• 대한간호학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.472-484
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to develop a home health care model in the public health system and to test the effectiveness of the model. Seven com-munity health practitioners in Yon- Cheon county. Kyunggi province, carried out home health care service for this research. The subjects of the home health care were a total of 111 community residents with chronic health problems and risk-prone infants and children; 29 persons with hypertension, 18 persons with diabetes, 12 persons with neurologic problems, 12 elderly, and 40 infants and children. During the period of study, from December, 1993 to March, 1995, a demonstrative home health care model was developed in the Yon-Cheon County community health centers with the cooperation of the Yon-Cheon Medical Center and Yon-Cheon Public Health Center for the first six months. A home care practice manual and recording system for home visits were also co-developed by the researchers and community health practitioners. Four workshops and monthly conferences were held for this purpose. Actual home care practice took place for two months, and on-going evaluation and replanning accompanied this process. The result of the evaluation of home care service were as follows. 1) For persons with hypertension, diabetes, neurologic problems, there was significant improvement in knowledge of disease and care, but no significant difference was seen in health behavior or symptoms after home care service. 2) No significant difference was seen in level of self esteem or depression after reminiscence therapy among 12 elderly subjects. 3) There were significant differences in satis-faction toward child rearing and parental sup-port, but no significant difference In education needs for parental role after home care service among parents of infants and children. 4) There was significant improvement in the quality of life among the subjects after the home care service. 5) Subjects responded that they were highly satisfied with the home care service given by the community health practitioners. Although, the actual implementation period was very short, and not all of the evaluation outcomes showed significant improvement, the home health care model of community health practitioners was, in general, positively evaluated. Through this re-search, the possibility of community health practitioners working as active home care personnel in the public health care system is supported. Further research with an expanded area and subjects for a longer period is recommended. Cost effectiveness research is also needed.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.287-304
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• 2021

우리나라의 천적 연구는 1995년부터 본격적으로 추진되었다. 25여 년이 지난 지금 1990년부터 2020년까지 한국응용곤충학회지에 발표된 논문은 약 130편으로 전체 약 1,550편의 8.4%가 천적에 관한 논문이었다. 이들 논문 중에는 1990년대에는 천적을 탐색하여 생물적 특성 연구에 관한 논문의 비율이 높았고, 2010년대에는 개발된 천적을 농가 현장에 적용하는 논문의 비율이 높았다. 이러한 연구의 결과로 국내 토착 천적이 24종, 도입 천적이 13종이 개발되어 총 37종의 우수 천적이 개발되었다. 또한 개발된 천적이 현장에 활용될 수 있도록 천적 활용 기술서 및 매뉴얼을 약 28종 이상 개발되었다. 이처럼 지금까지 천적 탐색, 생물적 특성 연구, 및 생산·이용 기술 측면에서 많은 성과가 있었으나 앞으로 추진하여야 할 과제도 많이 남아 있다. 우리나라 농작물 재배상황에 맞는 우수 천적을 탐색하거나 도입하는 연구, 비용을 절감할 수 있는 연중 대량생산 기술, 천적의 생산 및 유통 과정에 품질을 유지할 수 있는 기술, 및 천적과 저독성 작물보호제를 조화롭게 사용할 수 있는 기술 개발 등이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2015

본 연구는 우리나라 연안에 서식하는 괴도라치의 산란행동 및 난 발생과 자어 형태발달을 조사하여 다른 장갱이과 어류자어와의 유연관계를 밝혀 분류학적 연구의 기초자료로 이용하고자 한다. 실험에 사용된 친어는 평균전장 $32.9{\pm}0.21cm$(31.8~34.0)로 2003년 12월 전남 여수시 신덕동 연안에서 원통형 통발을 이용해 8개체를 채집하여 실험실로 수송 후 사각 유리수조 ($50{\times}30{\times}35cm$)에 수용하여 순환여과식으로 사육하였다. 사육수온은 $12.3{\sim}15.8^{\circ}C$ (평균 $14.1{\pm}2.47$)를 유지하였고, 염분농도는 32.5~33.5‰ (평균 $33.0{\pm}0.05$‰)의 범위를 유지하였다. 수정란은 구형으로 백색의 불투명한 침성 점 착란이었다. 난의 크기는 1.81~2.19 mm (평균 $2.00{\pm}0.27mm$, n=50)이었다. 부화는 수정 271시간 30분 후 머리부터 난막을 뚫고 나오면서 시작되었다. 부화 직후 전기 자어는 전장 8.45~8.84 mm (평균 $8.65{\pm}0.28mm$, n=5)로 입과 항문이 열려있었고, 1개의 유구를 가지고 있었다. 부화 11일째 후기 자어는 전장 10.5~11.3 mm (평균 $10.9{\pm}0.57mm$)로 이 시기의 근절 수는 66개로 증가하였다.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2003년도 제20차 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.97-98
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• 2003

육성기 제한급이가 육성기 발육특성 및 기초 산란형태에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 갈색 산란계 1,080수를 공시하여 24주간 사양시험을 실시하였다. C는 자유채식을 시켰으며, T1은 6∼12주령까지 대조구 70％, 18주령까지 75％ 수준으로 급여하였고, T2는 12∼18주령까지 T1과 동일하게 급여하였다. 18주령 체중은 T1이 가장 낮게 나타났고 C와 T2는 비슷하게 나타났으나 20주령 체중은 처리간 모두 비슷하게 나타났다. 18주령까지 사료섭취량은 T1이 가장 적었으며 C가 가장 많았다. 초산일령은 C가 가장 빨랐지만 90％ 산란일정은 T1이 가장 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 연란과 쌍란 발생률은 C가 가장 많았고 T1이 가장 적은 것으로 나타났다. 이상과 같은 결과에서 육성 초기 사료 제한급이는 육성기 사료섭취량과 산란초기 연란 및 쌍란 발생률을 감소시키며 급격한 산란증가를 유도하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.29-52
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• 1989

본 조사분석은 1988년 9월부터 1989년 1월까지 일본에서 자료수집, 견학, 방간조사 된 것을 보고한다. (1) 1955연도 농업총생산액 중 축산업 10.5％중 양계업이 4.6％이였으나, 1985연도에는 축산업이 28.9％로 비중이 확대되었으며 양계업은 8.2％로 신장되었다. 반면, 미맥류는 60.3％에서 34.3％로 감소하였다. 타 축산업 또 낙농 7.9％, 육년 4.3％, 돈 7.9％로서 양계산업의 비중이 큼을 나타내고 있다. (2) 채난계사육농가호수를 보면 ,1955연도에 450만수였던 것이 1986년도에는 와서는 116천 호로 1/39로 감소되었으며, '87∼' 88연도에는 사상 최대ㆍ불황이 계속되어 더욱 감소될 전망이다. (3)사육수를 보면 1955연도에 3,954 만수였던 것이 1986연도에는 12,965 만수로서 3배 이상의 증가를 가져왔다. 현재 채난계수가 인구수와 비교하여 많은 것으로 되어있으며, 국민1인당 300개의 계란을 소비하고 있다. 앞으로 수요가 확대되지 않는 한 고도의 기술향상으로 생산능역의 향상을 예측하게 됨으로 사육수수는 증가하지 못하게 되며, 오히려 감소가 예상된다. (4) 채난계 경영형태는 농가양계는 거의 없어지고, 전업양계에서 기업양계, 시설통합양계로 발전되고 있다. 즉, 수평통합과 수직적 통합의 결합된 순환적 통합으로 전개되고 있다. (5)계란의 유통마진을 줄이고 품질을 보장하는 유통개혁으로, 생산자와 소비자가 직결되는 도시전업양계, 집국양계. 권지양계, 통합상사양계로 발전되고 있다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.75-90
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• 2003

When we think of fundamental problems of the aquaculture industry, there are several strict conditions, and consequently the aquaculture industry is forced to change. Fish aquaculture has a structural supply surplus in production, aggravation of fishing grounds, stagnant low price due to recent recession, and drastic change of distribution circumstances. It is requested for us to initiate discussion on such issue as “how fish aquaculture establishes its status in the coastal fishery\ulcorner, will fish aquaculture grow in the future\ulcorner, and if so “how it will be restructured\ulcorner” The above issues can be observed in the mariculture of yellow tail, sea scallop and eel. But there have not been studied concerning seabream even though the production is over 30% of the total production of fish aquaculture in resent and it occupied an important status in the fish aquaculture. The objectives of this study is to forecast the future movement of sea bream aquaculture. The first goal of the study is to contribute to managerial and economic studies on the aquaculture industry. The second goal is to identify the factors influencing the competition between production areas and to identify the mechanisms involved. This study will examine the competitive power in individual producing area, its behavior, and its compulsory factors based on case study. Producing areas will be categorized according to following parameters : distance to market and availability of transportation, natural environment, the time of formation of producing areas (leaderㆍfollower), major production items, scale of business and producing areas, degree of organization in production and sales. As a factor in shaping the production area of sea bream aquaculture, natural conditions especially the water temperature is very important. Sea bream shows more active feeding and faster growth in areas located where the water temperature does not go below 13∼14$^{\circ}C$ during the winter. Also fish aquaculture is constrained by the transporting distance. Aquacultured yellowtail is a mass-produced and a mass-distributed item. It is sold a unit of cage and transported by ship. On the other hand, sea bream is sold in small amount in markets and transported by truck; so, the transportation cost is higher than yellow tail. Aquacultured sea bream has different product characteristics due to transport distance. We need to study live fish and fresh fish markets separately. Live fish was the original product form of aquacultured sea bream. Transportation of live fish has more constraints than the transportation of fresh fish. Death rate and distance are highly correlated. In addition, loading capacity of live fish is less than fresh fish. In the case of a 10 ton truck, live fish can only be loaded up to 1.5 tons. But, fresh fish which can be placed in a box can be loaded up to 5 to 6 tons. Because of this characteristics, live fish requires closer location to consumption area than fresh fish. In the consumption markets, the size of fresh fish is mainly 0.8 to 2kg.Live fish usually goes through auction, and quality is graded. Main purchaser comes from many small-sized restaurants, so a relatively small farmer and distributer can sell it. Aquacultured sea bream has been transacted as a fresh fish in GMS ,since 1993 when the price plummeted. Economies of scale works in case of fresh fish. The characteristics of fresh fish is as follows : As a large scale demander, General Merchandise Stores are the main purchasers of sea bream and the size of the fish is around 1.3kg. It mainly goes through negotiation. Aquacultured sea bream has been established as a representative food in General Merchandise Stores. GMS require stable and mass supply, consistent size, and low price. And Distribution of fresh fish is undertook by the large scale distributers, which can satisfy requirements of GMS. The market share in Tokyo Central Wholesale Market shows Mie Pref. is dominating in live fish. And Ehime Pref. is dominating in fresh fish. Ehime Pref. showed remarkable growth in 1990s. At present, the dealings of live fish is decreasing. However, the dealings of fresh fish is increasing in Tokyo Central Wholesale Market. The price of live fish is decreasing more than one of fresh fish. Even though Ehime Pref. has an ideal natural environment for sea bream aquaculture, its entry into sea bream aquaculture was late, because it was located at a further distance to consumers than the competing producing areas. However, Ehime Pref. became the number one producing areas through the sales of fresh fish in the 1990s. The production volume is almost 3 times the production volume of Mie Pref. which is the number two production area. More conversion from yellow tail aquaculture to sea bream aquaculture is taking place in Ehime Pref., because Kagosima Pref. has a better natural environment for yellow tail aquaculture. Transportation is worse than Mie Pref., but this region as a far-flung producing area makes up by increasing the business scale. Ehime Pref. increases the market share for fresh fish by creating demand from GMS. Ehime Pref. has developed market strategies such as a quick return at a small profit, a stable and mass supply and standardization in size. Ehime Pref. increases the market power by the capital of a large scale commission agent. Secondly Mie Pref. is close to markets and composed of small scale farmers. Mie Pref. switched to sea bream aquaculture early, because of the price decrease in aquacultured yellou tail and natural environmental problems. Mie Pref. had not changed until 1993 when the price of the sea bream plummeted. Because it had better natural environment and transportation. Mie Pref. has a suitable water temperature range required for sea bream aquaculture. However, the price of live sea bream continued to decline due to excessive production and economic recession. As a consequence, small scale farmers are faced with a market price below the average production cost in 1993. In such kind of situation, the small-sized and inefficient manager in Mie Pref. was obliged to withdraw from sea bream aquaculture. Kumamoto Pref. is located further from market sites and has an unsuitable nature environmental condition required for sea bream aquaculture. Although Kumamoto Pref. is trying to convert to the puffer fish aquaculture which requires different rearing techniques, aquaculture technique for puffer fish is not established yet.

• 가정∙방문간호학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.5-24
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to develop a parenting intervention program and determine the efficacy of the program with low-birth weight infants and their mothers. Nine dyads for the experimental group and twelve dyads for the control group discharged from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a University Hospital in Seoul were recruited for the study. For the intervention group, programmed education and support which focused on the maternal sensitivity of the infant's behavior. rearing environment. motherinfant interaction and infant care were given to each subject. Individual counseling and home visits were provided at discharge, one week after discharge. and one and three months of corrected age in every infant. Structured questionaires were administered and feeding interactions were videotaped and coded by a blinded certified observer. A Quasi-experimental design was conducted for this study. Postpartum depression, maternal self esteem. infant care burden, HOME. mother-infant interaction, and infant development were measured. Results were in favor of the intervention versus the control group. On the Beck depression inventory, intervention mothers showed decreasing trends in depressive symptom vs control mothers although, there were statistically no significant differences between the two groups at each time. The mean score of experimental group was 11.55(mild depression state) at discharge and became 8,6(normal state) at 1 month of corrected age. On the other hand, the mean score of the control group was 13.92(mild depression state) at discharge and became 14.0. Maternal self esteem in both groups improved over time. Infant care burden in both groups was also shown to increase over time. There was a significant difference between the two groups in HOME(p=.0340) at 3 months of corrected age. HOME scores of the experimental group and the control's were 31.10 and 25.58, respectively. Mothers' emotional and language responses were significantly high in the intervention group compared with the control group(p=.0155). Intervention group (53.33) showed a significantly high quality of motherinfant interaction compared with the in control group (42.80)(p =.0340). Intervention group mothers appeared have a better quality of mother-infant interaction behaviors. On the other hand, there was no statistical difference in the infant part between groups. Intervention group infants had higher trends in a general developmental quotient: although, there was no statistical difference between groups. The general developmental quotient of intervention infants was 102.56 and control's was 91.28. However, the developmental quotient of the domain of 'individuality-sociality' was higher in the intervention group infants compared with the control's(p=.0155). The concerns identified by parents revealed two domains of an infants' health management -knowledge and skills in caregiving of lowbirthweight-infants, characteristics of lowbirthweight infants, identifying a developmental milestone, coping with emergency situations and relaxation strategies of mothers from the infant care burden. Interview data with the mothers of low-birth weight infants can be used to develop intervention program contents. Limited intervention time and frequency due to time and cost limitations of this study should be modified. The intervention should be continuously implemented when low-birth weight infants become three years old. An NNNS demonstration appeared to be a very effective intervention for the mothers to improve the quality of mother-infant interactions. Therefore intervening in the mothers of low-birth weight infants as early after delivery as possible is desirable. This study has shown that home visit interventions are worthwhile for mothers only beyond the approach as an essential factor in ability of facilitating a growth fostering environment. In conclusion. the intervention program of this study was very effective in enhancing the parenting for the mothers of low-birth weight infants, resulting in health promotion of low-birth weight infants. The home-visit outreach intervention program of this study will contribute to the health delivery system in this country where there is a lack of continuous follow-up programs for low-birth weight infants after discharge from NICU, if it is activated as part of the home visit programs in community health systems.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2008

본 연구는 1일령 갈색 산란계 Isa-Brown을 3처리, 6반복으로 반복 당 60수씩 총 1,080수를 공시하여 각각 육성기에 제한 급여를 실시한 후 산란 시기에 산란율, 사료 섭취량, 사료요구율 및 계란 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 실시하였다. 산란기간 동안 제한 급여 처리구에서 산란율, 난중 및 산란 지속성 등이 대조구에 비해 증가하는 결과를 나타내었으나, 사료 섭취량 및 사료 요구율에서는 다른 처리구와 비교하였을 때 T1 처리구에서 유의적으로 높은 결과를 나타내었다(P<0.05). 계란 품질에서는 각각의 처리구간 사이에 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 산란계에서 육성기의 제한 급여는 자유 채식에 비해 뚜렷한 유의적 차이는 나타나지 않았으나, 전기간 생산성에서 성적이 향상되어짐을 나타났는데, 초생추 이후 $6{\sim}18$주령까지 사료 급여를 제한하였던 T1의 성적이 가장 좋게 나타나, 육성기 제한 급여 기간이 길더라도 산란 능력에는 영향을 미치지 않았으며, 이는 제한 기간 동안 성장이 적절히 이루어졌으며 부족한 부분은 보상 성장을 통해 확보되었기 때문으로 사료된다. 하지만 적정 급여 수준 및 급여 강도에 대한 연구는 현재까지도 미흡한 실정이며, 추후 제한 급여에 관한 좀더 많은 연구가 필요하겠다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1615-1634
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• 2004

A review was undertaken to obtain information on the sustainability of pig free-range production systems including the management, performance and health of pigs in the system. Modern outdoor rearing systems requires simple portable and flexible housing with low cost fencing. Local pig breeds and outdoor-adapted breeds for certain environment are generally more suitable for free-range systems. Free-range farms should be located in a low rainfall area and paddocks should be relatively flat, with light topsoil overlying free-draining subsoil with the absence of sharp stones that can cause foot damage. Huts or shelters are crucial for protecting pigs from direct sun burn and heat stress, especially when shade from trees and other facilities is not available. Pigs commonly graze on strip pastures and are rotated between paddocks. The zones of thermal comfort for the sow and piglet differ markedly; between 12-22$^{\circ}C$ for the sow and 30-37$^{\circ}C$ for piglets. Offering wallows for free-range pigs meets their behavioural requirements, and also overcomes the effects of high ambient temperatures on feed intake. Pigs can increase their evaporative heat loss via an increase in the proportion of wet skin by using a wallow, or through water drips and spray. Mud from wallows can also coat the skin of pigs, preventing sunburn. Under grazing conditions, it is difficult to control the fibre intake of pigs although a high energy, low fibre diet can be used. In some countries outdoor sows are fitted with nose rings to prevent them from uprooting the grass. This reduces nutrient leaching of the land due to less rooting. In general, free-range pigs have a higher mortality compared to intensively housed pigs. Many factors can contribute to the death of the piglet including crushing, disease, heat stress and poor nutrition. With successful management, free-range pigs can have similar production to door pigs, although the growth rate of the litters is affected by season. Piglets grow quicker indoors during the cold season compared to outdoor systems. Pigs reared outdoors show calmer behaviour. Aggressive interactions during feeding are lower compared to indoor pigs while outdoor sows are more active than indoor sows. Outdoor pigs have a higher parasite burden, which increases the nutrient requirement for maintenance and reduces their feed utilization efficiency. Parasite infections in free-range pigs also risks the image of free-range pork as a clean and safe product. Diseases can be controlled to a certain degree by grazing management. Frequent rotation is required although most farmers are keeping their pigs for a longer period before rotating. The concept of using pasture species to minimise nematode infections in grazing pigs looks promising. Plants that can be grown locally and used as part of the normal feeding regime are most likely to be acceptable to farmers, particularly organic farmers. However, one of the key concerns from the public for free-range pig production system is the impact on the environment. In the past, the pigs were held in the same paddock at a high stocking rate, which resulted in damage to the vegetation, nutrient loading in the soil, nitrate leaching and gas emission. To avoid this, outdoor pigs should be integrated in the cropping pasture system, the stock should be mobile and stocking rate related to the amount of feed given to the animals.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.34-43
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• 1983

1. 우리나라 養絲業은 ‘60年代 以後 ’70年代 前半期까지 急伸長하여 ‘76年에는 蠶繭生産量은 年平均 18.5%, 뽕밭面積은 年平均 16.4%가 減少하여, 養蠶生産基盤이 約 1/3로 萎縮되어, 生絲類 供給不足 現狀이 深化되어 養蠶基盤確保問題가 重要課題가 되고 있다. 2. 養蠶基盤 激減의 原因은 70年代 後半期 以後 國際景氣沈帶에서 오는 絲價의 下落, 輸入觀制等의 外部的 要因과 繭價引上率의 鈍化, 養蠶收益性의 相對的 底現狀이 두드러지게 나타났다. 이 現狀은 農業地帶別로 보면 ‘76年 대비 ’80年의 蠶繭生産量이 嶺南의 山間混作地帶가 33%減으로 가장 安定된 反面 江原道를 비롯한 準山間 田作地帶가 70%減으로 가장 크게 變動되었고, 이를 다시 行政單位別로 보면 慶南山淸等 6個郡은 20%未滿減인데 비해, 江原三陟等 16個郡은 80% 以上減이다. 面單位로 細分하여 보면 25個面은 오히려 增産되었고 143個面은 80% 以上이나 減少하는등 地域單位가 적어질수록 그 격차가 크게 나타나고 있음을 알 수 있다. 4. 蠶繭生産量의 增減과 가장 깊은 상관관계가 있는 것은 農家戶當 蠶繭生産量의 減少率로서 各道 다같이 正의 상관관계를 나타내었으며, 10a當 蠶繭生産量의 多寡와 一般耕地面積 및 밭面積中의 뽕밭面積 比率도 主要한 要因으로 作用하였다. 5. 養蠶經營 및 技術實態를 (79年 대비 81年) Computer에 의하여 精密調査하고자 農業地帶別로 17個郡 464里洞을 대상으로 調査한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 戶當蠶繭生産量 農業地帶別은 大差 없으나 比較的 安定된 里洞(79대비 81, 20%未滿減)은 戶當生産量이 ‘79年 100.8kg에서 81年이 122kg로 增産, 不安定里洞(40% 以上減)은 102.9.kg에서 82kg로 減産되었다. 2) 10a當 收繭量 山間地 보다 平野地가 많으며 安定里洞은 73.4kg, 不安定里洞은 55kg였다. 3) 가지뽕치기 普及率 山間地 보다 平野地가 높으며 安定里洞은 79年3 養蠶의 普及率.이 24.2%, 秋蠶은 16.7%에서 ‘81年4은 34.3% 10.1%로 各各 擴大된 경향이나, 不安定里洞은 81年이 春蠶 13.3%, 秋蠶 12.6%로 安定里洞에 비하여 크게 떨어지고 있다. 4) 養蠶複合經營의 類型 <養蠶十水稻十特作>이 55%로 가장 많고 <養蠶十水稻十一般作物>과 <養蠶十水稻가 各各 14%를 차지하고 있으며 養蠶所得이 農業所得에서 占하는 比重이 20%未滿 里洞이 81%나 되어 完全複合經營管 形態에는 이르지 못하고 있다. 5) 農業公害와 農藥型態 農業公害는 平野地에서는 主로 水稻에서 오는 것이 많고 그 被害 時期는 秋蠶期가 大部分을 차지하고 撒布農藥은 液劑가 65%, 粒劑가 35%로 粒劑使用 比重이 낮은 것은 價格이 비싼 때문이다.