• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.65-76
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• 2022

Recently, not only traditional statistical techniques but also machine learning algorithms have been used to make more accurate bankruptcy predictions. But the insolvency rate of companies dealing with financial institutions is very low, resulting in a data imbalance problem. In particular, since data imbalance negatively affects the performance of artificial intelligence models, it is necessary to first perform the data imbalance process. In additional, as artificial intelligence algorithms are advanced for precise decision-making, regulatory pressure related to securing transparency of Artificial Intelligence models is gradually increasing, such as mandating the installation of explanation functions for Artificial Intelligence models. Therefore, this study aims to present guidelines for eXplainable Artificial Intelligence-based corporate bankruptcy prediction methodology applying SMOTE techniques and LIME algorithms to solve a data imbalance problem and model transparency problem in predicting corporate bankruptcy. The implications of this study are as follows. First, it was confirmed that SMOTE can effectively solve the data imbalance issue, a problem that can be easily overlooked in predicting corporate bankruptcy. Second, through the LIME algorithm, the basis for predicting bankruptcy of the machine learning model was visualized, and derive improvement priorities of financial variables that increase the possibility of bankruptcy of companies. Third, the scope of application of the algorithm in future research was expanded by confirming the possibility of using SMOTE and LIME through case application.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.343-353
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• 2023

Corporate reputation is a widely debated topic among academics and a crucial issue in the business world. However, previous research in this area has been scattered and fragmented, leaving room for further study, particularly in terms of reputation measurement methods. Factors such as sustainability reporting, governance attributes, and company characteristics have been linked to improved company reputation. However, there is limited research on the effects of these variables on the new methods of measuring reputation, especially in developing countries like Malaysia. Therefore, the current study developed a new measurement for reputation and aimed to examine the relationship between these variables and the new proxy of reputation. The current study collected secondary data from the company's annual report for two years period of study (i.e., 2018 and 2019) and employed content analysis. A period of two years was chosen and deemed ample to provide insightful findings of the effect of the variables associated with reputation disclosure. The results indicate that sustainability reporting, outside directors, company size, leverage, and profitability significantly impact corporate reputation. This finding suggests that Malaysian PLCs and other firms in developing countries must recognize sustainability reporting as part of their reputation management strategy that influences the company's reputation.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.125-139
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• 2024

기업로고는 기업을 대표하는 시각적 기호로서 기업의 가치, 목표, 비전을 상징적으로 나타낸다. 디자인과 색상에 따라 각각 다른 메시지를 전달하며 기업의 의사소통 도구 역할을 한다. 최근 ESG 경영에 대한 요구가 높아짐에 따라 기업은 로고를 통해 환경 보호, 기업의 투명성 등의 가치를 함축적으로 나타내기 시작했다. 기업은 추구하는 가치를 시각적으로 강조하며 원하는 이미지를 투영하는 전략적 신호로서 로고를 사용한다. 이러한 과정에서 로고를 보는 이해관계자는 인지 편향의 문제를 겪는다. 따라서, 본 연구는 기업로고의 디자인에 따라 간접적으로 ESG 실천 가치를 전달할 수 있으며, 이는 곧 기업의 ESG 평가에도 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 알아보고자 한다. 추가적으로, 기업이 ESG 관련 이슈를 기업공시 자료에 적극적으로 포함할수록 편향의 효과가 커질 것으로 예상하는 조절효과를 함께 살펴본다. 본 연구는 KOSPI 상장 기업 중 617개 대상으로 2020년부터 2022년까지의 ESG 평가자료를 활용하여 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 로고와 ESG공시가 ESG평가에 미치는 유의한 영향을 확인하였지만, ESG공시의 조절효과는 부분적으로 유의하였다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2022년도 제66차 하계학술대회논문집 30권2호
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• pp.153-154
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 블록체인 기반의 투명성/신뢰성을 제공하는 조작 불가능한 확률 제어 시스템을 제안한다. 해당 시스템은 클라이언트에 의해 질의 된 확률값을 블록체인상에서 산출해냄으로써, Legacy 시스템 아키텍처의 한계인 조작 가능성을 원천적으로 배제할 수 있다. 이는 블록체인 참여 노드 간의 데이터를 동일하게 공유하여 투명성을 확보하고, 이를 기반으로 데이터에 대한 신뢰성을 확보한 확률 제공 기능이다. 특히 해당 시스템은 Private/Permissioned 구조 기반의 블록체인 네트워크를 기반으로 운영 노드에 의해서 유지/관리되어 별도의 트랜잭션 수수료가 블록체인상에서 발생하지 않는다. 또한 Public Blockchain 메인 네트워크상의 미래 블록에 대한 정보를 확률값 산출 Seed에 활용함으로써, Non-deterministic 한 환경을 제공한다. 이는 클라이언트가 확률 질의에 대한 검증 과정을 직접 수행하거나 Third-party 검증을 통해 확률값에 대한 조작 여부를 확인할 수 있다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.763-767
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• 2021

Accounting information is essential for users. Useful information helps users to make appropriate investment-related decisions. Segment reporting disclosure plays a practical role for an investor in a business. The article data was surveyed by ordinary least squares to test the effects of corporate governance on the segment reporting disclosure. The article employed time-series data with 136 observations of the top 100 non-financial Vietnamese enterprises listed on the stock exchange in the period of 2018-2019. The research used two popular theories related to stakeholder and agency to explain the effects of factors on segment reporting disclosure. The results have identified two factors that have a positive impact on segment reporting disclosure, namely, the size of the board and the ratio of foreign members to the total number of the board. Accordingly, the managers of the top 100 Vietnamese listed enterprises should increase the number of board members as well as pay attention to the number of foreign members to contribute to improving the information disclosure on the segment reporting. It is the basis to improve the quality of information to ensure completeness and transparency. It contributes to attracting foreign investment to meet the trend of international economic integration.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권8호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2021

In the past four decades, corporate social responsibility (CSR) issues have grown substantially due to the increasing demand for transparency and growing expectations that corporations should manage and improve their social, environmental, and economic performance. As a result, most organizations, companies, and governments provide CSR reports, while a large number of companies are still engaged in defining and integrating CSR into several aspects of their business. CSR is an obligation to society (Lee, 2020). The linkage between CSR and consumer-company identification (CCI) is important under company stakeholders. Consumers who care about those issues often change their shopping habits to bring greater value to the community. They will avoid buying environmentally or socially harmful products, and actively seek the products and services of the companies that carry out social responsibility. Companies conducting CSR activities such as charity works or environmental activities will be easy to associate as a responsible organization for always meeting the necessity of society. Therefore, companies must consider CSR a long-term strategy. The strategic approach to CSR plays an increasingly significant part in the business competitiveness - which helps create companies' values while gains trust and respect from the consumers, partners in particular, and the social community in general. This study is conducted to show evidence from project-based organizations about the CSR factors that influence consumer loyalty and the impact level of those factors on customer loyalty.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore corporate types more suitable for domestic professional soccer citizens' club and to provide comprehensive insights for corporate type decision-making in the process of establishing and operating new city and citizens' club. Research design, data, and methodology: A Delphi survey was conducted on 12 experts with a high understanding of the research topic and expertise. Data were collected through two Delphi rounds, and for data analysis, frequency standard deviation, average ranking, and consistency coefficient were employed. Results: First, from the perspective of operating, it was found to have advantages in the order of autonomy, responsibility, continuity, connection. Second, from the perspective of operating the foundation, it was found to have advantages in the order of public interest, transparency, management, responsibility. Third, as a result of comparing the types of corporations and foundations of professional soccer citizens' club, it was found that there was relatively little difference. Conclusions: Since professional soccer citizens' club must pursue the nature of public goods and profitability as professional sports at the same time, various considerations are needed, long-term plans are established, and corporate types of professional soccer citizens' clubs are needed.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2023

Purpose: Prior studies regarding ethical management on worker's performance have primarily focused on specific industries or regions, potentially limiting the generalizability. This gap in knowledge underscores the need for a comprehensive investigation that considers a diverse range of industries and thoroughly examines the multifaceted aspects of ethical management. Research design, data and methodology: The academic search platform used for this study was 'Google Scholar', 'Scopus', and 'Web of Science' indexes various scholarly articles, including peer-reviewed journals and books. By utilizing specific search terms such as "corporate ethical management" and "employee performance," a vast pool of relevant studies was identified. Results: The findings indicated four effects: first, a positive correlation between ethical management practices and heightened employee motivation and engagement; second, an augmentation in organizational commitment and job satisfaction among employees; third, a reduction in turnover rates, indicating enhanced employee retention; and fourth, an elevation in overall productivity and performance outcomes. Conclusions: In sum, this study offers actionable insights, advocating for adopting and reinforcing ethical management strategies as a potent means to foster a high-performance work culture. These encompass fostering a robust ethical framework, cultivating a culture of transparency and open communication, and providing avenues for employees to voice ethical concerns without fear of retribution.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.584-595
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• 2020

본 연구에서 사익편취규제제도가 특수관계인간 거래와 기업가치간의 관계에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 제도가 시행된 2014년 전·후 5개년(2009년~2013년과 2014년~2018년)동안 상장사들의 특수관계인간 거래와 기업가치간의 관계 변화를 살펴보았다. 특수관계인간 거래형태는 장기공급계약, 대여금, 신용공여이다. 총 6,534개 연도-기업 표본을 패널자료 회귀분석방법으로 분석하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 규제제도는 특수관계인간 거래와 기업가치간의 관계에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 전체기업 대상 분석결과 제도시행 이전에는 특수관계인간 거래와 기업가치간에 유의미한 영향관계를 확인할 수 없었다. 그러나 제도시행 이후에는 장기공급계약이 기업가치에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 제도시행으로 내부거래가 사익편취 목적이 완화되고 거래의 효율성과 투명성이 강화된 결과로 이해할 수 있었다. 둘째, 규제제도가 특수관계인간 거래와 기업가치간의 관계에 미치는 영향은 규제대상과 비규제대상 간에 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 규제대상의 경우 제도시행 전에는 대여금과 신용공여가 기업가치에 유의미한 부(-)의 관계로 나타났지만, 제도시행 이후에는 유의미한 영향관계가 사라졌다. 사익편취 목적으로 수행되던 이들 거래가 제도시행으로 감시와 통제기능이 강화되면서 부정적인 영향관계가 완화된 것으로 이해되었다. 비규제대상에서는 제도시행 이전과 달리 장기공급계약이 제도시행 이후 기간에서 기업가치와 정(+)의 영향관계로 나타났다. 따라서 규제제도는 내부거래의 효율성과 투명성 강화 측면에서 규제대상보다 비규제대상에 더 크게 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.41-57
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• 2009

Although financial information is a great influence upon determining of the group which use them, detection of management fraud and earning manipulation is a difficult task using normal audit procedures and corporate credit evaluation processes, due to the shortage of knowledge concerning the characteristics of management fraud, and the limitation of time and cost. These limitations suggest the need of systemic process for !he effective risk of earning manipulation for credit evaluators, external auditors, financial analysts, and regulators. Moot researches on management fraud have examined how various characteristics of the company's management features affect the occurrence of corporate fraud. This study examines financial characteristics of companies engaged in fraudulent financial reporting and suggests a model and system for detecting GAAP violations to improve reliability of accounting information and transparency of their management. Since the detection of management fraud has limited proven theory, this study used the detecting method of outlier(upper, and lower bound) financial ratio, as a real-field application. The strength of outlier detecting method is its use of easiness and understandability. In the suggested model, 14 variables of the 7 useful variable categories among the 76 financial ratio variables are examined through the distribution analysis as possible indicators of fraudulent financial statements accounts. The developed model from these variables show a 80.82% of hit ratio for the holdout sample. This model was developed as a financial outlier detecting system for a financial institution. External auditors, financial analysts, regulators, and other users of financial statements might use this model to pre-screen potential earnings manipulators in the credit evaluation system. Especially, this model will be helpful for the loan evaluators of financial institutes to decide more objective and effective credit ratings and to improve the quality of financial statements.