• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.306-314
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• 2017

Background: In order to obtain a deeper understanding of an incident, it needs to be investigated to "peel back the layers" and examine both immediate and underlying failures that contributed to the event itself. One of the key elements of an effective accident investigation is recording the scene for future reference. In recent years, however, there have been major advances in survey technology, which have provided the ability to capture scenes in three dimension to an unprecedented level of detail, using laser scanners. Methods: A case study involving a fatal incident was surveyed using three-dimensional laser scanning, and subsequently recreated through virtual and physical models. The created models were then utilized in both accident investigation and legal process, to explore the technologies used in this setting. Results: Benefits include explanation of the event and environment, incident reconstruction, preservation of evidence, reducing the need for site visits, and testing of theories. Drawbacks include limited technology within courtrooms, confusion caused by models, cost, and personal interpretation and acceptance in the data. Conclusion: Laser scanning surveys can be of considerable use in jury trials, for example, in case the location supports the use of a high-definition survey, or an object has to be altered after the accident and it has a specific influence on the case and needs to be recorded. However, consideration has to be made in its application and to ensure a fair trial, with emphasis being placed on the facts of the case and personal interpretation controlled.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.56-71
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• 2003

Waste landfills have been the center of environmental problems and they must be restored due to environmental pollution, disgusting landscape, and cost of management. It is suggested that they be recycled urban space as cities expand. Specially, nonsanitary waste landfills which have no pollution prevention facilities cause serious problems. Restoring the landfills as parks and golf courses, so on makes more benefits because of cheap use land, closeness to urban area, flat topography applicable to parks and golf courses, and high land values after restoration and the changes to local recreation sites. Restoration of waste landfills is a complex, costly, and interdisciplinary work. But, the waste landfill is a manmade ecosystem. Control, restoration and postmanagement of waste landfills are very important problems. The role of vegetation prevents soil erosion, reduces soil water storage, and obstructs leachate seepage. Early restoration makes derelict lands into man park artificially geared to soil, vegetation, landforms and hydrology. But, Ideal restoration is to make stable ecosystem nature-friendly and compatible with surrounding landscape without more management. Landscape is structured hierarchically with patches and stands as small components and forms forest as large components. Therefore, landscape formation of the waste landfills needs much restoration process. There are many ecological restoration techniques for the waste landfills. Those are divided into artificial and natural methods. The artificial method is anthropogenic plantings while the natural method is to trigger and use succession processes. The most important thing in the restoration of waste landfills is to consider the final restoration objectives of each waste landfill. According to these objectives, the depth of covering layer, planting degree, and structural design should be determined. The effective restoration methods should be selected of artificial and natural options.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.3113-3113
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• 2001

Some two years ago our company undertook a project on manufacturing network rationalization to maximize competitiveness through continuous improvement in manufacturing efficiency. One key outcome was the recognition of the benefits that could be derived from timely application of new technology or novel use of existing technologies and even more importantly the need to develop company wide strategies to maximize the impact of such applications. As a direct result an exercise was undertaken to identify the ten most promising technologies from a list of literally hundreds seen as having the capability of making a rapid impact on the manufacturing initiative. One of the outcomes of this exercise was the identification of Near Infrared Spectroscopy as a pivotal technology for improving process understanding, performance, and control to deliver consistent product quality cost effectively with broad applicability across our product range. While NIR had been in use in targeted areas on some of our sites for some years our new challenge was to develop a strategy to extend NIRs application, initially over 17 manufacturing sites, while concurrently expanding the NIR skill base company wide to ensure that the return on initial investment could be further maximized as shared applications across the remaining sites as required. This presentation will provide an overview of how life cycle based user requirement specifications were developed covering: ㆍSpectrophotometers ㆍSample interfaces ㆍSoftware ㆍEquipment and Software qualification ㆍCalibration transfer ㆍ Ease of developing effective user interfaces and control for applications transferred to a production area ㆍUser training ㆍWorld wide support The presentation will also describe the process adopted for vendor selection to ensure maximum utilization of the existing company wide NIR skill base and its future development to expedite applications of the technology in development, quality control and production areas.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제40권spc호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Since the introduction of the biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) in 1995, it has viewed as an effective tool to categorize drugs in terms of prediction for bioavailability (BA) and bioequivalence (BE). The BCS consist of four drug categories: class I (highly soluble and highly permeable), class II (low soluble and highly permeable), class III (highly soluble and low permeable) and class IV (low soluble and low permeable), and almost all drugs belong to one of these categories. Likewise, classifying drugs into four categories according to their solubility and permeability is simple and relatively not controversial, and thus the FDA adopted the BCS as a science-based approach in establishing a series of regulatory guidance for the industry. Actually, many pharmaceutical companies have gained a lot of benefits, which directly connect to cost loss and failure decrease in the early stage of drug development. Recently, instead of solubility, using dissolution characteristics (e.g. intrinsic dissolution rate) have provided an improvement in the classification in correlating more closely with in vivo drug dissolution rather than solubility by itself. Furthermore, a newly modified-version of BCS, biopharmaceutics drug disposition classification system (BDDCS), which classify drugs into four categories according to solubility and metabolism, has been introduced and gained much attention as a new insight in respect with the drug classification. This report gives a brief overview of the BCS and its implication, and also introduces the recent new trend of drug classification.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제14D권1호
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• pp.107-120
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• 2007

IT 투자는 기업의 일반적인 투자와는 달리 직접적인 효과를 계량화하기 어려운 부분이 있기 때문에 경영자가 IT에 투자 의사결정을 내리기가 어렵다. IT 투자에 대한 타당성을 입증하기 위해서는 정보 제공자와 수혜자가 공감할 수 있는 객관적인 평가 체제의 수립과 신규 IT 투자에 대한 경제적 효과에 대한 계량적인 척도 및 측정 방법을 포함한 정량적인 분석 틀을 제시하는 것이 필요하다. 따라서 본 논문은 기존의 투자에 대한 타당성을 입증하기 위한 모델들의 장점을 수용하고 단점을 보완한 IT 투자와 그 투자에서 얻어지는 IT 효과를 분석하여 투자타당성을 입증할 수 있는 IT ROI 방법론을 개발하여 5개 업종 21개 기업에 적응한 결과를 반영한 IT ROI 시스템을 구축하였다. 이 시스템에 의해 정보시스템이 기업의 활동에 기여하는 효과에 대한 객관적인 타당성을 확보하여 IT 투자 의사결정을 도와주고, IT 투자를 보다 합리적으로 결정할 수 있어 효율적인 IT 투자가 이루어질 수 있는 체계를 제시한다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제16권
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• pp.183-203
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• 2001

To accomplish international electronic commerce via the Internet, the most serious dilemma is the international payment system. The BBL is a secure and effective electronic commerce framework for the replacement of traditional paper documents by electronic messages via the Internet providing significant benefits in terms of cost savings, improved logistics and reduced errors in documentation. The most important legal obstacles in the BBL are how to secure authenticity, non-repudiation and message integrity as well as the status of negotiability equivalent to paper B/L. These kinds of functions may be carried out through the electronic title registry of the Bolero International Limited. The technical structure is supported contractually by the Bolero Rulebook. And other documents except B/L can be made out without any legal or technical problems. What are the handicaps of the BBL in its practical use at this time? I can summarize the current and expected problems as follows: First, the fee to join Bolero Association Limited is burdensome to sellers, buyers and trade related organizations all over the world. Second, the liability in errors or defaults in operating central data registry of Bolero International Limited is limited to U.S.$100,000. The amount is not sufficient to the many bulk cargo owners to cover the damages. Third, businessmen are used to traditional paper documents; therefore it takes much time for them to change their customs and practices. So the BBL and traditional papers would be used simultaneously for the time being. Finally, it is very important to incorporate the Rulebook, a multilateral contract binding on all users signed, in each domestic law, which will accomplish the uniform law basis.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.61-65
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• 2012

Many public organizations have been adopting and operating various servers. These servers run on Windows, Unix, and Linux operating systems that generally use less than 10% of their capacity. For migrating a public organization to cloud computing, we must first virtualize the server environment. This article proposes a strategy for server virtualization that the National IT Industry Promotion Agency (NIPA) has done and describes the effects of a public organization migrating to cloud computing. The NIPA Computer Center planned an effective virtualization migration on various servers. This project of virtualization migration was conducted with the existing policy of separate x86 servers and Unix servers. There are three popular approaches to server virtualization: a virtual machine model, a paravirtual machine model, and virtualization at the operating system layer. We selected a VMware solution that uses the virtual machine model. We selected servers for virtualization in the following manner. Servers were chosen that had the highest rate of service usage and CPU usage and had been operating for five years or more. However, we excluded servers that require 80% or greater rates of CPU usage. After adopting the server virtualization technique, we consolidated 32 servers into 3 servers. Virtualization is a technology that can provide benefits in these areas: server consolidation and optimization, infrastructure cost reduction and improved operational flexibility, and implementation of a dual computing environment.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.443-464
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• 2016

세계의 많은 기관들은 학술 정보 유통을 위해 디지털 리포지터리들을 구축해왔다. 동시에 디지털 리포지터리들은 증가하는 디지털 자원을 어떻게 장기적으로 보존하고 지속가능한 정보 환경 구축할 것인가의 문제에 직면해 있다. 하티트러스트(HathiTrust) 파트너십은 미국 연구도서관들의 디지털 리포지터리의 지속가능한 협력 모델의 필요성에 의해 시작하여 전 세계의 리포지터리들과의 체결을 통해 점차 확장되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 하티트러스트의 설립배경부터 구축, 운영 및 정책, 현황 및 이용 서비스에 이르는 전반적인 사례와 실질적인 운영 과정 등을 다루었고 또한 하티트러스트의 효과와 앞으로 기대되는 가능성 등을 파트너십 단위 기관의 시각에서 다루고자 하였다. 하티트러스트를 통해 파트너십 기관들은 효과적인 운영 비용, 디지털 콘텐츠의 공동 관리 및 장기 보존, 저작권 관리의 용이성, 접근성 확대 등의 특장점이 있으며, 향후에는 인쇄물의 공동보존서고 운영, 빅데이터 분석 토대 마련 등의 기회를 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2009년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.102-108
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• 2009

Fossil power plants firing lower grade coals or equipped with modified system for NOx controls are challenged with maintaining good combustion conditions while maximizing generation and minimizing emissions. In many cases significant derate, availability losses and increase in unburned carbon levels can be attributed to poor combustion conditions as a result of poorly controlled local fuel and air distribution within the boiler furnace. In order to develop a on-line combustion tuning system, field test was conducted at operating power boiler. During the field test the exhaust gases' $O_2$, NOx and CO was monitored by using a spatially distributed monitoring grid located in the boiler's high temperature vestibule and upper convective back-pass region. At these locations, the flue gas flow is still significantly stratified, and air in-leakage is minimal which enables tracing of poor combustion zones to specific burners and over-fire air ports. using these monitored information we can improving combustion at every point within the furnace, therefore the boiler can operate at reduced excess $O_2$ and gas temperature deviation, reduced furnace exit gas temperature levels while also reducing localized hot spots, corrosive gas conditions, slag or clinker formation and UBC. Benefits include improving efficiency, reducing NOx emissions, increasing output and maximizing availability. Discussion concerning the reduction of greenhouse gases is prevalent in the world. When taking a practical approach to addressing this problem, the best way and short-term solution to reduce greenhouse gases on coal-fired power plants is to improve efficiency. From this point of view the real time optimized combustion tuning approach is the most effective and implemented with minimal cost.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.183-192
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• 2010

While Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) has been recommended in some diabetes mellitus (DM) patients population according to the 2010 American Diabetes Association (ADA), 2007 Korean Diabetes Association (KDA), 2005 International Diabetes Federation guideline, it is excluded from a routine insurance coverage for outpatients in Korea. The objective of this study is to meta-analyze the impact of SMBG on HbA1c in non insulin-treated diabetes mellitus (NIT) DM patients. Published clinical literatures were identified through electronic database searches from inception and until May 2010. Studies were selected if they met the following inclusion criteria: 1) randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 2) comparing SMBG with non-SMBG in NIT type 2 diabetes, 3) measuring HbA1c as an outcome. Literature qualities were assessed by the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network Checklist. The mean difference of HbA1c between the 2 groups was pooled from non-heterogeneous 6 RCTs by meta-analysis using Review Manger (RevMan) Version 5.0 program. Pooled results demonstrated that SMBG is associated with a statistically significant improvement in glycemic control (mean HbA1c difference -0.23, 95%CI -0.32, -0.13). Sensitivity analysis showed that glycemic controls were significantly improved in patients with shorter study duration, more frequent self-monitoring, higher baseline HbA1c value, and without prior SMBG experiences. Conclusively SMBG is effective in improving glycemic control in NIT DM patients, but additional evidences from further researches in Korean patients and cost-effectiveness analysis would be necessary to make a suggestion for coverage expansion.