwelling catheter had regularly been four weeks, however it was used continously until it worked well. 9) Catheter was attached well at the defined site. 10) Paper towel was used instead of cotton towel. 11) Mats at the entrance were removed and cleansing of wards was enhanced. 2. The UTI rate by month was 34.4% in maximum and 9.8% in minimum during the period of this study, however it had gradually decreased. After 6 months from initiating infection control activities, the trend of rates was relatively stable. It was identified that UTI rate was different by season 12.5% in winter and 27.2% in summer. 3. Utilization rate of indwelling catheter was maintained at under 50%, but it was increased above 57% from April 1995. 4. The number of bladder irrigation sets used per day was 33.3 sets in maximum and 2.8 sets in minimum. The number used per day were also remarkably deceased. Conclusion : It was found that a program to control UTI could contribute to nosocomial infection control, and it was, in turn, a mean to assure the quality of medical care in the hospital. The nursing interventions which this study team had implemented were effective in the reduce of UTI rates.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.161-170
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• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 실질적인 출토복식의 보수를 통해서 보수방법의 합리적인 방안을 모색하는데 있다. 출토복식의 경우 유기물이라는 특징으로 인해 출토되는 순간 이미 위약한 상태이므로 출토복식에 대한 상태를 철저히 조사한 후 가능한 물리적 힘을 가하지 않는 방법으로 최소한의 보수만을 진행하였다. 그리고 다음과 같은 과정으로 보수하였다. 보수는 출토복식의 상태에 따라 보수 가능한 것을 분류하여 출토복식 직물의 상태를 고려하여 최대한 안정하게 적용시켰다. 보수용 실의 경우는 강도가 약한 정련한 얇은 주아사의 실을 뽑아서 사용하거나 광열화시킨 명주실을 사용하였다. 보수용 직물은 직물의 종류에 따라 셀룰로오스 계 직물은 면직물을 견직물은 주아사나 명주를 정련하여 사용하였으며 일부는 비슷한 색을 내기위해 오리나무 염색과 감 염색을 하였고 방충 방균 처리를 위해 정향으로 염색한 천을 사용하여 보수하였다. 보수의 방법은 손상형태 및 복식의 구성양식에 따라 구분하여 실시하였다. 보수의 바느질법은 시침질, 홈질, 박음질, 공그르기, 감침질의 방법을 사용하여 훼손 부위와 상태에 적합한 바느질법을 선택하였다.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of tooth-brushing oral care on oral health and ventilator-associated pneumonia of patients in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Methods: A total of 74 participants were recruited from a medical, surgical, or neurosurgical ICU at S Hospital in Seoul, Korea, from September of 2010 to January of 2011. An experimental group (n= 36) received oral care with tooth-brushing while a control group (n=38) received oral care with cotton ball and gauze. In both group, the oral care was done three times a day at least one minute for 7 days. Oral health was examined by the Modified Oral Assessment Guide before the intervention and each night. Results: There is no difference between the groups in aspect of passage of time (p = .603), interaction between time and intervention (p =.300), the performance intervention (p = .766), and the incidence of VAP (p = .486). Conclusion: The effect of oral care with tooth-brushing on oral health and VAP was not different from that of usual oral care in ICU. However, further study is necessary due to high attrition in this study.

• 박물관보존과학
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• 제13권
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• pp.23-31
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• 2012

본 연구의 대상 유물은 경희대학교박물관 소장 철제유물로 표면에 파라핀(Paraffin)이나 밀납(Bees Wax)으로 추정되는 물질로 코팅이 되어있어 표면이 불투명하며 전체적으로 부식이 심하게 발생되어 표면이 판상으로 두텁게 박락된 상태이다. 따라서 유물 표면에 코팅 처리된 물질을 안전하게 제거하기 위하여, 코팅물질을 제거하기 위한 가역성 실험을 실시하였으며, 실험결과를 토대로 유물에 적용하여 보존처리를 실시하였다. 연구방법은 첫째, 표면에 코팅 처리된 물질의 성분을 알아보기 위하여 FT-IR분석을 실시하였다. 둘째, 각종 유기용제를 사용하여 유물에 코팅된 물질을 가역시킬 수 있는 약품이 무엇인지를 실험을 통해 확인 하였다. 셋째, 가역성실험 결과를 토대로 코팅물질 제거에 가장 적합한 약품을 선정하여 실제 유물에 적용하였다. 연구결과 첫째, FT-IR 분석결과 유물에 사용된 코팅제와 파라핀(Paraffin)은 성분이 같은 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 유기용제 중 xylene, toluene, trichloroethylene, methyl alcohol이 파라핀을 용융시킬 수 있는 것으로 확인되었으며 이 중 toluene이 코팅제를 제거하기에 가장 적합 한 것으로 판단되었다. 셋째, 선정된 약품을 사용하여 실제유물에 적용하는데 있어서 미세한 편들을 지지하고 있는 파라핀을 모두 제거하는 것은 유물을 붕괴시킬 수 있으므로 표면을 불투명하게 덮고 있는 부분만을 면봉이나 거즈 등을 이용하는 방법으로 파라핀을 제거 한 후 보존처리를 완료 하였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.9-23
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• 1968

A survey was conducted by the staff of the College of Medicine and School of Public Health, Seoul National University in cooperation with Seoul Special City from 1 December 1967 through 28 February 1968, on such events as delivery, death, abortion and pregnancy. The survey directed to a total population of 47,811 residing in 9,157 households led us to the following findings: 1. Two year averages of crude birth rate, crude death rate and natural increase rate were 30.1, 5.6 and 24.5, respectively. 2. Of all deliveries, home and hospital deliveries constituted 61.1 per cent and 35.5 per cent, respectively. 3. Deliveries other than hospital deliveries were found to be attended more often by mother-in-laws (26.5 per cent) than by doctors or midwives(23.4 per cent). 4. About 51 per cent of all women having experiences in pregnancy during the last two years had an experience of consulting a doctor at least one time throughout whole period of pregnancy. 5. In most cases scissors were used to cut umbilical cords, of which 71.0 per cent were not sterilized and only 20.3 per cent sterilized. 6. In many cases placenta was incinerated(48.2 per cent) and on many other occasions it was thrown away into water(28.3 per cent). 7. Cement bags(37.4 per cent), gauze and absorbent cotton(29.8 per cent) were found to be most frequently used to receive new-born babies. 8. In 1966 8. 8 per cent of the women had at least one abortion induced and in 1967 the percentage was 9.2 per cent. 9. Nearly all(95.8 per cent) of the induced abortions reportedly were done at doctor's clinics. 10. Of all the abortions induced 65.3 per cent were done by specialists in obstetrics, 30.3 per cent by general practitioners and 2.7 per cent by midwives. 11. Those who experienced spontaneous abortions were 1.9 per cent of all women both in 1966 and 1967. 12. About 9.2 per cent of women investigated were found to be currently pregnant. 13. Age specific death rate turned out to be highest among those under 1 year of age. 14. Ten major causes of death in their order of frequency were: 15. Places of death can be classified into homes(75.3 per cent) and hospitals(13.2 per cent). 16. Method of disposing of corpses comprised burials(54.2 per cent) and cremations(44.6 per cent). 17. Infant, neonatal and hebdomadal mortality rates have been computed at 32.2, 18.9 and 13.7, respectively. 18. Infants were found to have died either at homes(81.5 per cent) or at hospitals(18.5 per cent). 19. Birth registrations had been done for about 18.5 per cent of the dead infants.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2009

목 적: 음경암(carcinoma of the penis)의 방사선치료 시 발생되는 산란선으로부터 고환(testis)을 보호하고, 치료 자세 재현성을 유지하기 위한 device를 제작하여 유용성을 평가하였다. 대상 및 방법: 팬텀(Phantom)고환은 바셀린 거즈로 제작하였으며, device는 두께 5 mm 아크릴과 4 mm 납으로 제작하였다. 조사야는 $3{\times}3\;cm^2$, $4{\times}4\;cm^2$, $5{\times}5\;cm^2$, $6{\times}6\;cm^2$, $7{\times}7\;cm^2$ 그리고 조사야 경계면에서부터 고환의 거리는 4~10 cm까지 1 cm 간격으로 이격(離隔)하였으며, 팬텀고환 부위의 산란선량을 차폐 전과 후 각각 10회 측정하였다. 6 MV X선을 이용하여 200 cGy를 조사하였다. 결 과: 미차폐 시 거리(4~10 cm)에 따라 14.8~4.7 cGy ($3{\times}3\;cm^2$), 15.7~5.2 cGy ($4{\times}4\;cm^2$), 17.6~5.5 cGy ($5{\times}5\;cm^2$), 19.9~6.6 cGy ($6{\times}6\;cm^2$), 22.2~7.6 cGy (7x7 cm2)의 산란선량이 측정 되었고, 차폐 시에는 7.1~2.6 cGy ($3{\times}3\;cm^2$), 8.9~3.6 cGy ($4{\times}4\;cm^2$), 12.3~4.8 cGy (5x5 cm2), 14.6~5.0 cGy ($6{\times}6\;cm^2$), 21.1~6.4 cGy ($7{\times}7\;cm^2$)로 감소하였으며, 차폐 전과 후 감소폭은 조사야 크기($3{\times}3~7{\times}7\;cm^2$)에 따라 7.8∼1.1 cGy (4 cm), 5.1~1.2 cGy (5 cm), 3.8~1.1 cGy (6 cm), 3.4~1.7 cGy (7cm), 2.8~1.7 cGy (8 cm), 2.4~2.5 cGy (9 cm), 2.1~1.8 cGy (10 cm) 거리에(4∼10 cm)에 따른 감소폭은 7.8~2.1 cGy ($3{\times}3\;cm^2$), 6.9~1.6 cGy ($4{\times}4\;cm^2$), 5.3~0.8 cGy ($5{\times}5\;cm^2$), 5.3~1.5 cGy ($6{\times}6\;cm^2$), 1.1~1.8 cGy ($7{\times}7\;cm^2$) 측정되었다. 결 론: 음경암의 방사선치료 시 자체 제작한 device를 사용하여 팬텀고환 주변의 산란선 측정결과 device 사용 시 거리를 이격과 팬텀고환 주위를 차폐함으로 불필요한 피폭을 줄 일수 있었다.