• 시스템엔지니어링학술지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2008

Application of system engineering should be realized on necessary condition being to propel National Defense R&D Program. But, these necessity is yet not realized easily to many project managers of Defense Acquisition Program Administration(DAPA). As one person of DAPA project manager, system engineering hard to approaches easily by the word itself. There are a lot of difficult sections where should apply how. This paper established DAPA Project Manager and Acquisition Point of Contact of demand Military by main customer (reader), and wished to make understood more easily and approach system engineering application to these. Also, this paper studied project management example that scientific project management techniques of Earned Value Management(EVM) and Cost As an Independent Variable(CAIV) etc. is taken abuzz in DAPA inside by Project management technique that become reform, arc Integrated in system engineering.

• 한국신뢰성학회지:신뢰성응용연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.187-212
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• 2011

KHP project sets total ownership cost as the target cost by applying CAIV and administrates total ownership cost through compromise analysis, a periodical estimate and management of design alternatives for each development. Based on expected cost results, sensibility of total ownership cost is analyzed complying with the change of reliability, availability, maintainability and other related factors. By considering potential total ownership cost saving methods, first of all, this paper identifies total ownership cost changing effects for each related factor, secondly, suggests total ownership cost and maintenance and operating cost saving methods via finding components that affect total ownership cost and lastly, suggests total ownership cost saving directions that may be applied to other projects in the future.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.44-61
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• 1999

Cost estimation has posed a significant challenge to estimators, planners, and managers in both government and military. Considerable historical evidence shows that accurate cost estimation has been difficult to achieve across a wide range of projects, including weapon systems. This paper introduces new cost estimating concept, CAIV(Cost As an Independent Variable) and a cost estimating case study using PRICE model, computer aided parametric estimating models(CAPE) for K1 tank cost estimate. CAIV concept is to set realistic but aggressive cost objectives easily in each acquisition program and to achieve cost, schedule, and performance objectives considering various managing risks with a project manager and industry teams. The Price model is one of computer aided cost estimating models and widely used in U.S. defense system analysis as a tool for CAIV. We analyze theories, inputs, outputs of the PRICE model and present a case study for K1 tank to estimate costs in requirement and concept phase, program and budgeting phase, and life cycle phase. Finally we obtain results that the Price model can be used in various phases of PPBEES depending upon available data and time.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2017

Purpose - This research aims to examine the effect of e-business adoption on firm's growth and profitability in the distribution industry. The value added from the distribution industry acts as the cost of other industries. As the distribution industry develops, its stage becomes shorter and the distribution margin becomes smaller. Therefore, e-business is expected to have a different effect on the distribution industry than other industries. Research design, data and methodology - The previous research generally used e-business adoption as an independent variable and firm's performance as a dependent variable. This study elaborated the model using a dynamic panel model that includes the performance variable of the previous year as an independent variable. By employing system GMM (Generalized Method of Moments), the endogeneity problem in the dynamic panel model can be solved. For the analysis, I extracted the distribution companies as the raw data in the National Statistical Office's Business Activity Survey over the period 2006 to 2012. Results - The growth rate of firms adopting e-business was 0.299%p higher than that of the non-adopter. However, only ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), KMS (Knowledge Management System) and SCM (Supply Chain Management) contributed positively to the growth rate. In the case of profitability, it was 0.04%p higher than the distribution companies that did not adopt e-business. ERP and LMS (Learning Management System) improve profitability, while SCM reduces profitability. Consequently, while ERP improves both growth and profitability, SCM improves growth but reduces profitability. In addition, KMS improves firm's growth only, and LMS does only profitability, showing that each e-business has a differentiated effect. Conclusions - Since the distribution industry has different characteristics from manufacturing and other service industries, the introduction of e-business may not guarantee the growth and profitability of distribution companies. Careful introduction considering the characteristics of the distribution industry is required. In particular, it is necessary to select an e-business meeting the characteristics and needs of a distribution company, and thereafter, it is required for the company's own efforts to internalize it within the system.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.694-703
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• 2013

A variable dress design can be an alternative to satisfy a consumer need for diverse expression and self-realization at a lower cost factor. In the area of wedding dress, the change in the trend of wedding culture (which tends to demand more units of wedding dress) makes the cost factor more important in the purchase selection. A variable design has a clear advantage for wedding dresses and the wedding industry. This is the first research on a variable design that focuses on wedding dresses. This research develops a variable wedding design which respects consumer preferences independent of a variable wedding dress design that presents a new shape of silhouette or the development ofa new wedding dress materials. A survey on the supply side was conducted to examine market preferences by first browsing the Naver portal site and then checking the websites of major wedding dress suppliers. A questionnaire survey was conducted with a sample of 348 brides-to-be that inquired on wedding dress selection factors and purchase patterns. The survey shows that consumers prefer mermaid and A-line silhouettes, silk material, white-ivory color, and tube top necklines. The result conforms to the types commonly found in the designs of suppliers. We apply a detachable design to a basic mermaid silhouette and implemented change for 7 kinds of styles -based on the result of the survey. We suggest a variable wedding dress design as a new means to solve the cost concern and the customer need for diverse expression. The research represents a new life style for wedding culture and facilitates the development of the wedding industry.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.1-25
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• 2005

This study purports to investigate the determinants of patient satisfaction and intent to revisit at national university hospitals in Korea. A total of 8 independent variables for outpatients, 9 independent variables for inpatients, and an intervening variable of overall patient satisfaction were selected through literature review. The independent variables for outpatients contain the level of satisfaction with physicians, nurses, ancillary staff, administrative procedure, medical cost, physical environment, facility convenience. and health recovery. With regard to the independent variables for inpatients, the quality of ward services was added to those of outpatients. Each variable contains 3 to 8 items measuring the level of satisfaction with various aspects of the variable. The sample used in this study consisted of 879 outpatients and 821 inpatients. Data were collected with interview survey and analyzed using path analysis. The major findings of the study are as follows: 1) The following variables have significantly positive effect on the intent to revisit of outpatients: health recovery, overall satisfaction, satisfaction with physicians, and ancillary staff. 2) The following variables have significantly positive effect on the intent to revisit of inpatients: health recovery, satisfaction with nurses and physicians, overall satisfaction, and administrative procedure. 3) The following variables of admission procedure, satisfaction with ancillary staff, facility convenience, quality of ward services were found to have significantly positive effect only on the level of overall satisfaction, even though they do not have significant total effect on the intent to revisit. The results of the study indicate that national university hospitals in Korea should make an effort to improve the satisfactory level of patients with clinical outcome, services provided by physicians, nurses, and ancillary staff, and the quality of administrative procedure for enhancing the intent to revisit of patients.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2019

Purpose - The relationship between multinationality and performance has become a hot topic in academic circles and is very important for multinational firms, especially for Chinese multinational firms, who need more experience to enter the international market. Given this background, this paper attempts to figure out the importance of multinationality to China's firm performance and to explore whether the Four-stage Theory can also be applied to China's firms. Research design, data, and methodology - We employ the panel data of 435 multinational firms from 2008 to 2017 chosen from China's A-shares to conduct an empirical analysis by using a fixed-effects model. In the paper, the performance is represented by ROA (return on assets), treated as a dependent variable, and multinationality is represented by FSTS (foreign sales/total sales), treated as an independent variable. Results - We find that the performance first decreases then rises, then falls down, and rises again in the end. Hence there is a W-shaped relationship between the multinationality of the Chinese manufacturing industries and firm performance, proving that the four-stage theory is also applicable to Chinese multinational firms. Conclusions - These empirical results can provide some advice for policymakers to improve the firm performance such as reducing the logistics cost of multinationality.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.86-104
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• 2005

During the 'Cold War', DoD had focused on the high performance and timely acquisition which enabled quick field out the superior weapons than the enemy regardless of acquisition cost. But, after the cold war, the focus has been changed to the 'cost effective acquisition' of weapon systems because of tremendous investment cost & economic theory. The U.S. DoD has been tried to make 'the most effective acquisition system'(AR, Acquisition Reform) from mid-80's with their enough experienced program data, and as a result, they had launched the new acquisition procedure - DoD 5000 series - in 1996. DoD is continuously doing the study and making several improvements on the procedure after it had been once announced. On Oct 30. 2002, DoD noticed that they cancelled the DoD 5000 series documents(5000.1, 5000.2, 5000.2-R) and 5000.2-R will be reissued as a guide. The most recent version which focused on 1) evolutionary acquisition and spiral development, 2) procedure for future technology systems including software and IT, 3) supplement on the area of efficiency, flexibility, creativity and innovation of old system was issued by May 12. 2003. This article suggests a 'good idea' based on the reviewing of these DoD efforts for our defense acquisition regulation and procedure to go. It includes the CAIV concept application, IPT utilization, T&E method, cost or price based contract etc-all for the effective acquisition.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1527-1533
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• 2005

Three methods for design sensitivity analysis such as finite difference method(FDM), direct differentiation method(DDM) and adjoint variable method(AVM) are well known. FDM and DDM for design sensitivity analysis cost too much when the number of design variables is too large. An AVM is required to compute adjoint variables from the simultaneous linear system equation, the so-called adjoint equation. Because the adjoint equation is independent of the number of design variables, an AVM is efficient for when number of design variables is too large. In this study, AVM has been extended to the eigenproblem of damped systems whose eigenvlaues and eigenvectors are complex numbers. Moreover, this method is implemented into a commercial finite element analysis program by means of the semi-analytical method to show applicability of the developed method into practical structural problems. The proposed_method is compared with FDM and verified its accuracy for analytical and practical cases.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.444-452
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• 2022

This research aims to investigate the relationship between safety climate and safety perception and safety behavior. Safety perception of the relationship is considered to have a mediating effect. Previous literature has tended to regard safety perception as an independent variable at the same level as the safety climate, which can be said to depend on behavioralism to approach the causal relationship to an one-way perspective. The survey was administrated through full- service carries in Korea such as Korean Air and Asiana Airlines, and low-cost carriers such as JeJu air, Jin air, and Air Pusan. It can identify a mediator of safety perception between safety climate and safety behavior. There are significant indirect effects of each value, which means mediators values of safety perception of safety climate variables and safety behavior. The study highlights that airlines should focus on the importance of their psychological aspects to strengthen the safety behavior of flight attendants and the value of organizational efforts to mature safety perceptions, suggesting some implications of theoretical and practical aspects.