• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.44 no.7
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• pp.745-754
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• 2012

The correlations between Large Early Release Frequency (LERF) and Early Fatality need to be investigated for risk-informed application and regulation. In Regulatory Guide (RG) -1.174, while there are decision-making criteria using the measures of Core Damage Frequency (CDF) and LERF, there are no specific criteria on LERF. Since there are both huge uncertainties and large costs needed in off-site consequence calculation, a LERF assessment methodology needs to be developed, and its correlation factor needs to be identified, for risk-informed decision-making. A new method for estimating off-site consequence has been presented and performed for assessing health effects caused by radioisotopes released from severe accidents of nuclear power plants in this study. The MACCS2 code is used for validating the source term quantitatively regarding health effects, depending on the release characteristics of radioisotopes during severe accidents. This study developed a method for identifying correlations between LERF and Early Fatality and validates the results of the model using the MACCS2 code. The results of this study may contribute to defining LERF and finding a measure for risk-informed regulations and risk-informed decision-making.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.25-33
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• 2010

Collision between vessels may lead to structural damage and penetration of hulls. The structural damage of a hull may eventually bring about global collapse of the hull girder and outflow of oil, which would contaminate seawater. Therefore, various regulations require the strength of a vessel after collision to satisfy given criteria, and owners usually request collision analyses to confirm the structural safety of their vessels. In the process of designing a vessel to satisfy the collision strength criteria, the strength has been assessed mostly by conducting collision analyses using numerical techniques, such as dynamic, non-linear, finite-element analysis. Design is an inherently iterative process during which many changes are necessary due to the endless needs for reinforcement and modification. Numerical techniques are not adequate for coping with a situation in which collision analysis is frequently required to provide the revised results that reflect the repetitive changes in designs. Numerical techniques require a lot of time and money to conduct in spite of recent improvements in computing power and in the productivity of modeling tools. Therefore, in this paper, an analytical technique is introduced and a collision problem is idealized and simplified using reasonable assumptions based on appropriate background. The technique was applied to an example of an actual FPSO and verified by comparing the results with results from the numerical technique. A good correlation was apparent between the results of the analytical and numerical techniques.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.125-135
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• 2016

Adhesion in geotechnical engineering is the interaction between cohesive soil and a solid surface which can cause clogging in mechanized tunnelling through clayey formations. Normal piston pull out and modified direct shear tests were performed on clayey soil samples to determine which type of adhesion stress, normal or tangential, could be most effectively measured. Measured values for normal adhesion ranged from 0.9 to 18 kPa. The range of tangential adhesion was 2.4 to 10 kPa. The results indicate normal adhesion results were more accurate than those for the modified direct shear test that measure tangential adhesion. Direct shear test on identical samples did not show any correlation between measured cohesion and normal adhesion values. Normal adhesion values have shown significantly meaningful variation with consistency index and so are compatible with the base of field clogging assessment criteria. But tangential adhesion and cohesion were not compatible with these assessment criteria.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.126-142
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between perceived risk and purchasing behavior of clothing gift among adult women. Data were collected from 258 adult women reside in Kwangiu who have ever been to purchase clothing gift during recent six months using a qusetionaire. Frequency Analysis, Factor Analysis, Correlation Analysis, T-test were carried out in the collected data. The findings were as follows; 1. The types of risks that respondents perceived when they purchased clothing gift were identified as practical-economic risk, the social-psychological risk, the fashionable risk and the time-refunding risk. 2. The higher the self-satisfaction motivation was, the higher the social-psychological risk and the higher the practical motivation was, the higher the practical-economic risk (P<.001). 3. The degree of the perceived risks of the Low Planning Group was higher than that of the High Planning Group (P＜.001). 4. When the respondents perceived social-psychological risk high, they considered brand, fashionability, and store type as more important selective criteria and when the practical-economic risk perceived high, practicality, store service were conidered more important (P＜.05). 5. When respondents perceived social-psychological and fashionable risk high, they used both personal information and non-personal information high (P<.01). (Korean J Human Ecology 1(1) : 126∼142, 1998)

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2013

Purpose: This study aims to test the validity and criteria-related reliability of the Korean version of the Copenhagen Psyco-social Questionnaire version II (COPSOQ-K) assessing the psychosocial working environment. Methods: The COPSOQ-K was developed through forward-backward translation techniques, and revision based on feedback from focus groups. Survey data were collected from 311 office workers who worked in one workplace. An internal consistency reliability was estimated by Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. The impacts of the COPSOQ-K scales on job satisfaction, self-rated health, stress, sleeping troubles, burnout, and sickness absence were analyzed with multiple regression model or multiple logistic regression model, adjusted age and gender using SAS version 9.3. The Pearson correlation coefficients between the COPSOQ-K scales and Korean job stress and its subdomain were identified. Results: Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ of COPSOQ-K scales was adequate or good (0.66~0.87). The major COPSOQ-K scales predict job satisfaction, self-rated health, stress, sleeping troubles burnout, and sickness absence. The major COPSOQ-K scales were correlated with Korean job stress and its subdomain. Conclusion: The COPSOQ-K scales have satisfactory reliability and criteria-related validity. The COPSOQ-K scales will be useful for the future studies and practices associated with psychosocial working environment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.691-699
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• 2008

In the design of a foundation, settlement of the foundation may exceed allowable design criteria even with a competent bearing stratum. In such a case, a piled-raft foundation system may be adopted using piles as settlement reducing component. In this paper, Disconnected Piled Raft Foundation (DPRF) system, which installs disconnected piles underneath the raft and uses the piles as ground reinforcements, is studied as a cost effective design method against the classical piled-raft foundation system. To this end, large size loading tests were carried out on weathered ground changing area replacement ratio and length of piles. The results indicated that the settlement of the reinforced ground was reduced by 34~87% and the allowable bearing pressure increased by 70% on average from those of the unreinforced original ground, respectively. The correlating formula between the area replacement ratio and the load bearing ratio of piles were derived from the test results and numerical analysis. From the correlation, a design method determining the size and the quantity of the disconnected piles to enhance the bearing capacity of original ground to the desired value was proposed based on one inch settlement criteria.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.3 no.2 s.2
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• pp.65-71
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• 2005

The aim of this research is to investigate the demographic characteristics of the purchase tendencies and shopping trends amongst female golfers and how these are influenced by their life style and to analyse their selection criteria for purchases of golf-related items. The research methodology was through the use of questionnaires, completed by female golfers in Gyeongnam. The results are as follows: life style trends of male golfers were analysed to be categorized into one of the following: the shopping-addicted, fashion-conscious, rationalist and family oriented spenders. The characteristics of these categories are described as one of the following: utilitarian-complacent, rationalist, self-worshipping, inconsiderate. The demographic characteristics showed notable variations only in age differences. The obtained results show that the influences of the variables are minimal and there was no notable correlation. Significant differences were observed from one life style group to another, in selection criteria for purchase, which mainly depended on style, design, colour, pattern, designer-label, co-ordinated looks, similarity, ease of maintenance and functionality. Comparisons were made between the previously categorized life-style-groups and notable differences were present in such characteristics as ostentatious, trendy, aesthetically pleasing and functional.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.259-274
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• 1998

The test results from non-destructive and destructive field testing of a three-span deteriorated reinforced concrete slab bridge are used as a vehicle to examine the reliability of available tools for finite-element analysis of in-situ structures. Issues related to geometric modeling of members and connections, material models, and failure criteria are discussed. The results indicate that current material models and failure criteria are adequate, although lack of inelastic out-of-plane shear response in most nonlinear shell elements is a major shortcoming that needs to be resolved. With proper geometric modeling, it is possible to adequately correlate the measured global, regional, and local responses at all limit states. However, modeling of less understood mechanisms, such as slab-abutment connections, may need to be finalized through a system identification technique. In absence of the experimental data necessary for this purpose, upper and lower bounds of only global responses can be computed reliably. The studies reaffirm that success of finite-element models has to be assessed collectively with reference to all responses and not just a few global measurements.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.62 no.6
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• pp.217-223
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• 2019

Purpose: To determine the diagnostic value of eosinopenia and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the diagnosis of early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Neonatology Ward of R.D. Kandou General Hospital Manado between July and October 2017. Samples were obtained from all neonates meeting the inclusion criteria for EONS. Data were encoded using logistic regression analysis, the point-biserial correlation coefficient, chi-square test, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, with a P value <0.05 considered significant. Results: Of 120 neonates who met the inclusion criteria, 73 (60.8%) were males and 47 (39.2%) were females. Ninety (75%) were included in the sepsis group and 30 (25%) in the nonsepsis group. The mean eosinophil count in EONS and non-EONS groups was $169.8{\pm}197.1cells/mm^3$ and $405.7{\pm}288.9cells/mm^3$, respectively, with statistically significant difference (P<0.001). The diagnostic value of eosinopenia in the EONS group (cutoff point: $140cells/mm^3$) showed 60.0% sensitivity and 90.0% specificity. The mean NLR in EONS and non-EONS groups was $2.82{\pm}2.29$ and $0.82{\pm}0.32$, respectively, with statistically significant difference (P<0.001). The diagnostic value of NLR in the EONS group (cutoff point, 1.24) showed 83.3% sensitivity and 93.3% specificity. Conclusion: Eosinopenia has high specificity as a diagnostic marker for EONS and an increased NLR has high sensitivity and specificity as a diagnostic marker for EONS.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.876-883
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• 2023

Radioactive waste should be solidified before being disposed of in the repository to eliminate liquidity or dispersibility. Cement is a widely used solidifying media for radioactive waste, and cement solidified waste should satisfy the minimum compressive strength of the waste acceptance criteria of a radioactive repository. Although the compressive strength of waste should be measured by the test method provided by the waste acceptance criteria, the method differs depending on the operating repository of different countries. Considering the measured compressive strength changes depending on test conditions, the effect of test conditions should be analyzed to avoid overestimation or underestimation of the compressive strength during disposal. We selected test conditions such as the height-to-diameter ratio, loading rate, and porosity as the main factors affecting the compressive strength of cement solidified radioactive waste. Owing to the large variance in measured compressive strength, the effects of the test conditions were analyzed via statistical analyses using parametric and nonparametric methods. The results showed that the test condition of the lower loading rate, with a height-to-diameter ratio of two, reflected the actual cement content well, while the porosity showed no correlation. The compressive strength assessment method that reflects the large variance of strengths was suggested.