• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.141-156
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• 2018

The average life expectancy in Korea was 62.3 in 1970 and 82.3 in 2016, which increased by more than 20 years and it's expected to enter super-aged society after passing through the aged society. The poverty, loneliness, inactivity, and disease which were called as four problems of senior citizens have become social issues. Thus, the project for creating job opportunities for the elderly(Project supporting social activity of seniors) was carried out as the senior welfare policy. First purpose was to help the elderly engage in society actively, make their income and build up health while preventing the problems of the aged and reducing social cost as well. The second purpose was to help them live healthy later lives through various jobs. This study aimed to investigate whether the project for creating job opportunities for the elderly increased quality of later lives through health promotion and healthy later lives while engaging in the society, rather than making income according to its purpose, by conducting the survey before and after participating in the project for creating job opportunities for the elderly. It's expected to see this study could contribute to making more opportunities for the senior citizens to engage in the society continuously, rater than making money.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.157-180
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• 2010

Rapid development of information technology has generated a new industry and market. In particular, network technology such as the Internet and other computer networks made transaction activities switched from traditional offline commerce to e-commerce. Among them, digital content is bit-based object which is created and distributed through electronic environment. In particular, many entertainment contents such as the music, the movies, and the computer game softwares are main products. Although digital content commerce has high potential demand, it lacks the consideration about the factor related to maintaining existing customer such as customer loyalty and switching costs. There has been a number of research on customer loyalty and other factors affecting it in the traditional electronic commerce environment, but there is a lack of research which examines the characteristics of digital content. The study about the effect of switching costs on customer loyalty in digital content commerce is necessary because the customers of digital content commerce market are from those of other e-commerce market or traditional offline commerce market. In addition, customer loyalty and switching costs are important factors because they may build up greater customer retention. For that reason, this study focused on examining the relationships among switching costs, antecedents for switching costs, and customer loyalty in online digital music service industry. The study has three major purposes: (1) to find antecedents of switching costs on digital content commerce and examine effect of antecedents for switching costs; (2) to identify effect of switching costs on customer loyalty in digital content commerce and examine moderating effects of alternative attractiveness; (3) to identify the differences of antecedents for switching costs by contents transmission type(streaming service and downloading service). And, the online digital music service industry is selected in this study since there are many users and transactions incurring. To accomplish these purposes, a survey questionnaire was developed and distributed to 256 informants. Survey instrument was developed based on previous research and pre-established survey items. Total of 206 surveys are collected and used in the data analysis. Among the respondents, 56.8% is male and 43.2% is female. Also, 86 responses were streaming service user group and 120 responses were download service user group. These data was analyzed using regression analysis. Major findings of empirical analysis can be summarized as follows. First, switching costs have positive effect on customer loyalty in digital content commerce environment. Second, the influence of switching costs on customer loyalty increases under conditions of high alternative attractiveness. Third, DRM convenience and breadth of use have positive effect on switching costs. The findings imply that the digital content provider should pay more attention to switching costs in addition to customer satisfaction in order to attract customers. Also, increasing the convenience of DRM use by securing the convenience of user interface and expanding the support device and increasing the service use scope by providing diverse value-added service helps to create a switching barrier. The result of the study can become a practical use in marketing strategy for maintaining existing customer. In particular, switching barrier is very important under conditions of high competition in the online music service market. This study can be used as a basis for further studies about customer retention in digital content commerce.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.378-396
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to explore hospital foodservice management and to investigate conditions related to health insurance coverage of inpatient meals. A questionnaire was distributed to the nutrition departments of 44 hospitals in Seoul on July 2009. The average kitchen area was 0.5 $m^2$, and centralized distribution systems were in place. Partition walls from contamination zones, separate work tables to prevent cross-contamination, exclusive areas for preparing tube feeding, and split carts with refrigerated and convection heat settings were largely used in tertiary hospitals. Most dietitians did meal rounds (93.2%) and surveyed for patient satisfaction (86.4%). The major theme of QI (Quality Improvement) was menu management (31.8%). The health insurance fees for meals were (won)4,938.9 for a general diet, (won)5,199.8 for a therapeutic diet, (won)4,067.0 for tube feeding, (won)9,950.0 for sterilized diet, and (won)18,383.4 for diets not covered by health insurance. The prices for general and therapeutic diets were significantly lower in hospitals compared to tertiary or general hospitals (P<0.001). The cost composed of 48.3% food, 44.0% labor and 7.7% overhead for general diets and 47.9%, 44.5% and 7.6% for therapeutic diets. In the case of health insurance coverage for patient meals, the number of items applied to general diets averaged 2.8 out of 4 and for therapeutic diets it averaged 1.9 out of 3. To reform the health insurance coverage system for patient meals, it is urgent that the qualified level of patient meals is presented from a national viewpoint, and monitoring should be performed consistently by developing the evaluation tools.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.399-402
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• 1996

Endoscopic transthoracic sympathectomy (ETS) has recently become estabilished as a successful treatment for severe palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis. Descriptions have been published of neurolytic, operative and alternative endoscopic procedures involving thermocoagulation, laser coagulation, or or nonvideo-assisted ganglionectomy using equipment not widely available, with low morbidity and excellent results. All methods have advantage and disadvantages. A 19-year-old male who suffered from severe hyperhidrosis on face, palms and axillary areas, has been initially treated with stellate ganglion block in other pain clinic. He was transfered to our pain clinic for endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy. The patient was intubated left side 34 Fr. double lumen tube and positioned left semi-lateral position for right sympathectomy. Right side pneumothorax was created by clamping the ipsilateral side of the double lumen tube and aspiration of air. 11-mm trocar was introduced through incision at the third intercostal space in anterior axillary line, and then additional two 11-mm and 5-mm trocar was introduced through second and fifth intercostal space in mid axillary line. The lung was gently retracted and the parietal pleura over the heads of the appropriate ribs excised using 5-mm sharp insulated coagulating microprocesss. The T4, T3, and T2 ganglions, as well as accompanying rami communicantes, and other branchs arising from upper thoracic nerves to the brachial plexus and surrounding tissues were carefully dissected, coagulated. During sympathectomy, skin temperature of middle was continuously monitored. Elevation of palmar skin temperature intraoperatively indicated an adequate sympathectomy with a definite therapeutic effect. A No. 28 Fr. thoracotomy tube was introduced through a troca under video guidance, placed under water seal after the lung was reinflated. the controlateral side was performed same procedure. After bilateral sympathectomy, chest tubes were removed, and then, he was discharged 2 days after operation with great satisfaction. The ETS provides a well-tolerated, cost-effective alternative to thoracic sympathectomy for primary hyperhidrosis and sympathetic mediated neuropathic pain disorder. And T2 ganglion is considered the key ganglion for the treatment of primary hyperhidrosis. The low incidence of compensatory sweating may by explained by the limited extent of the sympathectomy.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.155-174
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• 2008

This paper proposed several activation strategies at both the government and company parts for the development of domestic third party logistics(TPL) to pull electronic trade era much earlier. In the government side, it must need to arrange and integrate complex regulation rules on the Logistics for more smooth access and use the TPL market. Also, it has to provide multiple support policies such as tax reduction, technical and financial service providing, and logistics information system to TPL. Finally, it should construct the government levels education system to train and forster a competent man who is well qualified as a electronic and logiscic expert. The TPL company must build up a total logistics information system concerned with an innovative operation system such as SCM, JIT etc. which can provide logistic services on demand to the electronic trade customers to maximize consumer satisfaction. In the shipper company level, it try to join a long-term strategic alliance with TPL to reduce logistic cost and increase logistic service to its electronic trade consumers.

• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
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• v.7
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• pp.231-266
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• 1997

TQM is a whole process of systemizing, documenting and measuring of service quality scientifically to achieve zero defects in product quality and to continue to improve the body of the product quality by itself. To have this process be improved continuously, first of all it needs to prepare an ideal environment to understand and to conform to its internal and external customers', that is every guests' and employees' expectations and demands. Then it has to be followed by the next step removing some negative aspects that could be derived from the first mentioned process The third step is to cut the cost be suitable compensation rather than an attitude trying to solve the problems in an easy way. The last essential factor for setting up TQM system is to make good use of the outstanding feature or process as it is reviewed against the superior benchmark. The purpose of this study is meet the customers' expectations and to maximize the hotel's profits by searching TQM(total quality management) strategy in hotels. To attain this research's objective, it follows these three details. Firstly, it defines TQM and its contents. Secondly, it provides the standard of hotel TQM throughout some case studies. Thirdly, it suggests TQM strategic plan in tourism hotel as one of professional management strategies. Two useful methods are used together to achieve the goal of this study. To confirm its theoretical consideration, descriptive studies by the research documents its theoretical consideration, descriptive studies by the research documents published in and out of the country is used. The other is case studies of TQM execution in real hospitality industry, which present the cases of the airline, Jefferson Memorial and the hotel. This research is targeting to demonstrate the successful TQM's exercise in a hotel industry by completing the theoretical studies and case studies on service product quality with an understanding of its importance. As it is said earlier, to lead to the successful TQM's practice, it is necessary to maintain a constant training of the employees. Secondly, it also must identify where it has to focus on to deliver a professional quality management. Thirdly, effective quality management organization needs to be build up. The manager's strong will to accomplish and the employee' active participations are the last condition to be succeed. Once again this study places an emphasis on the fact that TQM is critical to maximize the customers' satisfaction and the hotel's profitability. It is also very worthwhile to have every people working on front line recognize why the TQM is important and further more how they can contribute to improve their service quality by a positive participation and a careful observation of TQM's operating in their property.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.411-421
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• 2012

The stagnant growth in 3D market due to 3D movie contents shortage is encouraging development of techniques for production cost reduction. Elimination of vertical disparity generated during image acquisition requires heaviest time and effort in the whole stereoscopic film-making process. This matter is directly related to competitiveness in the market and is being dealt with as a very important task. The removal of vertical disparity, i.e. image rectification has been treated for a long time in the photogrammetry field. While computer vision methods are focused on fast processing and automation, photogrammetry methods on accuracy and precision. However, photogrammetric approaches have not been tried for the 3D film-making. In this paper, proposed is a photogrammetry-based rectification algorithm that enable to eliminate the vertical disparity precisely by reconstruction of geometric relationship at the time of shooting. Evaluation of proposed algorithm was carried out by comparing the performance with two existing computer vision algorithms. The epipolar constraint satisfaction, epipolar line accuracy and vertical disparity of result images were tested. As a result, the proposed algorithm showed excellent performance than the other algorithms in term of accuracy and precision, and also revealed robustness about position error of tie-points.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.55-77
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• 1999

Oriental Medical Service established foundation that Oriental medical clinic can take part in industrial health service by being specified industrial calamity medical treatment organ, but research which develope program that Oriental Medical Service approach on the occupational disease and industrial health only dealt in the Western Medical System was insufficient. So we studied on theoretical foundation and basic bearing about .program of oriental medical health examination in the workplace, it is based on explanation and assessment reformed by western medicine. We reached the conclusion as follows, 1. We must reconsider the concept that mind of Oriental medicine is preventive medicine, and assess positively result of social medicine. 2. Importance of industrial health is being enlarged in the category of health care. 3. Western medical health in including industrial health have faced much problems at this time, we can search by alternative proposal grafting on Oriental Medicine. 4. Oriental medical participation in the industrial health have various benefits at side satisfaction of workers, effect of prevention, efficiency of cost, and increasing rate of medical treatment and return to workplace of workers with industrial calamity. 5. We must consider Oriental Medical Health Examination as one way of health management program of workers, not as formality. 6. The advantage of Oriental Medical Health Examination can increase ability of individual health management in preventive medicine and the production in workers' health management.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-24
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• 2000

This study was conducted to examine utilization patterns and determinants of oriental medical services. Data were collected from 545 residents in Taegu city The results of this study are summarized as follows 1) 37.8% of subjects used oriental medical services in the past year. Especially, the female, the ages of 50 and 60 over, the single. low-educated. high-income class, white-collar class, medical insured tended to use more oriental medical services than another groups. 2) 46.7% of users of oriental medical services reported that number of visits in the past year was 2 - 5 times 37 1% of them was 1 times, and 4.5% over 10 times. 3) According to the reasons to choose the oriental medical facilities, most was 'on their own judgement'(48.8%) and 'by the advice of relatives and friends'(42.0%) Regarding to the objectives of using oriental medicine, 68.3% was 'treatment', 31.7% 'health counselling and promotion'. And among diseases of users, diseases of musculo-skeletal system was the highest(54.5%). 4) 57.9% of oriental medical services users had experience of utilizing western medicine on the same diseases. Among peoples with experiencing western medicine on the same diseases. 54.4% received oriental medical services 'in addition to western medicine', 45.6%'in place of western medicine 'And 41.2% of using both services reported that they had difficulty in deciding to choose the type of services -oriental medical services or western medicine-for their diseases. 37.3% of them answered that 'providing relevant information' was the most desirable measure to solve this problem, 27.3% 'establishment of effective referral system between oriental and western medical facilities '23.6% 'cooperative medical treatment systems in the same facilities', 11.8%'integration of oriental medicine into western medicine 5) According to the satisfaction level with each items of oriental medical services, the respondents had positive views on efficacy, kindness, and side-effects. They, however, had negative view on the cost of oriental medical services. 6) In regarding to the priority of improvement of oriental medical system,'expansion of insurance benefit package 'ranked first. 'expansion of insurance benefit Package 'ranked second, 'improvement of scientific methods and diagnostic technique 'third, and 'safety of herbal medicine' fourth in order. 7) The significant factors influencing the utilization of oriental medical services were kindness of oriental medical practitioners, efficacy , travel time, age To be brief, utilization rate of oriental medical services in urban area generally tends to be high. There, however, have been various barriers to limit oriental medical services, such as incomplete benefit package of oriental medical insurance and lack of coordination and referral system between oriental and western medical services, lack of scientific diagnostic procedures, high price etc . For the development of oriental medical services, Much attention to remove these limiting factors should be placed. In addition, kindness of oriental medical practitioners , which is expected to be more important factor in the consumer - focused health care environment than ever, should be kept high consistently. Since this study was conducted for specific residents of an urban city. further research including more sampling in different urban areas should be required to generalize the results of the study.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.421-432
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• 1997

To find out the actual status of treatment of physically handicapped who were stayed of home, 320 physically handicapped persons were selected among total 6,264 physically handicapped registered in Taejon city, surveyed from January 1st to March 30, 1997. Following are the results ana lysed of collected data from 201 samped persons. 1. For the cause of physically handicapped, 36.3% was congenital, 26.9% was cerebralvascular acciednt(CVA). and 14.9% was infectious diseases and others in that orders. The must frequest cause of below 20 years age group was congenital cause, but that of $20{\sim}30$ years age group and $40{\sim}50$ years age group were accident and CVA repectively. 30.0% of respondents caused by infection and others earned household living expenses. Household living expenses were higher among the respondents caused by congenital cause but those were lowest in the accidental couse group. Handicap durations were longer in the accidental cause group and infections and others group than the congenital cause group and CVA group. 2. 54.7% of studied handicapped were under treatment. But 36.3% of them were stopped treatment, and 8.9 % of them answered not treated. Most handicapped, coused by congenital and CAV, were under treatment, but most of them caused by accidental and others were stopped treatment. 3. For the medical facilities, 54.5% of them utilized welfare facility, but 25.5% utilized general hospital and 20.0% of them utilized oriental medical hospital and health centers. Congenital cause group frequently selected welfare facility for the treatment facility. But accidental cause group frequently seleced general hospitals and CVA gruop frequently selected oriental medical hospital and others. The medical cost of welfare facility, oriental medical hospitals and others were lower than that of general hospitals. 4. The proportions of under treatment were higher among yonger age higher monthly living expenses group shorter handicapped duration groups, congenital cause group and handicap grade II group. But that of stop treatment were higher among congenital cause group, infectious and others cause group, and handicap grade I & then III group. 5. For the feelings satisfacion about medical treatment, only 35.3% of under treated group responed satisfation. 55.5% of them responded so-so, but 9.1 % responed dissatisfaction. The proportion of satisfaction was higher among shorter handicap duration group.