• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.377-377
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• 2000

Current software cost estimation models, such as the 1951 COCOMO, its 1987 Ada COCOMO update, is composed of nonlinear models, such as product attributes, computer attributes, personnel attributes, project attributes, effort-multiplier cost drivers, and have been experiencing increasing difficulties in estimating the costs of software developed to new lift cycle processes and capabilities. The COCOMO II is developed fur new forms against the current software cost estimation models. This paper provides a case-based analysis result of the cost driver in the software cost models, such as COCOMO and COCOMO 2.0 by fuzzy and neural network.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.196-219
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• 2021

Purpose - We attempted to empirically verify the effects of managerial attributes on cost stickiness in exporters. Exporters are often affected not only by external factors such as exchange rate but also by internal factors such as managerial attributes regarding their business activities. Because cost stickiness is the product of a manager's decision-making, it has been considered that managerial attributes have a great influence on the behavior. Therefore, our study was intended to find out whether cost stickiness shows differentiated aspects depending on managerial attributes in exporters. Design/methodology - We considered two managerial attributes: CEO power and managerial overconfidence. First, CEO power was measured as CEO pay slice. In addition, managerial overconfidence was measured based on three methodologies presented by previous studies. To measure cost stickiness, we used multiple methodologies presented by prior research. Findings - The results of our empirical analysis are as follows. First, in export firms, the greater CEO power is, the greater cost stickiness is. This result suggested that export managers with great influence little respond to temporary sales decrease promptly, little reduce related production costs flexibly in preparation for future sales recovery, but leave room to endure costs for idle resources. Second, the greater managerial overconfidence is, the greater cost stickiness is. This result indicated that export managers with great overconfidence on their decision-making often view the prospect for sales recovery positively; therefore, they little respond to temporary sales decrease immediately, little reduce related production costs flexibly for future sales recovery, but leave room to endure costs for idle resources. Third, export managers with great influence in their businesses and great overconfidence in their decision-making tend to show relatively great cost stickiness. The results proposed that the combination of the two factors functions to make cost stickiness greater. Originality/value - Our study is differentiated from extant studies in that we provided empirical evidence of the effects of managerial attributes on their business activities in exporters. Specifically, we verified the effects of managerial attributes on cost stickiness in Korean exporters. The results of our study are expected to contribute to providing useful information for exporters and start-ups.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.69-77
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• 2018

Purpose - As more low cost carriers are introduced, the competition between the low cost carriers to become the nation's leading low cost carrier is also being intensified. The purpose of this study is to select various choice attributes for low cost carrier and figure out important factors that customers take into account for low cost carrier selection. The study also involves in establishing the relationship between perceived value, customer satisfaction, and customer behavior Intention, in an effort to identify choice attributes that are important to customers' low cost carrier. Research design, data, and methodology - To examine these research models, samples were collected from 247 peoples who visited In-Cheon international Airport during June, 2017. Results - The results of the study showed that, 'reservation service', 'airport service', 'in-flight service', and 'price' services have a significant effect on the perceived value of the choice attributes. While 'reservation service', 'airport service', 'in-flight service', and 'flight operation service' have a significant effect on the customer satisfaction of the choice attributes, perceived value has a significant effect on customer satisfaction. Perceived value has a significant effect on customer behavior intention. Finally, customer satisfaction has a significant effect on customer behavior intention. Conclusions - Flight operation service has no significant effect on perceived value of the choice attributes of low cost carriers, which indicates that the low cost carriers have not yet been well-established in the flight operation service sector. It seems likely that low cost carrier will be able to gain a competitive advantage over other companies if they expand their routes and improve the convenience of flight connections. In addition, the results show that the price service does not have a significant effect on customer satisfaction of the choice attributes of low cost carriers. From this, we may assume that the airline ticket prices of low cost carriers are already low, and the price cannot be a deciding factor in the competitive advantage of low cost carriers. To achieve higher customer satisfaction of the choice attributes, companies should strengthen the competitiveness of 'reservation service', 'airport service', 'in-flight service', and 'flight operation service'.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

Project cost is an important concern in any construction project. Although there has been a lot of studies on factors affecting the cost of construction projects, there seems no consensus as what cost factors have direct influence on the cost of civil engineering projects. This study therefore aims to bridge the current knowledge gap by examining quantity surveyors' perception of the factor structure among nineteen costing attributes identified based on literature review. Questionnaire was used to elicit responses from quantity surveyors working in the Hong Kong construction industry. Principal component analysis is conducted to extract the factor structure of the cost attributes and the attributes are grouped into three factor components, namely the contract management factor, the project management factor and the monetary value factor. Understanding these cost impact factors could be crucial in managing civil engineering projects, since it allows the project stakeholders and quantity surveyors to take precautionary steps to identify the cost management problems and areas for improvement and could even help to avoid cost deviations in engineering projects.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.177-191
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• 2020

This study examines the effect of the self-overviewing attributes derived from agency problem on the cost behavior in franchise industry. To solve the research problem, we developed the proxies for self-overviewing attributes of domestic franchise CEO and used Anderson et al. (2003)'s cost behavior model to test hypothesis. Moreover, we grouped the self-overviewing variables for additional test. We find that operating costs are more sticky for firms which present higher CEO's self-overviewing attributes in franchise industry. Second, we find that the greater the self-overviewing tendency, more strengthened cost stickiness when sales decrease. This study is meaningful in that we developed proxies for self-overviewing propensity, such as the hypodermic behaviors of franchise CEO, which have not been performed in previous studies, to enhance future studies of franchise CEO. Futhermore, we empirically provide the effects of CEO's self-overviewing attributes on the operating costs behaviors, suggesting useful information to franchise stakeholders such as prospective start-ups, franchisee and investors.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.66-84
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• 1994

The investment to advanced manufacturing techniques is essential to reinforcement of furture competitiveness. To make a decision for selecting an appropriate manufacturing facility is very important ; it is, however, rather difficult to get a precise evaluation through conventional cost analysis methods. The supreme decision-maker does not only take into consideration tangible cost attributes in decision-making ; he also takes into account such intangible attributes as strategic ones. This study combines Analytic Hierarchy Process and Simulation in order to graph the variations of weighted indices of alternatives for effective decision making when cost attributes are uncertain. A numerical example is illustrated to explain the basic mechanics of the proposed decision procedure.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.554-560
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• 2019

In this study, after applying the finite failure NHPP Rayleigh distribution model and NHPP Inverse Rayleigh distribution model which are widely used in the field of software reliability to the software development cost model, the attributes of development cost and optimal release time were compared and analyzed. To analyze the attributes of software development cost, software failure time data was used, parametric estimation was applied to the maximum likelihood estimation method, and nonlinear equations were calculated using the bisection method. As a result, it was confirmed that Rayleigh model is relatively superior to Inverse Rayleigh model because software development cost is relatively low and software release time is also fast. Through this study, the development cost attributes of the Rayleigh model and the Inverse Rayleigh model without the existing research examples were newly analyzed. In addition, we expect that software developers will be able to use this study as a basic guideline for exploring software reliability improvement method and development cost attributes.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.183-190
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• 2011

The paper is to analyze multi-attributes for expanding new renewable energy in agricultural sectors which have environmental, technical, economic, and social factors consisting of 15 attributes which have both positive and negative impacts. We applied the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to data from opinion polls. As a result of the AHP survey, the overall results indicate that the respondents more weight on economical factor than environmental, technical, and social factors for expanding new renewable energy. At the lowest level, a comparison of individual 15 attributes within three factors shows that fixed cost highest in multi-attributes, followed by operating cost, technical superiority. To achieve the public acceptance about expanding new renewable energy in agricultural sectors, the policy-makers should take all relevant factors into account through the decision-making process by the public opinions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.17 no.31
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• pp.99-114
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• 1994

The introduction of new equipments to strengthen the competitiveness of enterprises is one of pretty important factors. Enterprises introducing new equipments strengthen competitiveness through productivity increasing, high quality maintenance, inventory reduction, improved design and production interface, simple scheduling process, low scrap rate, rework reduction, etc. Managers will work out the best equipment-replacing strategy through the appropriate combination of potential cost attributes and qualitative attributes difficult to quantify in accordance with the business purpose. This study is to present a method to select an equipment-replacing alternative through the decision-making model of Analytic Hierarchy Process in consideration of the differences of cost flow of the alternatives, taking into consideration tangible attributes and strategic intangible attributes.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.135-144
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• 2020

In graph theory, the least-cost path is discovered by searching the shortest path between a start node and destination node. The least cost is calculated as a one-dimensional value that represents the difference in distance or price between two nodes, and the nodes and edges that comprise the lowest sum of costs between the linked nodes is the shortest path. However, it is difficult to determine the shortest path if each node has multiple attributes because the number of cost types that can appear is equal to the number of attributes. In this paper, a shortest path search scheme is proposed that considers multiple attributes using the Euclidean distance to satisfy various user requirements. In simulation, we discovered that the shortest path calculated using one-dimensional values differs from that calculated using the Euclidean distance for two-dimensional attributes. The user's preferences are reflected in multi attributes and it was different from one-dimensional attribute. Consequently, user requirements could be satisfied simultaneously by considering multiple attributes.