• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.465-470
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• 2020

복합 소재는 금속보다 가벼운 특성을 가져 경량화가 필수인 항공 산업에 널리 사용되고 있다. 하지만 복합소재는 생산 공정 중 내부 보이드 형성, 접착제 혼합 불량, 미접착 부분 발생 등 결함 요소가 발생할 수 있고, 저 에너지 충격에 의한 미세균열 및 층간분리가 발생할 위험이 있다. 그러므로 구조물 손상검사가 필수적으로 요구된다. 이에 FBG를 이용한 구조 건전성 모니터링이 주목받고 있다. FBG는 기존의 전기적 센서에 비해 전기적 노이즈 영향을 받지 않고 부식에 강하며 멀티플렉싱이 가능하다는 장점이 있다. 하지만 FBG를 계측하는 인터로게이터는 대형 구조물 계측을 전제로 만들었기 때문에 가격이 고가이며, 크기가 큰 단점이 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 광 스위치와 WDM필터, LTF를 이용해 무인항공기나 소형항공기에 사용할 수 있도록 저가형 인터로게이터를 설계하여, 기존의 고가 인터로게이터와 비교를 진행하였다.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.29-42
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• 2022

In mountainous areas of China, concrete poles with connectors are widely employed in power transmission due to its convenience of manufacture and transportation. The bearing capacity of the poles must have degenerated over time, and most of the steel connectors have been corroded. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) offers a durable, light-weight alternative in strengthening those poles that have served for many years. In this paper, the bearing capacity and failure mechanism of CFRP sheet strengthened existing reinforced concrete poles with corrosion steel connectors were investigated. Four poles were selected to conduct flexural capacity test. Two poles were strengthened by single-layer longitudinal CFRP sheet, one pole was strengthened by double-layer longitudinal CFRP sheets and the last specimen was not strengthened. Results indicate that the failure is mainly bond failure between concrete and the external CFRP sheet, and the specimens fail in a brittle pattern. The cross-sectional strains of specimens approximately follow the plane section assumption in the early stage of loading, but the strain in the tensile zone no longer conforms to this assumption when the load approaches the failure load. Also, bearing capacity and stiffness of the strengthened specimens are much larger than those without CFRP sheet. The bearing capacity, initial stiffness and elastic-plastic stiffness of specimen strengthened by double-layer CFRP are larger than those strengthened by single-layer CFRP. Weighting the cost-effective effect, it is more economical and reasonable to strengthen with single-layer CFRP sheet. The results can provide a reference to the same type of poles for strengthening design.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2022

The cable component of cable-stayed bridges is gradually impacted by weather conditions, vehicle loads, and material corrosion. The stayed cable is a critical load-carrying part that closely affects the operational stability of a cable-stayed bridge. Damaged cables might lead to the bridge collapse due to their tension capacity reduction. Thus, it is necessary to develop structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques that accurately identify damaged cables. In this work, a combinational identification method of three efficient techniques, including statistical analysis, clustering, and neural network models, is proposed to detect the damaged cable in a cable-stayed bridge. The measured dataset from the bridge was initially preprocessed to remove the outlier channels. Then, the theory and application of each technique for damage detection were introduced. In general, the statistical approach extracts the parameters representing the damage within time series, and the clustering approach identifies the outliers from the data signals as damaged members, while the deep learning approach uses the nonlinear data dependencies in SHM for the training model. The performance of these approaches in classifying the damaged cable was assessed, and the combinational identification method was obtained using the voting ensemble. Finally, the combination method was compared with an existing outlier detection algorithm, support vector machines (SVM). The results demonstrate that the proposed method is robust and provides higher accuracy for the damaged cable detection in the cable-stayed bridge.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2018

Samples of anodic oxide film used in semiconductor and display manufacturing processes were prepared at different electrolyte temperatures to investigate the corrosion resistance. The anodic oxide film was grown on aluminum alloy 6061 by using a sulfuric acid ($H_2SO_4$) electrolyte of 1.5 M at $0^{\circ}C$, $5^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$, and $20^{\circ}C$. The insulating properties of the samples were evaluated by measuring the breakdown voltage, which gradually increased from 0.43 kV ($0^{\circ}C$) to 0.52 kV ($5^{\circ}C$), 1.02 kV ($10^{\circ}C$), and 1.46 kV ($15^{\circ}C$) as the electrolyte temperature was increased from $0^{\circ}C$ to $15^{\circ}C$, but then decreased to 1.24 kV ($20^{\circ}C$). To evaluate the erosion of the film by fluorine plasma, the plasma erosion and the contamination particles were measured. The plasma erosion was evaluated by measuring the breakdown voltage after exposing the film to $CF_4/O_2/Ar$ and $NF_3/O_2/Ar$ plasmas. With exposure to $CF_4/O_2/Ar$ plasma, the breakdown voltage of the film slightly decreased at $0^{\circ}C$, by 0.41 kV; however, the breakdown voltage significantly decreased at $20^{\circ}C$, by 0.83 kV. With exposure to $NF_3/O_2/Ar$ plasma, the breakdown voltage of the film slightly decreased at $0^{\circ}C$, by 0.38 kV; however, the breakdown voltage significantly decreased at $20^{\circ}C$, by 0. 77 kV. In addition, for the entire temperature range, the breakdown voltage decreased more when sample was exposed to $NF_3/O_2/Ar$ plasma than to $CF_4/O_2/Ar$ plasma. The decrease of the breakdown voltage was lower in the anodic oxide film samples that were grown slowly at lower temperatures. The rate of breakdown voltage decrease after exposure to fluorine plasma was highest at $20^{\circ}C$, indicating that the anodic oxide film was most vulnerable to erosion by fluorine plasma at that temperature. Contamination particles generated by exposure to the $CF_4/O_2/Ar$ and $NF_3/O_2/Ar$ plasmas were measured on a real-time basis. The number of contamination particles generated after the exposure to the respective plasmas was lower at $5^{\circ}C$ and higher at $0^{\circ}C$. In particular, for the entire temperature range, about five times more contamination particles were generated with exposure to $NF_3/O_2/Ar$ plasma than for exposure to $CF_4/O_2/Ar$ plasma. Observation of the surface of the anodic oxide film showed that the pore size and density of the non-treated film sample increased with the increase of the temperature. The change of the surface after exposure to fluorine plasma was greatest at $0^{\circ}C$. The generation of contamination particles by fluorine plasma exposure for the anodic oxide film prepared in the present study was different from that of previous aluminum anodic oxide films.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.62-73
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• 2003

The study was to apply a mat style reed planting method at confluence to improve plants growth conditions by relaxing disturbed topographical base due to water flow and was intended to review the effect to build up a vegetation strip by monitoring process after the construction. First off, We've attempted to construct reed mats on selected sites as confluences of Tan and Gaehwa stream and then examined and analyzed characteristics of soil and vegetation community. As the results of the examination, the soil texture was proven to be a mix of sand and loamy sand and be 6.3 ~ 7.0 soil pH. In addition, it contained 1.0 ~ 4.6% of organic matter, 0.04 ~ 0.22% of T-N and 27.8 ~ 41.2% of water content. For its vegetation structure, the Tan stream confluence was first actually a point bar without plants prior to the construction but 8 kinds of hygrophytes including Persicaria hydropiper and 9 kinds of terrestrial plants such as Potentilla supina, Artemisia annua, and Alopecurus aequalis var. amurensis. On the other hand, the Gaehwa stream confluence contained 6 kinds of hygrophytes such as Bidens frondosa and other 11 kinds of terrestrial plants prior to the construction while it produced 7 kinds of hygrophytes including Ranunculus ternatus as well as Phragmites australis and 9 kinds of terrestrial plants such as Potentilla supina after the construction. For the Phragmites australis, almost of them was weathered away in early days just after planting because of development period passed, but on May, six months later from planting, it was investigated that its length was approximated as 65 ~ 85cm with 75% coverage and that the number of it was 437 ~ 633/$m^2$. The study was shown that reed mats can improve environmental conditions of disturbed topographical base, enabling natural growth of various riparian vegetation including the introduced plant, reed. In the meantime, it was supposedly judged that to recover or build up a vegetarian strip, supplementary materials should be prepared to help produce and grow plants because it is not probable to expect river drift by water flow at confluence and that corrosion, burying or inundation owing to changes of water lever should be considered.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2012

본 연구는 자연형 경관석 GFRC를 대상으로 성능기준을 설정하기 위해 국내 외 성능관련 문헌 및 사례 등의 고찰을 통해 요구성능인 재료성능, 구조안전성능, 내구성능, 경관성능의 항목을 40인의 전문가 설문을 통해 선정하였고, 검증된 항목 및 성능기준을 제안하였다. 전문가 설문을 통해 요구 성능 중 재료성능(유리섬유 함유율, 기건비중), 구조안전성능(휨강도, 압축강도) 그리고 내구성능(균열, 내부식성), 경관성능(질감, 백화)을 각각 선정하였다. 기준이 존재하는 재료성능과 구조안전성능의 경우, 시험을 거쳐 기존 기준사례와 비교하여 최종 성능평가기준을 제시하였으며, 기준이 존재하지 않은 내구성능과 경관성능은 기 시공된 인공폭포 등의 경관조형물을 대상으로 현지조사를 통해 직접 측정하여 검증하였다. 본 연구에서는 재료성능, 구조안전성능, 내구성능, 경관성능 등 자연형 경관석 GFRC의 재료 및 시공 후 평가 가능한 항목에 대한 성능기준을 제안하였으나, 추후 시공사례지에 대한 지속적인 모니터링을 통해 최근에 대두되고 있는 친환경적이고, 생태적인 성능기준에 관한 후속 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.87-97
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• 2000

국내에서 최초로 개발된 기본훈련기 KT-1의 추진기관인 터보프롭 엔진(PT6A-62)을 위한 정상상태 성능모사 덴 진단 프로그램을 개발하였다. 개발된 정상상태 성능해석 프로그램의 검증을 위해 해석 결과를 엔진 제작사에서 제공한 성능 데이터 및 가스터빈 엔진의 성능 모사 프로그램으로 잘 알려진 GASTURB와 비교하였다. 개발된 정상상태 성능해석 프로그램의 검증을 위해 해석 결과를 엔진 제작사에서 제공한 성능 데이터 및 가스터빈 엔진의 성능 모사 프로그램으로 잘 알려진 GASTURB와 비교하였다. 개발된 프로그램의 유용성을 검증하기 위해 다양한 고도, 비행마하수, 부분부하에서의 성능을 해석하였다. GPA(Gas Pess Analysis) 방법은 엔진의 성능 저하를 구성품 효율의 저하와 공기유량의 변화량으로 나타내는 방법이다. 오염, 부식, 침식과 같은 물리적 손상을 탐지하기 위한 최적의 계측변수 선정을 위해 GPA 방법은 유용하다. 본 연구에서는 최적의 계측변수를 선정하기 위해 2가지 방법을 이용하였다 하나는 독립변수의 수를 다르게 하여 계측기 수가 진단에 미치는 영향을 알아보았으며 다음 종속변수의 종류가 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 해석 결과에 따르면 압축기 입구 온도 및 압력, 압축기 터빈 입구 온도 및 압력, 동력 터빈 입구의 온도 및 압력과 축마력, 연료유량 등을 측정하여 진단에 이용하는 것이 가장 오차가 적었다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2024

프리스트레스트 콘크리트(PSC) 교량은 긴장재 부식과 파단에 취약하며, 특히 내부 포스트텐션 형식을 사용하는 구조물은 내부 긴장재 조사의 한계로 유지관리에 어려움이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 고속도로 교량의 약 35%를 차지하는 PSC I 거더교의 트럭 재하 실험을 통하여 긴장재 손상에 따른 실제 거동을 분석하고 유지관리 전략을 제시하고자 하였다. 대상 PSC I 거더교는 고속도로의 폐교량이며, 상·하행교량의 공용기간은 각각 33년, 20년이다. 단부 및 중앙부 등 긴장재 손상 위치와 정적 및 동적, 거더별 하중 재하 방법에 따라 처짐과 콘크리트 변형률을 계측하였다. 교량의 노후화와 관계없이 긴장재 손상이 거더 중앙부에 가까울수록 교량의 구조 성능은 감소하였다. 트럭 하중이 긴장재 절단이 발생한 거더에 근접될수록 거동의 변화가 증가하였다. 긴장재 절단 인접거더에 하중이 재하 될 경우 교량 전체 구조계의 영향으로 구조적 성능은 유지 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 거더 중앙부 긴장재가 절단된 경우 처짐의 변화량은 육안 관찰이 어려운 수준인 반면, 절단 위치의 콘크리트 변형률은 균열발생 변형률을 초과하였다. 따라서 향후 PSC I 거더교의 모니터링 및 유지관리 시에 콘크리트 변형률 또는 균열에 중점을 두는 것이 효율적이라 판단된다.