• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2010

Purpose: The nasal bones are the most common fracture sites of the facial bones, and a careful reduction may still result in secondary deformities, such as saddle nose, deviated nose, hump nose etc, requiring secondary cosmetic rhinoplasty. Therefore, this study examined the clinical characteristics of nasal bone fractures to propose guidelines for patient selection and surgical procedures to achieve more satisfactory results and to prevent secondary deformities with simultaneous augmentation rhinoplasty and bony reduction. Methods: The study was based on 26 out of 149 nasal bone fracture patients who underwent simultaneous augmentation rhinoplasty with bony reduction between May 2008 and April 2009. Retrospective analysis was performed according to the clinical data, surgical techniques and postoperative results. Results: Of the 26 patients, there were 15 males and 11 females. The incidence according to the Stranc's classification revealed that 62% of patients were injured by a frontal impact and 38% by a lateral impact. Frontal impact plane I (50%) was the most frequent type. At the follow up, 18 (81.2%) out of 22 patients were satisfied with their postoperative outcome, and the remaining 4 patients were fair. No one was dissatisfied. However, 5 cases in 3 patients (23%) had some complications; minimal implant deviation in 2 cases, minor irregularity on the nasal dorsum in 2 cases and palpable implant movement under palpation in 1 case. None of these cases required surgical correction. Conclusion: With the proper guidance, simultaneous augmentation rhinoplasty with bony reduction can prevent secondary deformities and satisfy the cosmetic outcomes.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2021

Background In postaxial polysyndactyly of the foot, the choice of which toe to excise is controversial. It is often treated by resection of the fifth toe to save the lateral neurovascular bundles of the sixth toe. However, the sixth toe is often short and laterally deviated, which may require wedge osteotomy, potentially shortening the phalanx and compromising circulation. This study outlines an individualized method to spare the length and axis of the fifth toe in polysyndactyly with a short and deviated sixth toe. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 38 patients who underwent surgery between 2006 and 2019. The fifth toe was spared in 18 cases, and the sixth toe in 20 cases. The ratios of the forefoot width, angle difference, and toe length were compared between the affected and unaffected sides postoperatively. Complications and subjective judgments on cosmetic results were recorded and compared. Results No significant between-group differences were observed for sex, age at surgery, or the follow-up period. The forefoot width ratio did not significantly differ between the groups. However, the angle difference and toe length ratios showed significantly better results in the fifth toe-spared group than in the sixth toe-spared group (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). There were no cases of impaired circulation, and subjective evaluations revealed satisfactory results in the fifth toe-spared group. Conclusions In cases with short and deviated sixth toes, sparing the fifth toe is an effective method of cosmetic treatment. The surgical results were satisfactory, with an improved appearance and no residual deformities.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2015

Bee venom (BV) has long been used in traditional Eastern and Western medicine for chronic inflammation, pain and skin therapy. Human exposure to BV, however, often causes unwanted adverse effects and is even fatal in some cases. Phospholipase $A_2$ ($PLA_2$) of BV is now suspected to play a key role in these adverse effects. We investigated the potential use of $PLA_2$-free bee venom (PBV) as a replacement for BV in cosmetic products. PBV prepared by molecular weight cut-off ultrafiltration exhibits a superior profile in comparison with regular BV, by inhibiting elastase activity and suppressing the induction of nitric oxide (NO) and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), while retaining the effects of cell proliferation and protection against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced damage in human dermal fibroblast cells. PBV thus appears to be more promising than BV as a cosmetic ingredient with a reduced potential for adverse reactions in the recipient.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.340-345
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• 2013

Background: This study aims to evaluate whether or not the method of right vertical axillary minithoracotomy (RVAM) is preferable to and as reliable as conventional sternotomy surgery, and also assesses its cosmetic results. Methods: Thirty-three patients (7 males, 26 females) with atrial septal defect were admitted to the Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic of Cukurova University from December 2005 until January 2010. The patients' ages ranged from 3 to 22. Patients who underwent vertical axillary minithracotomy were assigned to group I, and those undergoing conventional sternotomy, to group II. Group I and group II were compared with regard to the preoperative, perioperative and postoperative variables. Group I included 12 females and 4 males with an average age of $16.5{\pm}9.7$. Group II comprised 14 female and 3 male patients with an average age of $18.5{\pm}9.8$ showing similar features and pathologies. The cases were in Class I-II according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) Classification, and patients with other cardiac and systemic problems were not included in the study. The ratio of the systemic blood flow to the pulmonary blood flow (Qp/Qs) was $1.8{\pm}0.2$. The average pulmonary artery pressure was $35{\pm}10$ mmHg. Following the diagnosis, performing elective surgery was planned. Results: No significant difference was detected in the average time of the patients' extraportal circulation, cross-clamp and surgery (p>0.05). In the early postoperative period of the cases, the duration of mechanical ventilator support, the drainage volume in the first 24 hours, and the hospitalization time in the intensive care unit were similar (p>0.05). Postoperative pains were evaluated together with narcotic analgesics taken intravenously or orally. While 7 cases (43.7%) in group I needed postoperative analgesics, 12 cases (70.6%) in group II needed them. No mortality or major morbidity has occurred in the patients. The incision style and sizes in all of the patients undergoing RVAM were preserved as they were at the beginning. Furthermore, the patients of group I were mobilized more quickly than the patients of group II. The patients of group I were quite pleased with the psychological and cosmetic results. No residual defects have been found in the early postoperative period and after the end of the follow-up periods. All of the patients achieved functional capacity per NYHA. No deformation of breast growth has been detected during 18 months of follow-up for the group I patients, who underwent RVAM. Conclusion: To conclude, the repair of atrial septal defect by RVAM, apart from the limited working zone for the surgeon in these pathologies as compared to sternotomymay be considered in terms of the outcomes, and early and late complications. And this has accounted for less need of analgesics and better cosmetic results in recent years.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제50권11호
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• pp.677-681
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• 2012

Orthognathic surgery(2-jaw or 1-jaw surgery) is very famous one of cosmetic techniques. However, primary purpose of orthognathic surgery is to improve the occlusion of jaw and secondary purpose is to improve the esthetic result. Unfortunately, many patients don't only confuse often primary and secondary purpose of orthognathic surgery but they think the esthetic result is more important than the occlusion. Therefore, oral and maxillofacial surgeon has to fully understand cosmetic needs of patient and reflect that in the treatment plan. Patients with prominent mandibular angle want to have the narrower face of so called 'V-line' shape. Various techniques like the angle shaving, ostectomy of the lateral cortex around the mandibular angle and masseter musclectomy can be used for improving the mandibular angle hypertrophy. These techniques also can be applied in orthognathic surgery at the same time. We operated patients of orthognathic surgery, especially, with wide lower face and post-operative results were satisfactory in all cases. So, we propose mandibular angle management for improving the esthetic result of orthognathic surgery.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2010

Purpose: Anatomically, the foot is provided with insufficient blood supply and is relatively vulnerable to venous congestion compared to other parts of the body. Soft tissue defects are more difficult to manage and palliative treatments can cause hyperkeratosis or ulcer formation, which subsequently requires repeated surgeries. For weight bearing area such as the heel, not only is it important to provide wound coverage but also to restore the protective senses. In these cases, application of flaps for hind foot reconstruction is widely recognized as an effective treatment. In this study, we report the cases of soft tissue reconstruction for which various types of flaps were used to produce good results in both functional and cosmetic aspects. Methods: Data from 37 cases of hind foot operation utilizing flaps performed between from June 2000 to June 2008 were analyzed. Results: Burn related factors were the most common cause of defects, accounting for 19 cases. In addition, chronic ulceration was responsible for 8 cases and so forth. Types of flaps used for the operations, listed in descending order are radial forearm free flap (18), medial plantar island flap (6), rotation flap (5), sural island flap (3), anterolateral thigh free flap (2), lattisimus dorsi muscular flap (2), and contra lateral medial plantar free flap (1). 37 cases were successful, but 8 cases required skin graft due to partial necrosis in small areas. Conclusion : Hind foot reconstruction surgeries that utilize flaps are advantageous in protecting the internal structure, restoring functions, and achieving proper contour aesthetically. Generally, medial plantar skin is preferred because of the anatomical characteristics of the foot (e.g. fibrous septa, soft tissue for cushion). However alternative methods must be applied for defects larger than medial plantar skin and cases in which injuries exist in the flap donor / recipient site (scars in the vicinity of the wound, combined vascular injury). We used various types of flaps including radial forearm neurosensory free flap in order to reconstruct hind foot defects, and report good results in both functional and cosmetic aspects.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 자외선 파장을 활용한 항균 화장품 케이스를 개발하고자 하였다. UVC는 경제성 및 편리성 면에서 우수한 항균 성능을 가진다. 실험은 이를 입증하고 적합한 투과 재질을 찾는 것을 목적으로 진행하였다. 실험에는 자외선 파장을 이용한 항균 화장품 케이스의 항균력을 측정·비교하기 위해 UVA, UVC 기기 및 타사 제품을 사용하였다. 실험 대상 균주로는 그람양성균인 S. aureus를 사용하였으며, 항균력은 평판계수법을 통해 대상 균주의 집락 수를 측정·비교하였다. 실험 결과는 UVA와 UVC 모두 항균 활성을 나타냈고, UVC가 가장 뛰어난 항균 활성을 나타냈다. 결론적으로 UVC를 직접투과 할 때 석영유리가 가장 적합하지만 검사한 재질의 두께가 두꺼워질수록 항균력이 감소하였다.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2019

As the consumer market in the cosmetic, vehicle manufacturing and aerospace industries grows, the demand for manufacturing industries using on injection mold technology. Also, such manufacturing technology of metal machining is expensive, and the shape is limited. Cosmetic cushion fact products are divided into outer relevant to the exterior of the product and inner containers containing the actual contents. In the case of the inner container, it needs to be combined with the upper and lower cases. As environmental regulations are strengthened internationally, the use of a large number of component parts can result in significant losses in recycling and economics. Therefore, this study aims to perform injection molding analysis through injection molding simulation to develop a cushion fact container that can be recycled through the unification of products and materials using polypropylene to cope with environmental regulations. In the case of injection molding conditions, Injection Time(sec): 4.5, Cooling Time(sec): 13, Resin Temperature($^{\circ}C$): 240, and Pressure(MPa): 30 were determined. The results of injection molding simulation according to the two design methods were compared with the sync mark which shows the problem of filling and injection molding.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.367-375
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• 2012

Background The anterolateral thigh (ALT) perforator flap has become a popular option for treating soft tissue defects of lower extremity reconstruction and can be combined with a segment of the vastus lateralis muscle. We present a comparison of the use of the ALT fasciocutaneous (ALT-FC) and myocutaneous flaps. Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients in whom free-tissue transfer was performed between 2005 and 2011 for the reconstruction of lower extremity soft-tissue defects. Twenty-four patients were divided into two groups: reconstruction using an ALT-FC flap (12 cases) and reconstruction using a vastus lateralis myocutaneous (VL-MC) flap (12 cases). Postoperative complications, functional results, cosmetic results, and donor-site morbidities were studied. Results Complete flap survival was 100% in both groups. A flap complication was noted in one case (marginal dehiscence) of the ALT-FC group, and no complications were noted in the VL-MC group. In both groups, one case of partial skin graft loss occurred at the donor site, and debulking surgeries were needed for two cases. There were no significant differences in the mean scores for either functional or cosmetic outcomes in either group. Conclusions The VL-MC flap is able to fill occasional dead space and has comparable survival rates to ALT-FC with minimal donor-site morbidity. Additionally, the VL-MC flap is easily elevated without myocutaneous perforator injury.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권sup1호
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• pp.51-54
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• 2001

Objective : Authors analyzed clinical outcomes of cranioplasty according to the materials used for covering defects of the skulls. Methods : From January 1997 to February 2000, there were forty one patients undergone cranioplasty at our institution. We used refrigerated autogenous bone flaps in 19 cases(group A) and methyl methacrylate(MMA) in 22 cases(group B). The medical records and plain skull radiographs of the patient were reviewed. Results : There were thirty men and eleven women. Mean follow up period was 12 months(From operation to last Outpatient department follow up). The mean operative time of the group A($136.8{\pm}3$ minutes) was shorter than the group B($172.7{\pm}2$ minutes, Mann-Whitney test, p=0.001). In group A, the degree of satisfaction was good in 8 cases, fair in 10, and poor in 1. In the group B, there were fair in 13 and poor in 9. So the cosmetic result was superior in the group A(Chi-square test, p=0.00). The complications were occured in one case of flap infection in the group A and 6 in the group B(one stitch abscess, 4 infected flaps, one subgaleal hematoma). Conclusion : Cranioplasty using refrigerated autogenous bone flap showed shorter operative time, better cosmetic results, and less complication rate than those using MMA.