• 제목/요약/키워드: Corrosion in chloride environment

검색결과 204건 처리시간 0.023초

중성화와 염해를 고려한 콘크리트의 복합열화 예측 (Prediction of Deterioration Process for Concrete Considering Combined Deterioration of Carbonation and Chlorides Ion)

  • 이창수;윤인석
    • 콘크리트학회논문집
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    • 제15권6호
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    • pp.902-912
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    • 2003
  • 전 세계적으로 콘크리트 구조물의 열화를 발생하는 가장 중요한 원인은 중성화와 염소이온이다. 대체적으로 많은 콘크리트 구조물에서 염소이온과 중성화로 인하여 철근이 부식되며 이에 대한 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 실구조물의 상황은 염소이온과 중성화가 복합적으로 발생함에도 불구하고 많은 연구들이 각각의 단일열화에 대한 연구가 이루어지고 있으며 복합열화에 대한 연구는 매우 드문 상황이다. 본 연구는 2중 복합 매체에 대한 확산모델을 이용하여 중성화된 콘크리트의 염소이온 프로파일을 예측하고자 하였다. 실험결과에 의하여 중성화 깊이로부터 3∼5 mm영역에 염소이온의 농축현상이 발생하였으며 2중 복합 구조체에 적용할 수 있는 확산 방정식에 중성화된 콘크리트와 비중성화된 콘크리트의 시간의존적인 염소이온 확산 계수를 고려하여 내구수명예측에 반영하였다.

신뢰성이론에 기반한 해양환경 콘크리트의 내구수명 평가 (Reliability-Based Service Life Estimation of Concrete in Marine Environment)

  • 김기현;차수원
    • 콘크리트학회논문집
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.595-603
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    • 2010
  • 염소이온 침투를 받는 해양환경 콘크리트의 확률기반 내구수명 예측을 위해 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션 방법이 많이 사용된다. 그러나 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션 방법은 해석에 매우 긴 시간이 소요되며 해석결과도 매번 다른 결과를 준다. 이에 비해 신뢰성해석에 자주 사용되는 모멘트법은 계산에 소요되는 시간의 거의 없고, 동일문제에 대해서는 항상 동일한 결과를 주는 장점이 있다. 이에 이 연구에서는 신뢰성이론의 모멘트법을 염소이온 침투에 대한 부식개시확률 산정에 적용하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 일계이차 모멘트법과 이계이차 모멘트법에 의한 파괴확률 산정 프로그램을 개발하였다. 개발된 해석 프로그램들을 사용한 예제해석을 통하여 일계이차 모멘트법에 비하여 이계이차 모멘트법이 더 정확한 부식개시확률 산정결과를 줌을 확인하였다. 또 부식개시확률에 미치는 각 확률변수의 영향을 평가하는 민감도 해석을 수행하였으며, 가장 큰 영향인자는 피복두께로 나타났다. 특히 피복두께의 변동계수 변화에 의한 영향이 평균값 변화에 의한 영향 보다 더욱 현저함을 확인하였다.

해양 환경하 콘크리트 교량의 염해환경 성능평가 연구 (A Study on the Evaluation of the Environmental Performance of Salt Damage in Concrete Bridges under Marine Environment)

  • 채원규;이명구;손영현;홍성욱
    • 한국안전학회지
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    • 제33권5호
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    • pp.60-69
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    • 2018
  • This study aims to investigate in the assessment of salt damage conditions in concrete structures under marine environment conditions. It aims also to improve the durability of new concrete bridge through applying the life prediction method of salt damaged bridges. As measuring chloride contents of these bridges on the southwest coastal area, it is shown that the average amount of chloride on these surfaces close to shore is $10.5kg/m^3$. This figure is much higher than that of the Standard Specification for Concrete($1.5kg/m^3{\sim}2.5kg/m^3$). In contrast, it is shown the average amount of chloride on these surfaces in tide zone is $13.1kg/m^3$. Its figure is much lower than that of the Standard Specification for Concrete($20kg/m^3$). And the life of bridges is estimated about 17 years. To improve the durability for salt damage, these bridges are applied to surface treatment method which the replacement rate of furnace slag is 60%. Under this condition, it is expected to be 110 years. Consequently, it is clear that the use of slag replacement rate, surface treatment agent, and anti-corrosion agent to control chloride penetration effects of a submerge-based concrete bridge will be required.

해안환경에 노출된 콘크리트의 비래염분 침투 특성 (Penetration Properties of Airborne Chlorides on Concrete Exposed in Marine Environment)

  • 이종석;안기홍
    • 콘크리트학회논문집
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    • 제24권5호
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    • pp.553-558
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    • 2012
  • 대기 중의 비래염분은 해풍에 의해 내륙으로 이동되고 해안 인근 콘크리트 구조물의 표면에 부착하여 내부로 침투하게 된다. 비래염분 환경에 있는 콘크리트 구조물의 표면염분량은 비래염분량에 의해 영향을 받기 때문에 비래염분량의 분포 특성에 따라 표면염분량도 변화하는 경향이 있다. 따라서, 비래염분 환경 하의 구조물은 해수에 직접접하는 구조물과 달리 표면부의 염분량을 예측하기가 상대적으로 어렵고, 침투되는 경향 또한 다르기 때문에 이에 대한 결과를 얻는것은 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 따라서, 이 연구에서는 비래염분 환경에서 콘크리트 표면으로부터 내부로 침투하는 염분을 표면염분량과 침투 염분량으로 구분하여 그 특성을 파악하였다. 이를 위하여 콘크리트 시험체를 제작하여 해안 현장에서 옥외노출실험을 3년간 실시하였으며, 노출기간 1년과 2년, 3년차에서 시험체를 회수하여 표면염분량 및 표면으로부터 깊이별 비래염분 침투량을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 콘크리트의 표면조도에 따라 표면염분량의 차이가 발생하였으며, 강우의 영향을 받지 않은 경우 더 많은 표면염분량이 존재하였다. 침투 염분량은 대기중의 비래염분량 및 노출기간에 따라 차이가 발생하였으며, 장기재령으로 갈수록 표면부보다 콘크리트 내부에서 많은 염분량을 나타내는 경향이 두드러졌다.

콘크리트 환경에서 ZnO의 철근 부식 억제에 관한 연구 (Studies on the influence of zinc oxide as an inhibitor for the corrosion of mild steel in simulated concrete environments)

  • 하태현;배정효;이현구;김대경;하윤철
    • 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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    • pp.1873-1875
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    • 2005
  • The effect of zinc oxide as an inhibitor for the corrosion of steel in concrete environment was studied by weight loss measurements, potential-time behaviour and anodic polarization technique. The salient features of the investigation were: in 100% OPC extracts, the passivity of steel was readily destroyed, however extracts containing various concentration of zinc oxide, the passivity of steel was maintained even in the presence of 30,000 ppm of chloride. Alkalinity of concrete was maintained by the addition of zinc oxide. The efficiency of the inhibitor was found to increase with increasing inhibitor concentration. Addition of zinc oxide in the range 3 to 4% by weight of cement was sufficient to protect the rebars.

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Fuzzy inference based cover thickness estimation of reinforced concrete structure quantitatively considering salty environment impact

  • Do, Jeong-Yun
    • Computers and Concrete
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    • 제3권2_3호
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    • pp.145-161
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    • 2006
  • This article involves architecting prototype-fuzzy expert system for designing the nominal cover thickness by means of fuzzy inference for quantitatively representing the environment affecting factor to reinforced concrete in chloride-induced corrosion environment. In this work, nominal cover thickness to reinforcement in concrete was determined by the sum of minimum cover thickness and tolerance to that defined from skill level, constructability and the significance of member. Several variables defining the quality of concrete and environment affecting factor (EAF) including relative humidity, temperature, cyclic wet and dry, and the distance from coast were treated as fuzzy variables. To qualify EAF the environment conditions of cycle degree of wet-dry, relative humidity, distance from coast and temperature were used as input variables. To determine the nominal cover thickness a qualified EAF, concrete grade, and watercement ratio were used. The membership functions of each fuzzy variable were generated from the engineering knowledge and intuition based on some references as well as some international codes of practice.

Corrosivity of Atmospheres in the Korean Peninsula

  • Kim, Y.S.;Lim, H.K.;Kim, J.J.;Park, Y.S.
    • Corrosion Science and Technology
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    • 제10권4호
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    • pp.109-117
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    • 2011
  • The Korean Peninsula is located in the middle latitude of the northern hemisphere and has a clear 4-seasons and shows the typical temperate climate. Because of seasonal winds, it is cold and dry by a northwestern wind in the winter and it is hot and humid by a southeast wind in the summer. Also, temperature difference between the winter and the summer is large and it shows a rainy season from June to July but recently this regular trend may be greatly changed by an unusual weather phenomena. Since the Peninsula is east high west low type, the climate is complicated too. Because these geographical and climate characteristics can affect the properties of corrosion of metals and alloys, a systematic research on atmospheric corrosion in the Peninsula is required to understand and control the corrosion behavior of the industrial facilities. This paper analyzed the atmospheric corrosion factors for several environments in the Korean Peninsula and categorized the corrosivity of atmospheric corrosion of metals and alloys on the base of the related ISO standards. Annual pH values of rain showed the range of 4.5~5.5 in Korean Peninsula from 1999 to 2009 and coastal area showed relatively the low pH's rain. Annual $SO_2$ concentrations is reduced with time and its concentrations of every major cities were below the air quality standard, but $NO_2$concentration revealed a steady state and its concentration of Seoul has been over air quality standard. In 2007, $SO_2$classes of each sites were in $P_0{\sim}P_1$, and chloride classes were in $S_0{\sim}S_1$, and TOW classes were in ${\tau}_3{\sim}{\tau}_4$.That is, $SO_2$ and chloride classes were low but TOW class was high in Korean Peninsula. On the base of these environmental classes, corrosivity of carbon steel, zinc, copper, aluminium can be calculated that carbon steel was in C2-C3 classes and it was classified as low-medium, and zinc, copper, and aluminium showed C3 class and it was classified as medium.

용접 재료 별 해수 배관 용접부위의 부식 특성에 관한 전기화학적 평가 (An Electrochemical Evaluation of the Corrosion Property on the Welded Zone of Sea Water Pipe according to Welding Materials)

  • 김진경;원창욱;조황래;이명훈;김윤해;문경만
    • 한국해양공학회지
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    • 제21권5호
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    • pp.39-46
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    • 2007
  • The sea water pipe of a ship's engine room is a severely corrosive environment caused by fast flawing sea water containing chloride ions and high conductivity. Therefore, leaking of sea water may occur as a result of local corrosion of the welded zone. Leaking is usually controlled by various welding methods. In this study, when the sea water pipe is welded with certain welding methods and welding electrodes, the corrosion resistance of WM (Welding metal) and HAZ (Heat affected zone) was investigated using electrochemical methods. Although the corrosion potential of the HAZ is higher than that of WM, the corrosion resistance of WM is superior to HAZ. However, when WM and HAZ are both opened to the sea water, the WM part with the anode was more seriously corroded than was the HAZ of the cathode by performance of a galvanic cell due to difference of the corrosion potential between HAZ and WM. In particular TIG welding showed relatively good results in corrosion resistance of both HAZ and WM compared to other welding methods.

탄산화 현상이 콘크리트 중의 염소이온 확산에 미치는 영향 연구 (Influence of Carbonation on the Chloride Diffusion in Concrete)

  • 오병환;이성규;이명규;정상화
    • 콘크리트학회논문집
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    • 제15권6호
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    • pp.829-839
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    • 2003
  • 최근 원전 구조물을 비롯한 해양에 인접한 콘크리트 구조물의 경우 외부의 염소이온 확산에 의한 철근 부식과 관련한 문제가 콘크리트의 내구성과 관련된 중요한 요인으로 인식되고 있으며, 이와 관련된 다양한 연구들이 국 내외 적으로 수행되고 있다. 그러나, 탄산화를 비롯한 복합열화 환경에서의 염소이온 확산에 대한 연구결과는 아직까지 미흡한 실정으로 본 연구에서는 이와 관련하여 탄산화 작용이 콘크리트 중의 염소이온 확산에 미치는 영향에 대한 실험적인 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구에서 수행한 5% 염화나트륨 용액 침지 및 10% $CO_2$ 촉진탄산화 반복실험 결과 콘크리트의 탄산화는 콘크리트 내부로의 염소이온 확산 정도를 증가시키는 것으로 나타났으며, 이것은 탄산화 영역에서 고정된 염소이온의 유리에 따른 염소이온 농도 구배의 증가 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 한편, 플라이애쉬를 혼입한 콘크리트의 경우 표면부에서 일정한 깊이까지는 촉진탄산화의 영향에 의한 높은 염소이온 침투량을 나타내지만 경계를 넘어선 영역에서는 플라이애쉬를 혼입하지 않은 경우와 거의 유사한 정도의 염소이온 침투량을 보였다. 본 연구를 통해 탄산화 작용이 콘크리트 내부로의 염소이온 침투에 미치는 영향과 관련한 기초적인 실험자료를 축적하였으며 향후 추가적인 연구를 통해 콘크리트 구조물의 내구수명을 산출하는데 기여를 할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

The Effect of Annealing Heat Treatment by Anodic Polarization Impedance Experiments for Cu-10%Ni Alloy

  • Lee, Sung-Yul;Moon, Kyung-Man;Jeong, Jae-Hyun;Lee, Myeong-Hoon;Baek, Tae-Sil
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • 제39권5호
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    • pp.536-541
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    • 2015
  • Copper has been used extensively as an electric wire or as a base material in various types of machineries owing to its good electrical and thermal conductivity and good fabricating property, as well as its good corrosion resistance compared to iron. Furthermore, the copper-nickel alloy has significant corrosion resistance in severely corrosive environments. Although, cupro-nickel alloy shows better corrosion resistance than the brass and bronze series, this alloy also corroded in severely corrosive environments, including aggressive chloride ions, dissolved oxygen, and condition of fast flowing seawater. In this study, and annealing treatment at various annealing temperatures was carried out on the cupro-nickel (Cu-10%Ni) alloy, and the effects of annealing were investigated using electrochemical methods, such as measuring the polarization and impedance behaviors under flowing seawater conditions. The corrosion resistance increased by annealing compared to non heat treatment in the absence of flowing seawater. In particular, the sample annealed at $200^{\circ}C$ exhibited the best corrosion resistance. The impedance in the presence of flowing seawater showed higher values than in the absence of flowing seawater. Furthermore, the highest impedances was observed in the sample annealed at $800^{\circ}C$, irrespective of the present of flowing seawater. Consequently, the corrosion resistance of cupro-nickel (Cu-10%Ni) alloy in a severely corrosive environment can be improved somewhat by annealing.