• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.145-147
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• 2009

The cost effective structures and materials for the carbon nanotube (CNT) back light unit (BLU) are proposed. Simplified device structures and related electron emitter materials are prepared. CNT emitters were screen printed or remotely mounted on the back plate, and this enabled less than two photo patterning steps. Besides the cost benefits, operating voltage was dramatically decreased and higher current density was obtained

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.2 no.2 s.4
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• pp.59-74
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• 2000

Because efficiency of the 1st-phase NGIS investment(1995-2000) has not been clearly measured, the action taken in the 2nd-phase NGIS project requires NGIS budgets to be evaluated in terms of effectiveness. Especially, the effective investments in local governments are critical for the NGIS projects, because they execute the much larger amount of budgets in total than other GIS projects. As indicated, for the successful NGIS implementation, it is important to obtain continuous political and financial supports from decision makers. As a persuasion measure for the budget appropriation, CBA(Cost-Benefit Analysis) and CEA(Cost-Efficiency Analysis) can play an important role for the decision makers. The major concern of this paper is how to measure the costs and benefits of the GIS implementation by considering important characteristics of the GIS projects in local governments, and existing theories are reviewed for this concern. The GISs in local governments can have different stages in terms of its evolution and the effectiveness of the applications can be represented variously. To identify categories for measuring costs and benefits of the various GISs, case studies and success stories are reviewed from both the foreign and domestic research. The categories of costs and benefits are determined from the tangible and intangible aspects. The categories for the quantitative and qualitative measure are proposed to evaluate the GISs in local governments. After measuring costs and benefits, three key evaluation methods in cost-benefit analysis are suggested as follows: 1) the benefit: cost ratio (B/C), 2) Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and 3) the net present values (NPV) of the costs and benefits. The sensitivity and uncertainty analysis are also helpful to make a decision for the GIS budget appropriation in local governments. In conclusion, although cost-benefit analysis is not an easy undertaking, it is certain that it can play an important role in the future for the GIS funding decisions in local governments.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.198-205
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• 2000

Objectives : Risperidone and clozapine belong to a new generation of antipsychotics that are reportedly more effective and better tolerated than conventional neuroleptics. However, each of these agents costs far more per unit than conventional neuroleptics. The purpose of our retrospective study was to ascertain the total cost and effectiveness of treatment before and after administration of risperidone and clozapine in "revolving door" schizophrenia patients. Method : Data collected on revolving door schizophrenics for 2 years before clozapine and risperidone treatment and for at least 2 years after clozapine and risperidone treatment. Direct cost of inpatient and outpatient treatment was measured. Effectiveness was scaled as "years of mild disability gained". Result : Both risperidone and cloazpine result in higher costs and additional benefits to patients, for example, increased mild disability, reduced number of relapse, and reduced hospital length-of-stay. An ICER of risperidone was less than Rc and ICER of clozapine was greater than Rc. According to decision-analytic this model, risperidone had favorable cost-effectiveness ratios relative to clozapine. Conclusion : We have assumed that risperidone is more cost-effective than clozapine.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2001

This research is conducted to evaluate the clinical and economic benefits from therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM) service on vancomycin in a tertiary general hospital. Total 99 pairs of steady state peak and trough concentrations of vancomycin were obtained from 73 patients. To see the clinical benefits, the appropriateness of vancomycin dosing before TDM was evaluated. In 72 pairs of vancomycin blood concentrations obtained prior to TDM consultation, $47.2\%$ of the cases had reached within therapeutic range. Serum vancomycin levels in patients with $40{\leq}CLcr<60$ (ml/min) were higher and than the levels in patients with 40>CLcr and $60{\leq}CLcr$ (ml/min). Dose reduction rate in patients with creatinine clearance $40{\leq}CLcr<60$ (ml/min) were also significantly higher than those of compared groups ($61.5\%$, p=0.0138). Serum vancomycin concentrations were re-obtained from 21 patients who received modified dose through TDM service. Ninety percent (19/21cases) of them were within the target therapeutic range. For the evaluation of economic benefits from TDM consultation, estimated cost savings were calculated in those patients. The total drug saving were 586 vials in 21 patients. The calculated mean cost saving from the drugs was 314,570 won (range: $11,273\sim473,466)$ per patient. The study revealed that TDM service for vancomycin is necessary because empirical dosing is not effective for obtaining therapeutic drug level, especially patients with mild renal insufficiencies. The cost saving from TDM is also beneficial for the patients.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.488-493
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• 2013

Accurate initial cost estimates are essential to effective management of construction projects where many decisions are made in the course of project management by referencing the estimates. In practice, the initial estimates are frequently derived from historical actual cost data, for which standard distribution-based techniques are widely applied in the construction industry to account for risk associated with the estimates. This approach assumes the same probability distribution of estimate errors for any selected estimates. This assumption, however, is not always satisfied. In order to account for the probabilistic nature of estimate errors, an alternative method for measuring the risk associated with a selected initial estimate is developed by applying the Bayesian probability approach. An application example include demonstrates how the method is implemented. A hypothesis test is conducted to reveal the robustness of the Bayesian probability model. The method is envisioned to effectively complement cost estimating methods that are currently in use by providing benefits as follows: (1) it effectively accounts for the probabilistic nature of errors in estimates; (2) it is easy to implement by using historical estimates and actual costs that are readily available in most construction companies; and (3) it minimizes subjective judgment by using quantitative data only.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.1076-1085
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• 2009

Recent heavy rains and typhoons broke down road slopes, which caused a hazard to safety. As a result, interests in the effective investment for disaster prevention is increasing. Measures of investigation method for slope have been taken, but the financial costs have never been analysed. This study applied the cost-benefit analysis theory used in public economics to the evaluation of the financial reasonability of management for slope. By applying cost-benefit analysis to road slope investigation method, the reduction of safety costs and resulting financial benefits can be seen and it also clarifies the reasonability and investment effects of slope management.

• Magazine of korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.26-35
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• 2020

Tunnelling to bypass major landslide areas is considered as a good and long-term environmentally friendly solution to reduce an existing hazard. In Norway, hundreds of kilometres of tunnels have been constructed in areas prone to landslides and snow avalanches. Although tunnelling is considered as an expensive mitigation strategy for bypassing landslides, analysis indicate that in some cases the cost of building a tunnel can be repaid by savings in driving costs (fuel) alone over a period of 5-10 years due to reduced driving distances. The other benefits of constructing tunnels in landslide areas include savings in time and increased safety. The Norwegian Method of Tunnelling (NMT) is considered safe, efficient and cost effective compared to other tunnelling techniques. Some aspects of NMT, which are considered safe and cost efficient, are presented. The application of updated rock support techniques, including reinforced ribs of shotctrete (RRS), which is a key component of the Norwegian Method of Tunnelling (NMT), is highlighted.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.518-527
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• 2012

This study uses a hybrid estimation tool for effective cost data management of building projects, and develops a realistic cost estimation model. The method makes use of newly available information as the project progresses, and project cost and percentage progress are analyzed and used as inputs for the developed system. For model development, case-based reasoning (CBR) is proposed, as it enables complex nonlinear mapping. This study also investigates analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for weight generation and applies them to a real project case. Real case studies are used to demonstrate and validate the benefits of the proposed approach. By using this method, an evaluation of actual project performance can be developed that appropriately considers the natural variability of construction costs.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.260-269
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• 2010

Background : Bojungikgitang(BJT) and Banhabaekchulchonmatang(BBT) are known to treat the tinnitus patients, which were registered Korean National Health Insurance coverage lists. Objective : Few studies have evaluated economic benefits of both herbal medicines. This research is to investigate the cost-effectiveness of Bojungikgitang(BJT) and Banhabaekchulchonmatang(BBT) in chronic tinnitus patients over nineteen years old. Method : We built the decision tree model of chronic tinnitus and executed the deterministic analysis and threshold sensitivity analysis based on randomized clinical trial. Effectiveness was measured in quality-adjusted life-years(QALYs), and costs were in 2009 KRW(South Korean Currency). The perspective is societal, time horizon is 10 weeks, and Korean willingness to pay threshold is assumed to 20,000,000KRW. Results : In the base case analysis, BJT treatment resulted is better outcomes as low cost, so BJT is dominant medicine and BBT is dominated. But both cost per QALYs (BJT is 3,120,339KWN per QALY, BBT is 3,505,780KWN per QALY) are lower than the threshold, that could be covered by Korean National Health Insurance(KNHI). Conclusion : This study results showed that BJT was more cost-effective than BBT treating tinnitus patients for 10 weeks, and the cost per QALYs of both alternatives were lower than Korean national threshold.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.1075-1080
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• 2003

Design and fabrication process of a full inorganic electroluminescent microdislay based on aluminum / nanostructured porous silicon reverse biased light emitting Schottky diodes are discussing. Being of a solid state construction. this micro-display is cost-effective, thin and light in weight due to very simple device architecture. Its benefits include also super high resolution, wide viewing angles, fast response time and wide operating temperature range. The advantages of full integration of a LED-array and driving circuitry onto a Si-chip will be also discussed.