• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.901-908
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• 2001

Background : Coronary artery bypass graft(CABG) in patients with advanced left ventricular dysfunction has often been regarded as having high mortality rate, despite the great improvement in operative result of CABG. With recent advances in surgical technique and myocardial protection, surgical revascularization improved the symptom and long-term survival of these high risk patients more than the medical conservative treatment. Material and Methold : Clinical data of 31(4.1％) patients with preoperative ejection fraction less than 30% among 864 CABGs performed between January 1995 and March 1999 were retrospectively analyzed and pre- and postoperative changes of the ejection fraction on echocardiography were analyzed. There were 26 men and 5 women. The mean age was 60.7 years(range 41 to 72 years). History of myocardial infarction(30 cases, 98％) was the most common preoperative risk factor. There were seven irreversible myocardial infarction on thallium scan. Most patients had triple vessel diseases(26 cases, 84％) and first degree of Rentrop classification(16 cases, 52％) on coronary angiography. The mean number of distal anastomosis during CABG was per patient was 4.9${\pm}$0.8 sites in each patient. In addition to long saphenous veins, the internal mammary artery was used in 20 patients. Total bypass time was 244.7${\pm}$3.7 minutes(range, 117 to 567 minutes), and mean aortic cross-clamp time was 77.9 ${\pm}$ 1.6 minutes(range, 30 to 178 minutes). There were five other reparative procedures such as two left ventricular aneurysrmectomy, two mitral repair, and one aortic valve replacement. There were twelve postoperative complications such as three cardiac arrhythmia, two bleeding(re-operation), one delayed sternal closure, eleven usage of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation for low cardiac output. Two patients died, postoperative mortality was 6.5% . Twenty-nine patients were relieved of chest pain and left ventricular ejection fraction after operation was significantly higher(38.5${\pm}$11.6%, p 0.001) as compared with preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction(25.3${\pm}$2.3%). The follow up period of out patient was 25. 3 months. Conclusion: In patients with coronary artery disease and advanced left ventricular dysfunction, coronary artery bypass grafting can be performed relatively safely with improvement in left ventricular function, but it will be necessary to study long term results.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.521-532
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• 2018

Dementia, characterized by a progressive cognitive decline and a cumulative inability to behave independently, is highly associated with other diseases. Various cardiovascular disorders, such as coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation, are well-known risk factors for dementia. Currently, increasing evidence suggests that sex factors may play an important role in the pathogenesis of diseases, including cardiovascular disease and dementia. Recent studies show that nearly two-thirds of patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease are women; however, the incidence difference between men and women remains vague. Therefore, studies are needed to investigate sex-specific differences, which can help understand the pathophysiology of dementia and identify potential therapeutic targets for both sexes. In the present review, we summarize sex differences in the prevalence and incidence of dementia by subtypes. This review also describes sex differences in the risk factors of dementia and examines the impact of risk factors on the incidence of dementia in both sexes.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.849-856
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• 2009

Truncal obesity associated with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome increase the likelihood of hypertension, various cardiovascular diseases, hyperlipidemia and coronary heart diseases. International Diabetes Federation (IDF) experts recognized that it is necessary to develop the simple diagnostic tool which is applicable to diagnose truncal obesity worldwide, and proposed the method using a waist circumference but there is a limit to estimate subcutaneous fat distribution. However, waist line is also influenced by total fat capacity less than the intra abdominal fat. The more having severe obesity, the more correlation coefficient between waist line and intra abdominal fat is low. Therefore, this thesis defines a new abdominal impedance measurement position and impedance-index to analysis central obesity. This proposes the new model to estimate abdominal obesity using the abdominal impedance-index and CT images acquired fro 160 Korean subjects. The proposed model shows that the abdominal fat distribution has a higher correlation than waist line. (Adj R2=0.809, 0.667 and 0.687 with abdominal fat area, visceral fat area and subcutaneous fat area respectively).

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2011

Although left Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is not only an adaptive response of the heart to increased cardiac workload in hypertension, it surelybut also is the most potent risk factor of overt cardiovascular complications such as coronary heart disease, heart failure, arrhythmia and stroke in the hypertensive population. Also it has become generally accepted that subclinical cardiovascular disease begins in childhood and LVH is the most readily assessed marker for that. As LVH can be seen in children and adolescents with even mild blood pressure elevation with the reported prevalence of 10 to 47%, aggressive antihypertensive treatment is critical in preventing the development of hypertensive heart disease in that those cases.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.680-687
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• 2010

Patients with congenital heart diseases (CHD) are confronted with early- and late-onset complications, such as conduction disorders, arrhythmias, myocardial dysfunction, altered coronary flow, and ischemia, throughout their lifetime despite successful hemodynamic and/or anatomical correction. Rhythm disturbance is a well-known and increasingly frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with CHD. Predisposing factors to rhythm disturbances include underlying cardiac defects, hemodynamic changes as part of the natural history, surgical repair and related scarring, and residual hemodynamic abnormalities. Acquired factors such as aging, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and others may also contribute to arrhythmogenesis in CHD. The first step in evaluating arrhythmias in CHD is to understand the complex anatomy and to find predisposing factors and hemodynamic abnormalities. A practical stepwise approach can lead to diagnosis and prompt appropriate interventions. Electrophysiological assessment and management should be done with integrated care of the underlying heart defects and hemodynamic abnormalities. Catheter ablation and arrhythmia surgery have been increasingly applied, showing increasing success rates with technological advancement despite complicated arrhythmia circuits in complex anatomy and the difficulty of access. Correction of residual hemodynamic abnormalities may be critical in the treatment of arrhythmia in patients with CHD.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.26
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• pp.21-30
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• 2007

ECG is included in certain medical examinations of insurance application, ECG has low specificity and sensitivity. So ECG is not usually used to diagnose specific diseases. But, ECG is not invasive and costs low. So ECG is usually used in underwriting. Actually in underwriting we meet various ECG patterns and diagnosises. Understanding of various ECG patterns is different between insurance medicine and clinical medicine. So We have to learn various ECG patterns and effects on mortality and morbidity. First considerations of ECG readings are age, sex, blood pressure, family history, smoking historyalcohol history and hyperlipidemia. These are predictors for possibility of disease. Also it is important to review recording ECG with proper skill. In this review I consider several ECG diagnosises that we meet frequently, which is, LVH, RVH, ST abnormalities, LBBS, RBBB, A-B blocks, several kinds of arrhythmia. We have to consider long term mortalities and morbidities of specific ECG patterns although applicants have no symptom and sign. And then we have to make underwriting manual according to specific ECG diagnosises and patterns and underwrite precisely ECG patterns according to insurance products. Nowadays coronary heart disease and other heart diseases are increasing in Korea. So we have to learn various ECG patterns and research mortalities and morbidities of abnormal ECG patterns. Also we have to apply to more broad, precise underwriting skills about ECG patterns and diagnosises.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.77 no.1
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• pp.24-27
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• 2014

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) is defined as a reversible, acute ventricular dysfunction without any evidence of coronary artery obstruction. There have been reports of TTC caused by emotional or physical stress, drug use, hormone imbalance, or medical conditions such as pulmonary disease, sepsis, and trauma, but a relationship between TTC and pulmonary tuberculosis has not previously been reported. From our knowledge, this is the first report of TTC caused by pulmonary tuberculosis.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.158-162
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• 1999

The rhizomes of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(Labiatae) has been used in Chinese traditional medicine for the treatment of coronary heart diseases and myocardial infarction. As a part of a research for standardization of crude oriental drugs, we have determined the content of tanshinone IIA in Salvia miltiorrhiza purchased from various regions of Korea. The HPLC method by which quantitative analysis was conducted, showed reproducible results and chromatographic isolation of tanshinone IIA was accomplished successively.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.185-190
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• 2006

Lysyl oxidase (LOX) catalyzes the lysine-derived cross-links of fibrillar collagens and elastin in the extracellular matrix. Recent molecular cloning has revealed existence of a LOX family consisting of LOX and four lysyl oxidase-like proteins (LOXL, LOXL2, LOXL3 and LOXL4). Pathological conditions associated with impaired LOX activity in several heritable and acquired disorders lead to severe structural and functional abnormalities of cardiovascular tissues, such as occlusion of coronary arteries and aneurysms, suggesting an essential role for the LOX family proteins in the maintenance of the cardiovascular system. However, the specific roles of the lysyl oxidase-like proteins in normal and pathological conditions of the cardiovascular tissues have not been established yet. Here, I report that LOXL3, a novel member of the LOX family, is predominantly expressed in the aorta, with an amine oxidase activity toward collagen and elastin, suggesting an essential role of LOXL3 in the development and maintenance of the aorta.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.12 no.sup1
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• pp.118-126
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• 2009

The incidence of childhood obesity has increased dramatically. Childhood obesity is an increasing health problem because of its strong associations with chronic health problems in children and adults. These health problems significantly contribute to the development of common chronic diseases in later life, including hypertension, type2 diabetes, hyperinsulinemia, coronary heart disease, and other psychological disorders. So it is an important issue to prevent and treat obesity during childhood and adolescent. Diet and exercise are the cornerstones of treatment for obesity and related complications. For obese children, some clinical trials have shown improvement with diet, exercise, and /or behavioral interventions. Promising interventions for high-risk individuals, such as bariatric surgery and novel pharmacological agents, also require rigorous assessment with attention to long-term patient important outcomes. There are various pharmacological approaches to the treatment of obesity in the adolescent population some of which have FDA approval. In the article we discuss pharmacological approaches to guide the treatment of obesity in the pediatric population, including risks of treatment, monitoring of potential side effects.