• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.57-76
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to examine the moderate effects of self monitoring and the ways of thinking on the relationships and the moderate effects of brand credibility and brand attachment on the relationships between the negative information about a brand and the customer attitude holistic and analytic on the relationships between the negative information about a brand and customer attitude. To accomplish these purposes, this research divided negative information about a brand into corporate ability and corporate social responsibility. In addition, research also divided product type into functional product and symbolic product. participants are classified as having Low or High self monitoring. and the ways of thinking divided into holistic and analytic on the relationships between the negative information about a brand and customer attitude. The following are the summary of hypothesis test: (1)the consumers with low(high) level of self monitering are more likely to reveal high level of preference for negative information of corporate ability. (2)the consumers with analytic(holistic) ways of thinking are more likely to reveal high level of preference for negative information of corporate ability. (3)the consumers with low(high) level of self monitering are more likely to reveal high level of preference for functional product. (4)the consumers with analytic(holistic) ways of thinking aren't more likely to reveal high level of preference for functional(symbolic) product.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.19-37
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• 2014

This study attempts to explain the unique patterns in Korean consumer behavior regarding the luxury fashion brands' donation activities by exploring the moderating effects of corporate ability (CA) and subjective norm (SN) on the relationship between donations and consumers' brand preference, brand trust, and purchase intention. A total of 209 completed questionnaires, collected from online surveys, were analyzed using moderated multiple regression. The result shows that donation amount information positively influences consumers' brand preference, brand trust and purchase intention toward luxury fashion brands. Next, CA strengthens the relationships between donation amount information and consumers' brand trust and purchase intention. SN from the opposite gender compensates for the negative effect of negative donation amount information on consumers' trust toward luxury fashion brands, whereas SN from the same gender does not influence those relationships. This study provides a deeper understanding of luxury fashion brands' donations and consumer responses in South Korea-one of the important test markets for luxury fashion brands to expand their business to Asian countries.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.206-221
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• 2021

The demand of social responsibility for corporate is increasing gradually. The corporate can't secure the royal customers only with the effort of securing the competitiveness through the product, service quality. The corporate should act actively in order to satisfy the social expectation required by customers. With this background, this study conducted the survey that can verify the effect of how usual interest in corporate social responsibility interacts in order to investigate the difference depending on the characters of customers and how the corporate social responsibility has led the brand performance. As a result, the legal and economic responsibilities were found to have significant influence in forming the corporate brand image and the favorability. The ethic responsibility was found to play a key role in forming the reliable image but have the negative impact in forming the achievement image, innovative image. In terms of the effect of social responsibility on the corporate brand performance, the usual interest on the social responsibility was found to have no impact as a regulatory effect.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.89-100
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• 2011

Both industrial interest and academic research are increasingly focusing on the need to institute a business environment whereby Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) assumes a major role. It is suggested that four kinds of responsibilities constitute total CSR: economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities. Consumers tend to obtain positive perceptions toward the companies which collectively or partially fulfill these responsibilities. Moreover, the company image transfer process is the influence of consumer attitudes toward certain brands on overall evaluation of the company. To understand the image transfer process, we examine the influence of CSR level evaluation on overall brand evaluation in China, where active competitions among global brands exist.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.315-325
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• 2008

This study examines the effect of brand personality on consumer's attitude. Previous research has suggested that the greater the congruity between consumer personalities and brand personalities, the greater the preference for the brand. However, empirical explorations of this hypothesis revealed that the congruity between consumer personalities and brand personalities is limitedly related, if ever, to the preference for the brand. It is partly because of the views of the previous researchers who considered human personality as a uni-dimensional concept, and partly because of the lack of consensus regarding what brand personality really is. This study examines the relative effect of brand personality on company image. In this study, brand personality is represented by the 'Big Five' factors - Sincerity, Excitement, Competence, Sophistication and Ruggedness - which were suggested by Jennifer Aaker.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.59-68
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• 2009

A well-managed brand name (eg., Xi, the #, and I-Park) becomes brand equity. Brand equity affects the name value of brand in question and revenues. Elaborated researches regarding causes and effects forming brand equity, however, are hardly found. This research aims at: (1) examining the relationships among antecedents of apartment brand equity, brand equity components, and brand preference; and (2) proposing marketing strategies for strengthening apartment brand equity. The research method utilized is a survey. The research procedure consists of four steps as follows: (1) literature review; (2) hypotheses construction regarding antecedents and consequences of apartment brand equity; (3) measurement of apartment brand equity; and (4) covariance structure analysis of relationships between antecedents and consequences. This study found following positive relationships. First, the corporate image and apartment advertisement have a positive influence on brand-name recognition/image and perceived quality, consisting of apartment brand equity. Second, brandname recognition/image, perceived quality, and brand-name preference, consisting of apartment brand equity, have a positive influence on a brand affinity. Thus it is concluded that apartment brand equity is strengthened by means of: (1) the distinction of major factors, forming brand equity and enforcing it; and (2) the establishment and implementation of integrated marketing communication (IMC) strategies.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.27-57
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• 2008

Many consumers enjoy the challenge of purchasing a brand that matches well with their own values and personalities (for example, Ko et al., 2008; Ko et al., 2006). Therefore, the personalities of consumers can impact on the final selection of a brand and its brand personality in two ways: first, the consumers may incline to purchase a brand or a product that reflects their own personalities; second, consumers tend to choose a company that has similar brand personalities to those brands that are being promoted. Therefore, the objectives of this study are following: 1. Is there any empirical relationship between a consumer's personality and the personality of a brand that he or she chooses? 2. Can a corporate brand be differentiated by the brand personality? In short, consumers are more likely to hold favorable attitudes towards those brands that match their own personality and will most probably purchase those brands matching well with their personality. For example, Matzler et al. (2006) found that extraversion and openness were positively related to hedonic product value; and that the personality traits directly (openness) and indirectly (extraversion, via hedonic value) influenced brand effects, which in turn droved attitudinal and purchase loyalty. Based on the above discussion, the following hypotheses are proposed: Hypothesis 1: the personality of a consumer is related to the brand personality of a product/corporate that he/she purchases. Kuksov (2007) and Wernerfelt (1990) argued that brands as a symbolic language allowed consumers to communicate their types to each other and postulated that consumers had a certain value of communicating their types to each other. Therefore, how brand meanings are established, and how a firm communicate with consumers about the meanings of the brand are interesting topics for research (for example, Escalas and Bettman, 2005; McCracken, 1989; Moon, 2007). Hence, the following hypothesis is proposed: Hypothesis 2: A corporate brand identity is differentiated by the brand personality. And there are significant differences among companies. A questionnaire was developed for collecting empirical measures of the Big-Five personality traits and brand personality variables. A survey was conducted to the online access panel members through the Internet during December 2007 in Korea. In total, 500 respondents completed the questionnaire, and considered as useable. Personality constructs were measured using the Five-factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) scale and a total of 30 items were actually utilized. Brand personality was measured using the five-dimension scale developed by Aaker (1997). A total of 17 items were actually utilized. The seven-point Likert-type scale was the format of responses, for example, from 1 indicating strongly disagreed to 7 for strongly agreed. The Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) was used for an empirical testing of the model, and the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) was applied to estimate numerical values for the components in the model. To diagnose the presence of distribution problems in the data and to gauge their effects on the parameter estimates, bootstapping method was used. The results of the hypothesis-1 test empirically show that there exit certain causality relationship between a consumer's personality and the brand personality of the consumer's choice. Thus, the consumer's personality has an impact on consumer's final selection of a brand that has a brand personality matches well with their own personalities. In other words, the consumers are inclined to purchase a brand that reflects their own personalities and tend to choose a company that has similar brand personalities to those of the brand being promoted. The results of this study further suggest that certain dimensions of the brand personality cause consumers to have preference to certain (corporate) brands. For example, the conscientiousness, neuroticism, and extraversion of the consumer personality have positively related to a selection of "ruggedness" characteristics of the brand personality. Consumers who possess that personality dimension seek for matching with certain brand personality dimensions. Results of the hypothesis-2 test show that the average "ruggedness" attributes of the brand personality differ significantly among Korean automobile manufacturers. However, the result of ANOVA also indicates that there are no significant differences in the mean values among manufacturers for the "sophistication," "excitement," "competence" and "sincerity" attributes of the corporate brand personality. The tight link between what a firm is and its corporate brand means that there is far less room for marketing communications than there is with products and brands. Consequently, successful corporate brand strategies must position the organization within the boundaries of what is acceptable, while at the same time differentiating the organization from its competitors.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.548-558
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate how the types of perceived brand image related to the main concept building brand equity affect 'brand preference' and 'behavioral intentions'. The perceived brand image is set as the brand image type perceived by the consumer from the image pursued by the corporate brand, while in addition to brand preference, behavioral intentions are set as purchase intention and recommendation intention for the result variables. The result shows that the types of perceived brand image were extracted as 'factor 1(challenge spirit)' and factor 2(reliability) and through the cluster analysis 3 groups under each type were identified. Also, a significant difference between the influence of each type of perceived brand image on 'brand preference', 'purchase intention' and 'recommend intention' was indicated. In addition, the differences of perceived brand image types were found to be higher in order of 'challenge spirit type', 'reliability type', 'integrated type'. The empirical implementation of this study lies in the fact that it classifies the concept of brand image not as a broad theoretical model, but as a model directly related to real consumer perception, and that it gives practical suggestion for brand image management related to advertising.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.337-353
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• 2013

Purpose: As there are more cases of forged brands, change of awareness is urgently required at the governmental, corporate and consumer levels. Therefore, this study aims to positively analyze the correlation between forged brand quality and purchase intentions perceived by consumers based on types of preference of luxury brands. Methods: In order to achieve the above purpose, this study derived a model of causal relationships among the forged brand quality, preference of typified luxury brands, and purchase intentions. SPSS 20.0 was applied for data processing. Frequency analysis ad descriptive statistical analysis were conducted for basic data and measurement tools were verified through feasibility and reliability analyses. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to verify the hypotheses. Results: Based on the results, only utilitarian quality positively (+) affected non-intrinsic preference while its impact on intrinsic preference was negative (-). On the other hand, hedonic quality was significantly positive (+) but the impact was not significant. Both utilitarian and hedonic qualities had significantly positive (+) impacts on the intentions to purchase forged brands with the impact of hedonic quality relatively higher. Conclusion: These results clarified that the overall consumption of Korean consumers had not entered its maturity, yet. Also, Korean consumers regard forged brands as alternatives to luxury brands mostly because of hedonic quality. As hedonic quality is added, Korean consumers' purchase intentions became higher. Based on these results, this study suggested the measures to be taken for the country to develop into an advanced country in the luxury market which is becoming more global and overcome the barrier of its old trend in imitation at the four levels of manufacturers, distributors, government, and consumers.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.87-115
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• 2012

Introduction: In these days, a loyalty program is one of the most common marketing mechanisms (Lacey & Sneath, 2006; Nues & Dreze, 2006; Uncles et al., 20003). In recent years, Coalition Loyalty Program is more noticeable as one of progressed forms. In the past, loyalty program was operating independently by single product brand or single retail channel brand. Now, companies using Coalition Loyalty Program share their programs as one single service and companies to participate to this program continue to have benefits from their existing program as well as positive spillover effect from the other participating network companies. Instead of consumers to earn or spend points from single retail channel or brand, consumers will have more opportunities to utilize their points and be able to purchase other participating companies products. Issues that are related to form of loyalty programs are essentially connected with consumers' perceived view on convenience of using its program. This can be a problem for distribution companies' strategic marketing plan. Although Coalition Loyalty Program is popular corporate marketing strategy to most companies, only few researches have been published. However, compared to independent loyalty program, coalition loyalty program operated by third parties of partnership has following conditions: Companies cannot autonomously modify structures of program for individual companies' benefits, and there is no guarantee to operate and to participate its program continuously by signing a contract. Thus, it is important to conduct the study on how coalition loyalty program affects companies' success and its process as much as conducting the study on effects of independent program. This study will complement the lack of coalition loyalty program study. The purpose of this study is to find out how consumer loyalty affects affiliated brands, its cause and mechanism. The past study about loyalty program only provided the variation of performance analysis, but this study will specifically focus on causes of results. In order to do these, this study is designed and to verify three primary objects as following; First, based on opinions of Switching Barriers (Fornell, 1992; Ping, 1993; Jones, et at., 2000) about causes of loyalty of coalition brand, 'brand attractiveness' and 'brand switching cost' are antecedents and causes of change in 'brand loyalty' will be investigated. Second, influence of consumers' perception and attitude prior to joining coalition loyalty program, influence of program in retail brands, brand attractiveness and spillover effect of switching cost after joining coalition program will be verified. Finally, the study will apply 'prior brand preference' as a variable and will provide a relationship between effects of coalition loyalty program and prior preference level. Hypothesis Hypothesis 1. After joining coalition loyalty program, more preferred brand (compared to less preferred brand) will increase influence on brand attractiveness to brand loyalty. Hypothesis 2. After joining coalition loyalty program, less preferred brand (compared to more preferred brand) will increase influence on brand switching cost to brand loyalty. Hypothesis 3. (1)Brand attractiveness and (2)brand switching cost of more preferred brand (before joining the coalition loyalty program) will influence more positive effects from (1)program attractiveness and (2)program switching cost of coalition loyalty program (after joining) than less preferred brand. Hypothesis 4. After joining coalition loyalty program, (1)brand attractiveness and (2)brand switching cost of more preferred brand will receive more positive impacts from (1)program attractiveness and (2)program switching cost of coalition loyalty program than less preferred brand. Hypothesis 5. After joining coalition loyalty program, (1)brand attractiveness and (2)brand switching cost of more preferred brand will receive less impacts from (1)brand attractiveness and (2)brand switching cost of different brands (having different preference level), which joined simultaneously, than less preferred brand. Method : In order to validate hypotheses, this study will apply experimental method throughout virtual scenario of coalition loyalty program if consumers have used or available for the actual brands. The experiment is conducted twice to participants. In a first experiment, the study will provide six coalition brands which are already selected based on prior research. The survey asked each brand attractiveness, switching cost, and loyalty after they choose high preference brand and low preference brand. One hour break was provided prior to the second experiment. In a second experiment, virtual coalition loyalty program "SaveBag" was introduced to participants. Participants were informed that "SaveBag" will be new alliance with six coalition brands from the first experiment. Brand attractiveness and switching cost about coalition program were measured and brand attractiveness and switching cost of high preference brand and low preference brand were measured as same method of first experiment. Limitation and future research This study shows limitations of effects of coalition loyalty program by using virtual scenario instead of actual research. Thus, future study should compare and analyze CLP panel data to provide more in-depth information. In addition, this study only proved the effectiveness of coalition loyalty program. However, there are two types of loyalty program, which are Single and Coalition, and success of coalition loyalty program will be dependent on market brand power and prior customer attitude. Therefore, it will be interesting to compare effects of two programs in the future.