• 무역학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.337-354
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• 2021

Several previous studies have not been able to derive consistent research results on the impact of the level of corruption in local countries on foreign direct investment. Therefore, in order to suggest that this study should consider the relative level of corruption rather than the level of absolute corruption, 1) first, examine the moderating effect of the absolute level of corruption on the determinants of foreign direct investment, and 2) examine the moderating effect of the relative corruption on the determinants of foreign direct investment. This study collected 9-year data from 2012 to 2020 based on the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) published by Transparency International. A total of 549 observations (country-year) from 82 countries were sampled and a generalized estimation equation (GEE) analysis was performed. As a result of empirical analysis, it was found that the moderating effect of absolute corruption did not appear, whereas the moderating effect of relative corruption reversed the negative (-) relationship between cultural distance and foreign direct investment into a positive (+) relationship. Based on these empirical results, this study suggest that Korean companies need to consider the relative level of corruption with Korea instead of the absolute level of corruption of the investee when conducting foreign direct investment.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.134-140
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• 2021

The development of technology speeds up the process of obtaining information and its analysis to track the level of corruption in different countries and develop countermeasures. This study examines the role of information and analytical support of anti-corruption policy as a tool for government accountability and analysis, evaluation, combating corruption in Eastern Europe. The purpose of the article is to identify the components of the information-analytical system that help reduce the level of corruption. The research methodology is based on a qualitative content analysis of the functioning of information and analytical systems of Ukraine used by anti-corruption bodies. A quantitative analysis of the CPI score was conducted, according to Transparency International, to identify the effectiveness of anti-corruption policies in developing countries. The results show similar trends in countries developing on the effect of the use of information and analytical systems in the implementation of anti-corruption policies, strategies and measures. The strategy to combat corruption mainly involves increasing the independence and powers of anti-corruption bodies. Therefore, the development of information and analytical support is aimed at automating the processes of pre-trial investigations and criminal proceedings, information protection. As a tool for accountability, information and analytical systems may be ineffective due to the abuse of power by higher anti-corruption bodies due to political pressure from elite structures. Restrictions on political will are a major problem for the effectiveness of anti-corruption policies.

• 한국조사연구학회지:조사연구
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-38
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• 2005

본 논문은 부패문제의 중요성에 대한 대중적 인식의 확산과 부패를 측정하는 연구모형의 중요성을 고려하여 기존의 부패지수 측정모형들을 비교 ${\cdot}$ 분석하였다. 이 연구에서는 서울시정개발연구원에서 개발한 “서울시 시정청렴성지수 측정모형”과 “경실련 부패지수 측정모형”을 분석의 대상으로 선정하여 ‘지표 및 지수선정방식의 적정성’, ‘조사설계의 적절성’, ‘통계활용의 적절성’의 3가지 측면에서 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 발견된 두 모형의 문제점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 지표 및 지수선정방식에 있어서, 경실련부패지수는 지표가 너무 세분화되어 있고, 중복적인 지표도 다수 포함되어 있었으며, 지표별 가중치를 두지 않음으로써 지표별 중요도를 고려하지 않았다. 시정청렴지수 측정모형은 가중치를 부여하기 위한 가중치평가단에 일반시민에 대한 조사가 포함되어 있지 않아 부패를 체감하는 당사자인 민원인들의 의견을 수렴하지 못하였다 서울시 모형은 부패수준에 대한 직접적인 질문이 빠져 있어 실질적인 부패수준과 인식수준과의 차이점을 밝혀내지 못하였다. 둘째, 조사 설계의 적절성 여부에서는, 경실련 부패지수는 표본수가 너무 적어서 조사의 신뢰성에 문제가 있었으며, 조사방법에 있어서 각 구청에서 출구조사를 실시함으로써 객관성을 떨어뜨리고 있다. 질문문항의 수도 총 38문항으로 시정청렴성지수의 13문항에 비하여 지나치게 많은 감이 있으며 질문을 작성함에 있어 불명확하고 중복적인 용어가 사용되고 있었다. 셋째, 통계활용의 적절성 부분에서는, 시정청렴성지수 측정모형의 경우, 객관적 통계의 활용에 문제점을 제기하여 지표체계에서 삭제하였으며, 경실련 부패지수에서는 1995년부터 1999년까지의 서울시 각 자치구 소속 공무원의 징계자료를 수집하여 자료로 사용하였다. 통계를 자료로 사용가능하기 위해서는 충분한 양의 징계건수가 필요하며, 통계의 신뢰성이 높아야 한다. 현재 우리나라에서 집계되는 통계는 부패의 일각만을 나타내는 것으로 판단된다. 게다가 징계 유형별로 어느 정도의 가중치를 줄 것인가에 대한 객관적인 방법이 아직 개발되어 있지 않은 실정이어서 이러한 점에서 아직까지 객관적 통계자료의 사용은 한계를 가지고 있다. 위의 문제점들이 개선되기 위해서는 평가지표에 객관적 자료가 추가되고, 다양한 평가지표들이 발굴되어야 하며, 각 지표간의 가중치문제가 해결되어야 한다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권10호
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• pp.629-639
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• 2020

The current study explains how corruption, terrorism, political stability and oil price has an effect on on the Iraq stock exchange utilizing corruption perception index as a proxy of corruption, global terrorism index as proxy for terrorism, political stability and oil price with ISX60 index as proxy of stock market for the period (2005-2019) using Ordinary Least Square method. The results show that the level of corruption, terrorism activities and political stability coefficient is significantly positive with Iraq stock exchange. In contrast, the oil price coefficient is significantly negative with Iraq stock exchange, which means that lower levels of corruption, less terrorism activities and more stability in political system have strong influence on stock market development in Iraq. The study concludes that the explanatory variables are important for Iraq stock exchange. Hence, the study suggests the policy makers to develop stock market by implementing policies and strategies to overcome high level of corruption, terrorism activities especially after ISIS/ISIL announcement has been made public. There is a need for transparency and creating stable political environment through good governance practices in order to attract more foreign investment and promote economic development. Factors like terrorism and corruption make economic and political systems unstable and has an adverse effect on on Iraq's stock exchange performance.

• 한국경영공학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.19-31
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• 2018

Corruption is a serious political factor that distorts economic structure and slows economic development. In particular, the transition to the market opening economy increases the corruption incentives due to the transitional situation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influencing factors on corruption using 2013 Myanmar Enterprise Survey data provided by World Bank. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the manager's willingness to dealing the regulation and the necessity of licensing had a positive relationship with corruption at the level of 90% and 95%, respectively. In the competitive environment factor, the intensity of the competition showed a significant increase at the level of 90%. In the institutional environment, the perception of social corruption and the obstacle of the taxation authorities increased the corruption. On the other hand, the increase in the instability of the political environment and strict enforcement of laws has been shown to reduce corruption. However, there was no significant relationship between managerial capacity, corruption of competitors, tax rate, and administrative environment.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2022

This article defines the process of formation of anti-corruption consciousness as one of the areas of interaction between public authorities and civil society institutions. It is concluded that the implementation of the state anti-corruption policy in Ukraine may be more promising if the institutions of civil society are actively involved. The degree of citizen engagement can be increased by increasing social trust, as well as by increasing the level of political and legal education and culture. Particular attention should be paid to the organization of public control and monitoring of the activities of public authorities, impartial coverage of information on the fight against corruption in the media, as well as the joint conduct of an information and educational campaign and the promotion of the formation of anti-corruption consciousness among a large number of citizens.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권11호
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• pp.529-540
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• 2020

The objective of this research paper is to study the simultaneous relationship between fiscal decentralization, corruption, and income inequality among Vietnamese provinces. We use a balanced panel data set of 63 provinces/cities in Vietnam in the period from 2011 to 2018. The study used 3SLS-GMM (Three Stage Least Squares - Generalized Method of Moments estimator) and GMM-HAC (Generalized Method of Moments - Heteroskedastic and Autocorrelation Consistent estimator). Empirical evidence shows a strong simultaneous relationship: increased corruption will increase regional income disparities, income inequality, and increase fiscal decentralization. In addition, the results also suggest that an increase in per-capita income will reduce the level of corruption, or better control corruption of each province. The degree of increase in income inequality, which reduces fiscal decentralization, is the same for trade liberalization. All demonstrate that there is a simultaneous relationship between fiscal decentralization, corruption, and income inequality. In a region of high public governance quality, fiscal decentralization positively effects its economic growth. This issue will indirectly increase income inequality between provinces within a country. Our findings imply that a country's fiscal decentralization strategy should be linked to improving corruption control and local governance effectiveness, indirectly improving income inequality between localities or regions.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.77-91
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• 2020

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examines the effect of corruption pressure in host country on sequential investment. The study further investigates how the information acquisition capacity of MNEs and the political tie in the host country had a moderating effect on the relationship between corruption and sequential investment. Design/methodology/approach - Ordered logistic regression is hired to analyze 1,260 MNEs' sequential investment in Vietnam. Findings - The empirical results of this study demonstrate the more MNEs perceive the strong level of pressure to be corrupt in the local market, the less they are likely to invest. The information acquisition capacity of MNEs has been shown to mitigate the negative effects of corruption pressures on sequential investments, while the moderating effect of political tie in host country is partially supported. Research implications or Originality - This study identified that the corruption pressures of host countries negatively affect not only MNEs that are entering, but also the ones that have already entered host countries; the corruption discourages any sequential investment for existing MNEs. By suggesting two moderating variables, this study will provide managerial implications for MNEs and managers who face corruption pressure in host countries.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.316-322
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• 2021

The problem of corruption and the spread of corruption crime today is not only one of the main social problems, but also an obstacle to the implementation of reforms in Ukraine. Given the complexity, scale and diversity of the impact of corruption, it is an undisputed threat to national security. At the state level, corruption threatens, firstly, state security as a result of its spread in public authorities and the combination of political and business spheres; secondly, in the domestic political sphere as a result of non-compliance and violation by officials of public authorities and local governments of the laws of Ukraine; thirdly, in the economic sphere as a result of the dominance of personal interests of civil servants over national ones; fourthly, in other spheres, namely, military, social, ecological, informational, foreign policy, etc. The origins of corruption are diverse and are formed not only in the country but also abroad. The current corruption threat is the result of the country's ineffective domestic and foreign anticorruption policies. Acceleration of the spread and manifestation of external corruption threats is associated with a number of unresolved foreign policy issues against the background of the development of globalization and integration processes, in particular: economic and financial dependence of the country on international financial institutions and organizations; as well as from foreign countries that pose a potential threat due to their ambitious plans to expand our country; unresolved issues regarding the international legal consolidation of borders, etc. It is noted that the current conditions for the development of state security, due to new challenges and threats, need to improve and implement new measures to prevent corruption as a negative impact of the main threats to national economic security. As a result of the study, the main measures to counter the main threats to the economic security of the state were identified.

• 의정연구
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.141-177
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• 2019

본 연구는 법체계(legal system)를 중심으로 국가 간 부패인식수준의 차이를 설명한 선행연구를 비판적으로 검토하고 역사 결정론적 성격을 완화한 법문화(legal culture) 개념에 주목했다. 사법문화를 자국 사법체계에 대한 시민들의 공유된 인식으로 정의하고, 이를 사법서비스에 대한 접근성과 법원(재판)의 공정성에 대한 시민인식으로 포착하여 국가 간 부패수준의 차이를 설명하고자 했다. 78개국을 대상으로 한 교차국가분석을 통해 1) 법원(재판)의 공정성이 부패인식의 국가 간 차이를 일관되고 통계적으로 유의하게 설명하고 있다는 점과 2) 사법서비스에 대한 접근성은 국가 간 부패인식수준의 차이를 설명하지 못한다는 점을 확인했다. 연구결과가 갖는 정책적 함의는 부패방지뿐만 아니라 광의의 사법정의 실현을 위한 개혁의 초점은 법조서비스의 공급측면보다는 법관의 중립성과 독립성을 저해하는 관행과 제도의 개선에 두어야 한다는 점이다. 아울러 사법문화의 요체가 자국 사법시스템에 대한 시민들의 공유된 인식이라고 정의한 바와 같이, 본 연구는 평등하고 공정한 사법절차에 대한 폭넓고 견고한 시민의식이 "공권력의 사적 오·남용인 부패"를 방지하는 필수 불가결의 사법문화임을 주장한다.