• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.228-238
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• 2004

Purpose: Obesity is rapidly increasing in Korean children. Obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and is frequently associated with hypertension, diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease. This study was designed to evaluate risk factors of the metabolic syndrome in obese children. Methods: From February 2000 to June 2004, eighty eight obese (body mass index ${\geq}95th$ percentile) children aged 4 to 15 years were included. We measured serum lipid levels (total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol), fasting sugar levels and insulin levels. Insulin resistance was determined by homeostasis model assessment, fasting insulin/glucose ratio and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index. Results: Clustering of risk factors for the metabolic syndrome in obese children demonstrated that 60.2% had more than one risk factors. Hypertension (14.8%), hypertriglyceridemia (14.8%), HDL-hypocholesterolemia (14.8%), LDL-hypercholesterolemia (12.5%) and hyperinsulinemia (12.5%) were observed. As BMI increased, there was statistically significant increase in systolic blood pressure, insulin and insulin resistance values. Insulin resistance was correlated to systolic blood pressure, serum lipid and insulin levels. The more risk factors for the metabolic syndrome obese children had, the higher was their insulin resistance. Conclusion: The increase in insulin resistance and clustering of risk factors for the metabolic syndrome are already apparent in obese children. Monitoring these risk factors for the metabolic syndrome should become a part of routine medical care for obese children.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.361-374
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• 2022

Purpose: This study applies an ecological model to investigate individual and organizational levels to identify factors influencing the HRQOL of industrial employees. Methods: Totally, 133 industrial workers of a vehicle company were enrolled, who understood the purpose and consented to participate in the study. The collected data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe Test and hierarchical regression analysis using the SPSS 20.0 program. Results: Hierarchical regression analysis showed that job Stress(β=-.44, p<.001), and hobbies(β=-.21, p=.013) were the major influencing factors of the Physical Component Summary of HRQOL, which had an additional explanatory power of 11.5%. The influencing factors for the Mental Component Summary of HRQOL were job stress(β=-.43, p<.001), and coronary artery disease(β=.17, p=.034) with an additional explanatory power of 13.5%. Conclusion: Results of this study, reveal that a multidimensional approach based on an ecological model is suitable as a health promotion intervention strategy to improve the HRQOL. We further propose developing a multi-dimensional health promotion program that consider the individual and organizational factors such as job stress, activation of in-house clubs, and assessing and managing of the risk of cerebral and cardiovascular diseases.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.381-386
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• 2010

Background: Sternal wound infection (SWI) is an important complication after cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictors affecting sternal wound infection and preventive factors including short term Vancomycin therapy in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Material and Method: A retrospective study was done using data collected from January 2001 through December 2007. This included 219 patients who had isolated CABG. The definition of SWI was documentation from a microbiological study and a requirement for simple closure or other surgical revision. Result: The overall incidence of SWI was 7.8% (n=17). The causative organisms were methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, n=13), methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (n=2), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=1), and Candida albicans (n=1). Ten cases had deep sternal wound infection with mediastinitis; 7 cases had a superficial wound infection. Infection-related mortality was low (1/17; 6%). Diabetes mellitus (p=0.006) and smoking history (p=0.020) were factors that predicted high risk. Short term use of vancomycin decreased the incidence of MRSA-associated SWI (p=0.009). For treatment, curettage and rewiring or flap were needed in most cases (88%, n=14). Conclusion: Patients who had diabetes mellitus and a smoking history need careful management. Short term use of vancomycin is effective for prevention of SWI with MRSA.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.599-605
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• 1996

A total of 249 patients undergoing isolated coronary revascularization were studied for the occurrence of postoperative atrial fibrillation(AF). Possible associations of this arrhythmia with various preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors were studied by univariate and multivariate analysis. The overall incidence of postoperative AF was 15%, with the median time occurence of 48 hours(mean time : 59.1 $\pm$ 56.9 hours) after arrival to the intensive care unit. Cardiac index decreased significantly after occurence of AF(p=0.001). There were no in-hospital complications in those patients with AF. Univariate studies indicated preoperative ejection fract on(EF), triglyceride level, postoperative peak CKMB isoenzpme and atrial pacing to be the dominant factor promoting postoperative AF, with an increasing prevalence in lower EF(p=0.025), triglyceride(p=0.006) and peak CKMB isoenzyme(p=0.002), and in patients with atrial pacing(p=0.001). Hospital stay(p=0.001) and late mortality(p=0.003) were significantly increased in patients with postoperative AF Multivariate analysis showed that body weight and postoperative atrial pacing to be the dominant factor promoting postoperative AF, with an increasing prevalence in over- weight patients(p=0.011) and patients with atrial pacing(p=0.001). Both univariate and multivariate analy- sis showed that the age was not a significant factor but tended to promote postoperative AF respectively (p=0.053, 0.064). After 30.1 $\pm$ 11.4 months gfollow-up, those patients with AF had sinus rhythm. We think that we must try to prevent postoperative AF after ccoronary artery bypass grafting because of its deleterio s hemodynamic effect, prolonged hospital stay, and increased late mortality.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2005

Objectives: Hypertension is the most important risk factors for the cerebrovascular diseases, and also for coronary heart diseases, it is therefore very important that the people have a knowledge on nature of hypertension and it's high risk in order to prevent and detect the hypertension as early as possible. Methods: This study was done to find out the knowledge on hypertension of 434 parents of elementary school students from Kimjae city, Jonbuk province, they were parents in grade 4, 5 and 6 attending two elementary schools. The survey took 10 days from November 20 to November 30, 2003. Results: first, The highest correct answer(94.5%) was "obesity is risk factors for hypertension", followed by "hypertension is closely related with hereditary factors(91.0%) and "high sodium intake is associated with high blood pressure"(85.7%). The lowest correct answer(77.4%) was the classification of blood pressure level between normal and high. Second, Rate of blood pressure measurement for fathers was 53.7% and 54.8% in mothers. Awareness of own blood pressure by fathers was 84.1 %, while 91.1% by mothers. Third, According to blood pressure level reported by parents, fathers with normal blood pressure was 59.2%, high normal blood pressure was 12.2%, while hypertension was 28.6%. It revealed that prevalence of hypertension of fathers was higher than mother (normal: 74.5%, high normal: 7.7%, hypertension: 18.2%). Conclusions: From the results of this study, it is important to strengthen the health education about hypertension for community people and also school students.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 1997

Purpose : Chronic renal failure is often accompanied by severe dyslipidemia, a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] has recently been characterized as a risk factor for atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in adult patients on dialysis. However, there are only limited data available concerning risk factors for atherosclerosis in uremic children. We have measured serum levels of lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins and Lp(a) in uremic children with maintenance dialysis. Methods : Ten uremic children with hemodialysis (HD) and 14 with peritoneal dialysis (PD) in our dialysis unit were included in this study. The mean age of HD patients was $162{\pm}59$ months and the male to female ratio was 7:3. The mean age and sex ratio of PD patients were $123{\pm}63$ months and 6:8, respectively. The levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins and Lp(a) were measured from serum sampled after 14 hours of fasting. The normal control levels were cited from 2 articles presenting the normal blood lipid and lipoprotein levels of primary school and middle school children in Korea. Results : There was no difference in age, sex ratio, body mass index and duration of dialysis between the HD and the PD group. The serum concentration of the cholesterol, triglyceride and apolipoprotein B were significantly elevated in dialysis patients compared with normal subjects. The serum level of Lp(a) was significantly elevated in only PD group. The serum Lp(a) level was below 30 mg/dl in 13 and above 30 mg/dl in 11 patients. The serum albumin level was significantly decreased in high Lp(a) group than in low Lp(a) group. Conclusion : The uremic children receiving dialysis reveal abnormal serum lipid and lipoprotein profiles. These results suggest that they have a higher risk for coronary heart disease, although there has been no clinical evidence of coronary heart disease at present. A long-term follow-up study of these children to clarify the suggestion should be started now.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.208-214
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• 2011

Background: Periprocedural treatment with high-dose statins is known to have cardioprotective and pleiotropic effects, such as anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory actions. We aimed to assess the efficacy of high-dose rosuvastatin loading in patients with stable angina undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB). Materials and Methods: A total of 142 patients with stable angina who were scheduled to undergo surgical myocardial revascularization were randomized to receive either pre-treatment with 60-mg rosuvastatin (rosuvastatin group, n=71) or no pre-treatment (control group, n=71) before OPCAB. The primary endpoint was the 30-day incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). The secondary endpoint was the change in the degree of myocardial ischemia as evaluated with creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) and troponin T (TnT). Results: There were no significant intergroup differences in preoperative risk factors or operative strategy. MACEs within 30 days after OPCAB occurred in one patient (1.4%) in the rosuvastatin group and four patients (5.6%) in the control group, respectively (p=0.37). Preoperative CK-MB and TnT were not different between the groups. After OPCAB, the mean maximum CK-MB was significantly higher in the control group (rosuvastatin group $10.7{\pm}9.75$ ng/mL, control group $14.6{\pm}12.9$ ng/mL, p=0.04). Furthermore, the mean levels of maximum TnT were significantly higher in the control group (rosuvastatin group $0.18{\pm}0.16$ ng/mL, control group $0.39{\pm}0.70$ ng/mL, p=0.02). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that high-dose rosuvastatin loading before OPCAB surgery did not result in a significant reduction of 30-day MACEs. However, high-dose rosuvastatin reduced myocardial ischemia after OPCAB.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.161-164
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• 2007

Oxidative stress is prerequisite for the development of atherosclerosis. Apart from the traditional risk factors that contribute to this devastating condition, in the past few decades, much attention has been focused on plasma total homocysteine mainly because of its strong association with coronary artery disease. It has been suggested that homocysteine induces oxidative stress and hence the present work was undertaken to assess the total homocysteine status and plasma total antioxidant capacity in the acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients among Tamil population. The study subjects included only the Tamil population. Blood samples were collected from 100 AMI patients and 100 controls. Plasma was separated and the total antioxidant status was assessed as a measure of ferric reducing power of antioxidants using spectrophotometric method. Plasma total homocysteine concentrations were assessed by automated chemiluminescence method. While Total antioxidant status was significantly decreased, the plasma homocysteine concentrations were elevated in AMI patients compared to the controls. However, there was no correlation between the homocysteine levels and total antioxidant status. The findings of this study may have therapeutic implications, including food sources rich in antioxidants for all AMI patients to minimize the effect of free radicals formed during oxidative stress among Tamil population.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation education individualized to PCI patients in order to improve their knowledge of these diseases and to lessen their anxiety. Method: A Quasi experimental design with non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design was used. The experimental group had the PCI operation for ischemic heart disease and individualized cardiac rehabilitation education and counseling twice for 25 minutes each time using an educational booklet developed by the authors. The effects of the education were analyzed using a knowledge assessment tool, state anxiety inventory and anxiety visual analogue scale. Results: The experimental group who received the individualized cardiac rehabilitation education showed a high level of knowledge about diseases compared to the control group and particularly showed a significant difference in knowledge about the drugs used for treatment. However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in the level of state anxiety and anxiety visual analogue scale. Conclusion: Individualized cardiac rehabilitation education did not reduce anxiety but it was effective in enhancing the participants' knowledge about the diseases. Thus, it can be utilized effectively in addressing risk factors in ischemic heart diseases by providing education individualized according to patients' demands and knowledge levels.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2013

Alloxan administration in rats is used as a model for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). NIDDM is a multifactorial disease, characterized by hyperglycemia and lipoprotein abnormalities. In this study, we evaluated the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of fermented Rhynchosia nulubilis (FRN) through the regulation of glucose uptake in alloxan-induced rats. Fermented R. nulubilis was administered orally for 28 d at 500 mg/kg of body weight. Body weight and food intake were monitored every day. Biochemical parameters were quantified after 4 week. In the diabetic + FRN group, body weight increased significantly and blood glucose concentrations decreased when compared to those of the diabetic group. After 2 hr of administration, the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) indicated a significant reduction in the diabetic + FRN group compared to diabetic group. The diabetic + FRN group experienced a significant reduction in total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein, coronary risk factors, and malondialdehyde concentrations, with significantly increased high density lipoprotein compared to those of diabetic group. These results demonstrate that fermented R. nulubilis possesses potent antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.