• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between the medial joint space on weight bearing simple X-ray and the ultrasonographic articular cartilage thickness. Materials and Methods: The articular cartilage thickness of 91 osteoarthritic knees of 73 patients were measured with weight bearing simple X-ray and ultrasonography between June 2010 and September 2010. Male were 13 and female were 60. Right knees were 35, left knees were 20 and bilateral involvements were 18. Medial joint spaces on X-ray were measured in full extension view and $45^{\circ}$ PA(Rosenberg) view. Femoral cartilage thicknesses at and those at the point between the middle 1/3 and posterior 1/3 area were measured by ultrasonography, that were scanned coronally at $30^{\circ}$ flexion and $130^{\circ}$ flexion respectively. The results were analyzed statistically by Pearson correlation test and Bland-Altman plot test. Results: Medial joint spaces measured in full extension view and femoral articular cartilage thicknesses at the point between the anterior 1/3 and middle 1/3 area measured with sonography were statistically correlated and medial joint spaces measured in $45^{\circ}$ PA view and those at the point between the middle 1/3 and posterior 1/3 area measured with sonography were also correlated (P<0.05, $SD{\pm}2$). Conclusion: The measurement of articular cartilage thicknesses by the ultrasonography was easy even in the patient who are unable to take weight bearing view and was thought to be a useful diagnostic and follow up method to examine the degenerative change in addition to simple radiographic examination in the knee osteoarthritis.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.238-252
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• 2015

The effect of weir construction (2009~2011) was investigated on algal bloom dynamics and surrounding conditions in the Youngsan River by analyzing the long-term (2001~2014) data provided by the Water Information System, Ministry of Environment. The data include chlorophyll a and water properties such as total suspended solids (TSS), ammonium ($NH_4{^+}$), nitrate ($NO_3{^-}$), orthophosphate ($PO{_4}^{3-}$), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and DIN/DIP molar ratio collected from 12 stations along the channel of the river. Temporal variations were examined using data collected monthly from 2001~2014 and Box-Whisker plot was used to examine the difference in algal bloom dynamics between before (2006~2008) and after (2012~2014) the weir construction. Pearson's correlation analysis was also used to analyze the correlation of parameters. The results showed that TSS affecting water turbidity increased during the construction but decreased especially at the stations located in the upper and middle regions of the river after the construction. Ammonium concentrations increased whereas the concentrations of other nutrients decreased after the construction inducing an increase in N:P molar ratio. Chlorophyll a decreased suddenly during the construction but increased clearly after the construction at the stations where TSS decreased. This indicates that algal blooms can develop in the Youngsan River due to a decrease in turbidity that increases light penetration in water column although the concentrations of nutrients such as orthophosphate were reduced after the weir construction.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.189-194
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• 1994

This experiment was conducted to obtain basic information on the improved methods of soil physico-chemical properties and sweet potato yield cultivated on a newly-reclaimed land, a Songjeong loam soil. The crop was cultivated under the six different treatments for 4years since 1985 in the field conditions. Annual changes of soil properties and sweet potato yield were investigated and analyzed. Soil bulk density increased from the second year, and also soil hardness of topsoil increased, but that of subsoil had not tendency. Average yield of sweet potato for 4years in the integrated improvement plot was 32.68ton/ha, which is increased by 59% in comparison to that of the control plot. Crop yield was in order of integrated improvement>phosphate>subsoiling>lime>compost>control plots. The soil properties of the topsoil which showed high correlation coefficient to sweet potato yield were bulk density, hardness and cation exchange capacity(CEC), and those of the subsoil were bulk density, soil moisture and CEC. Ratios of changes of soil properties except organic matter content showed high significancy to sweet potato yield. Soil physico-chemical properties of the 4th year without soil conditioners application were worse than those of 3rd year.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.465-469
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• 1986

This study was conducted to investigate the proper fertilizer application level and top-dressing method of Lycium chinense MILL in 1984 and 1985. The results obtained were summerized as follows; Stem length was 4cm longer, leaf area was 45-490$\textrm{cm}^2$ larger, dry matter weight per plant was 1.6-5g heavier and average yield of dry fruit of two years was higher as 183kg per l0a in double amount of potassium( 14kg/l0a) application than in standard level of potassium(7kg/l0a). Highly positive correlation was found between absorption amount of inorganic elements of phosporus(l%), nitrogen, potassium(5%) and dry matter weight. Proper fertilizer application level was 13.8kg(N), 14.2kg(P) and 14.3kg(K) per l0a. Dry fruit yield of top-dress-ing plot was 20% heigher than that of basal dressing plot through increase of leaf area per plant and dry matter weight per plant.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 1990

To elucidate the influence of nitrogen application rate on cool tolerance at the booting stage and respiratory activity of anther at the heading stage in the rice plants, the relationships among nitrogen content in the leaf blade and leaf sheath+culm at young microspore stage, cool tolerance at the booting stage and respiratory activity of anther at the heading stage were investigated for 3 rice cultivars-Yeomyungbyeo, Unbongbyeo and Milyang 23. Nitrogen content in the leaf blade at the young microspore stage was negatively correlated with respiratory rate of anther at the heading stage and fertility index, respectively. Respiratory activity of anther at the heading stage with 10ppm nitrogen application was higher than that of anther with 100ppm nitrogen application. On the Arrhenius plot of respiratory activity of anther at the heading stage, Yeomyungbyeo and Unbongbyeo showed a break at 18$^{\circ}C$ and 18.5$^{\circ}C$, respectively, with 100ppm nitrogen application, but did not show a break in respiratory activity of anther with 10ppm nitrogen application, while Milyang 23 showed a break at 20.5$^{\circ}C$ and 21$^{\circ}C$ with 10ppm and 100ppm nitrogen application, respectively. The highest correlation coefficient between fertility and respiratory rate of anther at the heading stage was shown at 20$^{\circ}C$ in the temperature range of 15$^{\circ}C$-30$^{\circ}C$.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.225-234
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• 1971

With the advance of civilization and steadily increasing population rivalry and competition for the use of the sewage, culverts, farm irrigation and control of various types of flood discharge have developed and will be come more and more keen in the future. The author has tried to calculated a formula that could adjust these conflicts and bring about proper solutions for many problems arising in connection with these conditions. The purpose of this study is to find out effective sewage, culvert, drainage, farm irrigation, flood discharge and other engineering needs in the Taegu area. If demands expand further a new formula will have to be calculated. For the above the author estimated methods of control for the probable expected rainfall using a formula based on data collected over a long period of time. The formula is determined on the basis of the maximum daily rainfall data from 1921 to 1971 in the Taegu area. 1. Iwai methods shows a highly significant correlation among the variations of Hazen, Thomas, Gumbel methods and logarithmic normal distribution. 2. This study obtained the following major formula: ${\log}(x-2.6)=0.241{\xi}+1.92049{\cdots}{\cdots}$(I.M) by using the relation $F(x)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\pi}}{\int}_{-{\infty}}^{\xi}e^{-{\xi}^2}d{\xi}$. ${\xi}=a{\log}_{10}\(\frac{x+b}{x_0+b}\)$ ($-b<x<{\infty}$) ${\log}(x_0+b)=2.0448$ $\frac{1}{a}=\sqrt{\frac{2N}{N-1}}S_x=0.1954$. $b=\frac{1}{m}\sum\limits_{i=1}^{m}b_s=-2.6$ $S_x=\sqrt{\frac{1}{N}\sum\limits^N_{i=1}\{{\log}(x_i+b)\}^2-\{{\log}(x_0+b)\}^2}=0.169$ This formule may be advantageously applicable to the estimation of flood discharge, sewage, culverts and drainage in the Taegu area. Notation for general terms has been denoted by the following. Other notations for general terms was used as needed. $W_{(x)}$ : probability of occurranec, $W_{(x)}=\int_{x}^{\infty}f_{(n)}dx$ $S_{(x)}$ : probability of noneoccurrance. $S_{(x)}=\int_{-\infty}^{x}f_(x)dx=1-W_{(x)}$ T : Return period $T=\frac{1}{nW_{(x)}}$ or $T=\frac{1}{nS_{(x)}}$ $W_n$ : Hazen plot $W_n=\frac{2n-1}{2N}$ $F_n=1-W_x=1-\(\frac{2n-1}{2N}\)$ n : Number of observation (annual maximum series) P : Probability $P=\frac{N!}{{t!}(N-t)}F{_i}^{N-t}(1-F_i)^t$ $F_n$ : Thomas plot $F_n=\(1-\frac{n}{N+1}\)$ N : Total number of sample size $X_l$ : $X_s$ : maximum, minumum value of total number of sample size.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.333-342
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• 1983

A pot experiment was conducted to find out the effect of application amounts of silicates on the fatty acid and sterol composition of paddy rice at various growing stages. The results obtained were as follows; 1. At maximum tillering stage and heading stage, significant positive correlations were obtained between the ratio of unsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid and silica absorption, dry matter or grain yield, respectively. But significant correlation was not observed between them at harvesting time. 2. At maximum tillering stage and heading stage, the ratio of unsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid in paddy rice was increased with increasing silica application from 80 to 180 ppm of soil, but these ratio was decreased at the plot of 200Kg/10a of silicate. 3. The ratio of sitosterol to stigmasterol in paddy rice at maximum tillering stage was increased with increasing silica application of soil, but these ratio was increased with increasing silica application up to 180 ppm of soil at heading stage, and was decreased at the plot of 200Kg/10a (410 ppm in soil) application of silicates.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.1233-1237
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• 2001

A study was conducted to determine the effects of maturity at harvest and wilting days on the quality of round baled rye (Secale cereale L.) silage. This study was a $3{\times}3$ factorial arrangement in a split plot design with 3 replicates. The main plot was 3 harvesting dates at the stage of boot (20 Apr.), heading (29 Apr.) and flowering (14 May). The subplot was wilting day : 0 (unwilted), 0.5 and 1 day (0, 1, and 2 days at boot stage). Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents of rye silage were significantly greater than those of rye before ensiling, but crude protein (CP) content and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were vice versa. Buffering capacity (BC) of rye harvested at flowering stage was decreased from 264 to 202 meq/kg at 1 day wilting, however, it was increased when harvested at boot or heading stage. The pH in wilted silage was the highest while that of flowering stage was the lowest. Water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content of wilting rye was lower than that of unwilted, and the lowest at late harvesting stage. All plots had minimal WSC content for silage fermentation. Wilting treatment and delayed harvesting date caused an increase in dry matter (DM) content of round bale silage. The content of ammonia-N expressed as a portion of total N showed negative correlation with DM content. High quality silage according to ammonia-N content could be obtained from mid-harvest with wilting. There were highly significant differences in each organic acid between harvesting dates and wilting periods. Acetic and butyric acid contents were increased with delayed harvesting and prolonged wilting period, the lactic acid content, however, was decreased. This study demonstrated that harvest of rye from heading to flowering stage with wilting would be a recommendable method for making high quality rye silage using round bale system.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.265-274
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• 2012

This study aims to examine the physical language of dance art's acceptability of the discourse method of story-telling as a narrative discourse system from the view of story-telling of cultural contents. Dance, through the establishment of relationship between dancers and stage art, can form a discourse system with various literary devices including figures of speech, metaphors, and symbols. The argument over manifestation of dance's narrative components in the concept of story-telling is shown as follows; the background as an object can offer time and spatial backgrounds through stage art and the dancers' performance elements; and, for the character, the dancer himself can be the first-person-narrator and possibly makes plane personality descriptions. As for the elements of main affairs of dance, the stage art components present the background of primary motif of incident and the dancer's diverse relationships form conflicts through the correlation of solo dance, duet, and group dance. The plot as a process of developing the main affair is led by actant such as the dancer's mime actions, gestures, facial expressions, etc. The element of dance's revealing narration is the dance art itself and the developing structure of narration is the dance language's own grammar. Choreographers should compose persuasive dance texts to convey stories efficiently through character decisions, their actions, stage art's elements that display the time and spatial backgrounds, and the development of plot, as a narrative discourse of dance.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 1997

Bupleurum falcatum is one of the oldest medicinal crop spontaneously generated as well as cultivated by man and successfully grown during the summer season in Korea. This study was conducted to examine the effect of planting density in the row spacing and hill spacing system using machine seeder on major agronomic traits, yield and labor saving. In 1993 and 1994, a spilt plot design was used with row spacing as the main plot and hill spacing as subplot. Labor saving efficency of the machine seeder reduced 96% than the hand seeding in sowing time required. Number of seeding stand increased, but stem height and number of nodes did not affect with different density in each row and hill spacing. There were reduced with narrow hill spacing on stem diameter, number of branches, shoot weight and root traits. There was no significant interaction between row and hill spacing for any major traits studied except shoot weight. Yield was more increase at 20cm than at 30cm row spacing. For these studies the optiomum density appears to be between drilling or 5cm hill spacing with 20cm row spacing. A highly significant positive correlation was appeared between number of seedling stand and root yield.