• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.98-102
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• 2022

Alpheid shrimp are found worldwide in temperate and tropical waters. They live in burrows in sandy and muddy bottoms and also in crevices of rocks and coral reefs. The genus Alpheus is the most diverse group of alpheid shrimp. Continuous taxonomic study on shrimps collected from Korean waters revealed that an alpheid shrimp collected from Daesambudo Island was identified as Alpheus compressus. This species belongs to the brevirostris group of the genus Alpheus and is distinguished from other known species of the genus Alpheus in Korea by the laterally compressed body. Korean Alpheus fauna now consists of 15 species of five species groups.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.427-439
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• 2013

Carbon cycling and productivity within Weno Island of Micronesia enclosed by the coral reef may be likely self-maintained and insignificantly affected by the open ocean. Therefore, it is important to understand the role of the mangrove known as providing the organic matter and habitats for many organisms in this enclosed area. In order to trace the nutritional source of fauna (mostly invertebrates) in the mangrove forest of Weno island, we analyzed the fatty acid (FA) and carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes of potential nutritional sources (mangrove leaf & pneumatophore, seagrass leaf & root, surface sediment, and particulate organic matter (POM) in water) and consumers (4 gastropods and anomura). The mangrove and seagrass contained the abundance of 18:2${\omega}$6, and 18:3${\omega}$3, whereas FAs associated with phytoplankton and bacteria were accounted for a high proportion in the surface sediment and POM. FA composition of consumers was found to be similar to those of the surface sediment, mangrove, and seagrass. These were also confirmed through the mixing model of stable isotope for contribution of nutritional sources to consumers. Overall results with the feeding types of investigated mangrove fauna indicate that investigated mangrove fauna obtained their nutrition from the various sources, i.e. the mangrove for Littorina cf. scabra, the microalgae for Strombus sp., and omnivorous Pagurus sp. and Terebralia cf. palustris. However, it is obvious that the nutrition of most species living in the mangrove ecosystem is highly dependent on the mangrove, either directly or indirectly. More detail food-web structure and function of the mangrove ecosystem would be established with the analysis of additional fauna and flora.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.331-338
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• 1996

The main aim of this study was to develop carrot soups with fishery products, which is improved from traditional gruel of Cheju island. For this the optimal procedure and ingredient mixing ratio for making basic carrot soup was determined through the instrumental measurement, the sensory evaluation and the nutrient analysis, and then the carrot-fishery soups were prepared by mixing the fishery products from Cheju island. The results were as follows: The optimal procedure for making basic carrot soup was to saute the sliced carrots and soaked rices with the sesame oil for 5 min, add the water, bring to a boil for 6 min, simmer for 15 min, then puree the soup. The optimal ingredient mixing ratio in the basic carrot soup was carrot 300 g: rice 45 g: water 900 $m\ell$: sesame oil 15 $m\ell$: salt 5 g. For preparing carrot-fishery soups were the optimal fishery products mixing ratio i) 30% tile fish or crab, ii) prawn, abalone, top shell, or ear shell 20%, iii) sea urchin 15%, iv) fusiform or gulf weed 5％. The order of sensory evaluation scores, on a 5-point scale, were sea urchin, crab > top shell, tile fish > abalone, ear shell > prawn > coral fish > fusiform, gulf weed. Nutrient composition analysis showed that vitamin A was 5 times higher in carrot soup than in pumpkin soup. Sensory evaluation scores show that carrot soup was prepared to pumpkin soup. A portion (200 g) of the soup would provide 144% of the recommended daily allowance of vitamin A. The results of this work indicate that an acceptable carrot-fishery soups of better nutritional and sensory values than pumpkin soup can be prepared.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.23-36
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• 2010

The Cat Ba Islands in Hai Phong City, northern Vietnam, consist of a large limestone island with a maximum height of 322 m above sea level and 366 small limestone islets with a total area of about $180\;km^2$. The islands are relicts of karst limestone mountains that became submerged during the Holocene transgression 7000 - 8000 year ago. The combination of the longtime karst process and recent marine processes in the monsoonal tropical zone has created a very diversity landscape on the Cat Ba Islands that can be divided into 3 habitat types with 16 forms. The first habitat type is the karst mountains and hills, including karst mountains and hills, karst valleys and dolines, karst lakes, karst caves, and old marine terraces. The second habitat type is the limestone island coast, including beaches, mangrove marshes, tidal flats, rocky coasts, marine notch caves, marine karst lakes, and bights. The third habitat type is karst plains submerged by the sea, including karst cones (fengcong) and towers (fengling), bedrock exposed on the seabed, sandy mud seabed, and submerged channels. Like the landscape, the biodiversity is also high in ecosystems composed of scrub cover - bare hills, rainy tropical forests, paddy fields and gardens, swamps, caves, beaches, mangrove forests, tidal flats, rocky coasts, marine krast lakes, coral reefs, hard bottoms, seagrass beds and soft bottoms. The ecosystems on the Cat Ba Islands that support very high species biodiversity include tropical evergreen rainforests, soft bottoms; coral reefs, mangrove forests, and marine karst lakes. A total of 2,380 species have been recorded in the Cat Ba Islands, included 741 species of terrestrial plants; 282 species of terrestrial animals; 30 species of mangrove plants; 287 species of phytoplankton; 79 species of seaweed; 79 species of zooplankton; 196 species of marine fishes; 154 species of corals; and 538 species of zoobenthos. Many of these species are listed in the Red Book of Vietnam as endangered species, included the white-headed or Cat Ba langur (Trachypithecus poliocephalus), a famous endemic species. Human activities have resulted in significantly changes to the landscape end ecosytems of the Cat Ba islands; however, many natural aspects of the islandsd have been preserved. For this reason, the Cat Ba Islands were recognized as a Biological Reserved Area by UNESCO in 2004.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.176-180
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• 2008

In days to calyx-flex stage test, flower development affected by light intensity, light duration and the prevailing temperature. As, 'Jacaranda' variety shorter in under 46 days of flower bud formation and 13 days of calyx-flex stage than the other variety with 'Queen Elizabeth' control variety. About cut flower only 'Grand Vicki Brown' (as within 46 days of flower formation, 13 days of calyx stage and 'Jacaranda', both with shorter plants than the other varieties produced cut flower classified as short and medium-stemmed cut flowers. 'Jacaranda', 'Vicki Brown', 'Golden Times', 'Champagne', 'Osiana', and 'Queen Elizabeth (control variety)' flowered earlier from 46.7 to 50.8 days from pruning. Flower development was likewise faster in all the above mentioned cultivars; while 'Tineke' had significantly delayed flower development reaching calyx-flex stage from 0.5 cm bud size after 51.0 days. The top ten high yielding varieties were 'American Orange', with a net income of P3,081,676.00; 'Yellow Island' with P1,572,874.00; 'Frosty Pink' with P1,085,183.00; 'Champagne' with P980,620.00; 'Coral Pink' with P959,669.00; 'Lara Pink' with P918,444.00; 'Lara Orange' with P714,252.00; 'Grand Gala' with P705,787.00; 'Golden Times' with P806,489.00; and 'Lady X' with P778,060.00 net returns.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.180-187
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the reproductive characteristics of the Neon damselfish Pomacentrus coelestis in Chuuk lagoon (7°27' N, 151°53' E), Micronesia, Equatorial Pacific Ocean. The specimens used in this study were collected from August 2009 to September 2010 from around the coral reef area at a depth of 3-10 m in the northwest coast of Weno Island. Overall, 228 individuals were collected over 14 months from this area, of which 115 were females and 108 were males. Among 108 males, 30 were found to be hermaphrodites and the sex of 5 individuals could not be determined. The overall sex ratio was approximately 1.06:1 (female:male), and the ratio of sexually active individuals was 0.79:1. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) fluctuated and showed the highest value of 8.43±1.21 in December 2009 and the lowest value of 3.36±0.71 in September 2009 in sexually active females. Males showed the highest GSI value of 2.64±0.93 in June 2010 and the lowest value of 0.35±0.06 in July 2010. Based on the fluctuation of GSI, the trends in the appearance of monthly sexually active individuals, and biopsy of the gonads, P. coelestis was found to be a hermaphrodite species of protogynous type and is considered to be reproductively active throughout the year.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.141-145
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• 2000

The daily fluctuations of occurrence rate and standing stock of zooplankton, the relationship between dry and wet weights of gelatinous zooplankton, and the size distributions of body length and body weight of zooplankton were investigated in the sea around Cheju Island from September 1996 to August 1997. Mean ratios of wet to dry weights were 66.46 (raging from 47.05 to 84.64) in the gelatinous zooplankton and 10.89 (raging 9.21 to 14.85) in the non-gelatinous zooplankton which consisted of crustaceans such as copepods, decapods, mysids, and ostracods etc. Rarios of gelatinous zooplankton to non-gelatinous zooplankton (G/NG) in wet weight was 0.99 (0.28-2.30), indicating high occurrence rate of gelatinous in the study area. The seasonal and diel fluctuations of the gelatinous zooplankton were very large, and G/NG ratios greatly varied with seasons and dat/night cycles. The size distributions of body length of zooplankton (250-500 urn: 35.5% in maximum), and wet (0.1-0.2 mg: 34.4%) and dry weights (0.025-0.05 mg: 44.8%) showed much difference depending composition of the zooplankton groups. These results show that quantitative estimations of zooplankton produc- tivity only based on wet weight should be corrected to better understand and evaluate marine resources in Korean waters.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.204-212
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• 2005

Recognition has emerged that nutrient inputs from the submarine discharge of fresh, brackish, and marine groundwaters into the coastal ocean are comparable to the inputs via river discharge. The coastal areas of the Korea peninsula and adjacent seas exhibit particular importance in the role of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), in terms of the magnitude of SGD and associated continental material fluxes. For example, in the southern sea of Korea, SGD transports excess nutrients into the coastal regions and thus appears to influence ecosystem changes such as the outbreak of red tides. Around volcanic island, Jeju, which is composed of high permeability rocks, the amount of SGD is higher by orders of magnitude relative to the eastern coast of North America where extensive SGD studies have been conducted. In particular, nutrient discharge through SGD exerts a significant control on coastal ecosystem changes and results in benthic eutrophication in semi-enclosed Bang-du bay, Jeju. In the entire area of the Yellow Sea, tile submarine discharge of brackish groundwater and associated nutrients are found to rival the river discharges into the Yellow Sea, including those through Yangtze River, Han River, etc. In the eastern coast of the Korea peninsula, SGD is significantly higher during summer than winter due to high hydraulic gradients and due to wide distribution of high permeability sandy zones, faults, and fractures. On the other hand, in the estuarine water, downstream construction of the dam in the Nakdong River, SGD was highest when the river discharge was lowest (but water level of the dam was highest). This suggests that even though there is no visible freshwater discharge into this estuary, the discharge of chemical species is significant through SGD. On the basis of the results obtained from the coastal areas of the Korea peninsula, SGD is considered to be an important pathway of continental contaminants influencing tidal-flat ecosystems, red tides, and coral ecology. Thus, future costal management should pay great attention to the impact of SGD on coastal pollution and eutrophication.