• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.517-551
• /
• 2012

We are imitating animals. True imitation can be defined as a learning to do an act from seeing it done by others. We have been building culture by imitating others' skills and knowledge with high fidelity. In this regard, it is important to ask how the faculty of imitation has evolved and how imitation behaviors develop ontogenetically. It is also interesting to see whether nonhuman animals can imitate truly or not and how different imitation learning is among human and non-human animals. In this paper, first I review empirical data from imitation studies with human and nonhuman animals. Comparing different species, I highlight their different levels of copying fidelity and explain the reason why they are showing the difference. Then I review recent studies on neurobiological mechanisms underlying imitation. The initial neurobiological studies on imitation in humans suggested a core imitation circuitry composed of mirror neuron system [inferior parietal lobule(IPL) and inferior frontal gyrus(IFG)] and the posterior part of the superior temporal sulcus(pSTS). More recent studies on the neurobiology of imitation, however, has gone beyond the studies on the core mechanisms. Finally, I try to find out implications of psychology and biology of imitation for cultural evolution. I argue for a memetic approach to cultural evolution, along the lines with a recent study on measuring memes by mirror neurons system.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
• /
• v.10 no.6
• /
• pp.484-498
• /
• 2004

In this paper. we propose a novel performance monitoring scheme for heterogeneous SOAP nodes. The scheme is basically based on two-level (kernel-level and user-level) packet filtering of TCP flows. By TCP flow, we mean a sequence of raw packet streams on a TCP transaction. In this scheme, we detect and extract SOAP operations embedded in SOAP messages from TCP flows. Therefore, it becomes possible to monitor heterogeneous SOAP nodes deployed on diverse SOAP-based middlewares such as .Net and Apache AXIS. We present two implementation mechanisms for the proposed scheme. The first mechanism tries to identify SOAP operations by analyzing all fragmented SOAP messages on TCP flows. However, a naive policy would incur untolerable overhead since it needs to copy all packets from kernel to user space. The second mechanism overcomes this problem by selectively copying packets from kernel to user space. For selective copying, we use a kernel-level packet filtering method that makes use of some representative TCP flags.(e.g. SIN, FIN and PSH). In this mechanism, we can detect SOAP operations only from the last fragment of SOAP messages in most cases. Finally, we implement a SOAP monitoring system using a component ca]led SOAP Sniffer that realizes our proposed scheme, and show experimental results. We strongly believe that our system will play a vital role as a tool for various services such as transaction monitoring and load balancing among heterogeneous SOAP nodes.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• no.21
• /
• pp.154-165
• /
• 1999

It is characteristic that houses designed by Adolf Loos show commonly a contradictory aspect between the exterior and interior. The exteriors of the houses are simple and on the other hand the interiors are affluent to the greatest degree. At that time, a stylized gorgeous decoration of the inner space had been prevailed in general among the historicism and Vienna Secession people, and such an inner spatial conception as by Loos must have brought a turning point for the development of a new inner spatial conception which can by itself be called revolutionary. This study is gong to clarify the fact that Loos has been in full consideration of the emotional side basically for the human being in the conception of inner space, by complementing the respect that his conception of the inner spatial composition, concentrating purity, comfort and classicalism on the furniture. Despite the independency of the Loos furniture is near copying, different from existing creative conception, it can be meaningful in respect that it creates out a rather accustomed and still a new space thought adding a little transformation to the existing classical furniture. So this study is going to re-establish the characteristics of the Loos furniture which work as the greatest impact in the composition of affluent inner space, the prototypical characteristics of that furniture, and the basical thinking system of Loos which can be found out in a little transformatiov.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.203-210
• /
• 2007

Since the emissions composition from the household products have potentially been associated with health risks for building occupants, the chemical composition emitted from the products should be surveyed. The current study identified the emission composition for 42 liquid household products, using a purge-and-trap method. This evaluation was done by classifying the household products into five product classes (deodorizers, household cleaners, color removers, pesticides, and polishes). Nineteen compounds were chosen on the basis of selection criteria. The quality control program for purge-and-trap and analytical systems included tests of laboratory blank Tenax traps and blank water samples, and the determination of calibration equation, measurement precision, method detection limit (MDL), and recovery. The number of chemicals varied according to the product categories, ranging from 4 for the product category of bleaches to 12 for the product categories of air fresheners and nail color removers. For all product categories, the emission composition and concentrations varied broadly according to product. It is noteworthy that most household products emit limonene: 19 of 25 cleaning products; 5 of 6 deodorizers; 1 of 3 pesticides; 3 of 3 color removers; and 4 of 5 polishes. It was suggested that the use of household products sold in Korea could elevate the formation of secondary toxic pollutants in indoor environments, by the reaction of limonene with ozone, which entered indoor environments or might be generated by indoor sources such as electronic air cleaning devices and copying machines.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.273-285
• /
• 2008

In this paper we propose an engineering bill of materials (E-BOM) copy method that can be utilized to manage the product information for each equipment during building a product lifecycle management (PLM) system in the order-specific semiconductor equipment manufacturer. The previous works studied on an E-BOM creation and management method for the mass manufacturing and production. The method is difficult to apply to an environment in which many engineering changes occur and the different specification to each equipment is required such as semiconductor equipments and facilities adopting built-to-order instead of built for inventory. Moreover the method is known to be the major drawback to deteriorate the design efficiency. Our E-BOM copy method enables users efficiently to manage the specification of a product and shortens the product development cycle. To implement the E-BOM copy method in the PLM environment, we developed the E-BOM copy system that automatically generates new parts and their numbers according to the numbering rule while copying the E-BOM from existing semiconductor equipments and then can apply the parts for reuse to new semiconductor equipments. This system can duplicate not only 3D CAD data but also technical documents.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.117-124
• /
• 2011

Automotive engines require strategies to fulfill the emission regulations in terms of NOx and PM. A dramatic reduction in NOx and PM emissions could be achieved with high pressure injection, innovative combustion strategies and EGR. Recently, Lean NOx Trap (LNT) and Urea-SCR are considered as more practical strategy to suppress the engine-out emissions substantially for copying with severe regulation. These systems need to reduce the reducing agent injection system which has a huge impact on NOx purification efficiency. In this paper, different three injectors have been used to investigate spray characteristics and engine emission test was conducted to clarify the effect of these injectors on the NOx reduction.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• v.24
• /
• pp.55-59
• /
• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of glycerine on the properties of paper. Two types of glycerine treatment were used. First type, when making handsheets, glycerine was added in the plup slurry. Second type, copying paper was soaked in glycerine solution. Microwave treatment was used for the test of paper degradation. The obtained results were summarized as follows: 1. The glycerin was very effective to improve the property of softness. 2. The glycerine was helpful to increase sizing performance of paper as a fixing agent of sizing emulsion. 3. Curl tester was comparatively useful for the measuring of sizing degree.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.67-78
• /
• 2000

This is a study on the art style of amimal fight in Scytian ornaments which had been popular in Steppe region of Eurasia. Animals were considered to have magical power and to provide protection against evil or disaster and representations of them thus occupied an important place in life. This style reflected the mythology, the ethical and aesthetic ideals of the warrior-nomad. With a magnificent understanding of composition and the essential nature of the material, craftsmen fashioned utilitarian objects in animal form: weaponry, horse trappings, clothes, ornaments and jewellery and other everyday objects were all decorated with zoomorphic motifs. Without copying nature, they accurately conveyed the essence of every beast depicted. The highly stylized modelling uses bold accentuated planes, while distinctive features associated with particular species are emphasized and exaggerated. The purpose and meaning of the animal motifs used in Scythian ornaments appears that in some cases the work was intended to be purely ornamental, while many times the motifs had symbolic meaning (such as the successful dominance of the aggressor over the victim portrayed in the attack scenes). Magical use of symbols may have been intended to guarantee the power of the aggressor.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.135-156
• /
• 2007

This paper aims to analyze distribution structure of commercial Internet knowledge exchange markets. To that end, it has four specific study goals. First, define the type and volume of information available at the Internet knowledge exchange market as well as that of market users. Second, analyze distribution structure of the Internet knowledge exchange market. Third, identify current issues regarding infringement of intellectual property rights and conduct a survey to understand current standing of Internet knowledge exchange markets' IPR violation. Forth, assess application of Digital Rights Management(DRM) to Internet knowledge exchange markets and DRM's role in controlling unauthorized copying and illegal uses.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.72-92
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this thesis is to review relationship between various expression method in modern make-up and the tendency of Neo-Avantgarde. In this paper, the author classified the distinctive characters in Neo-Avantagarde with Historicism, Decadence, Humor, and Inhumanism and explained innovation and creatio which is manifested in the late 1990\`s make-up by studying Neo-Avantgarde tendency expressed in modern make-up. The results are as follows. 1. The Historicism in modern make-up is expressed in Japanese Kabuki Make-up, Chinese Pecking Opera make-up, and Primitive mask Make-up in Africa. 2. The Decadence is manifested in Tattoo make-up which is expressing fetishism and fin-de-냗칟 image, and Snobism Make-up which is expressing selg-ostentation and eroticism with artificial nail and eyelash. 3. The humor appears to the Character Make-up copying the characters in doll plays, animation and juvenile story. In addition it is showed in Kitsch Make-up, which has vulagr, rustic and childish image by wearing so diffusive and cheap ornaments. 4. The Inhumanism is appeared in Graphic Make-up which is in the pursuit of the visual happiness. It includes simple geometrical type, drawing and coloring. It is also showed in Vampire Make-up, which means the make-up style mading horro, hizarrerie, and mistery by primary color(black and red) make-up. As the above, Neo-Avantgarde can account for the diversity and pluralism of contemporary make-up.