• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.249-259
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the coping process that family caregivers experience during the process of care, to grasp coping behaviors used to solve problems and, finally, to develop a substantive theory by analyzing the coping process. Method: The methodology of collecting and analyzing data used in this study followed the ground theory of Strauss and Corbin(1998). Data were collected through in-depth interviews with open-ended and descriptive questions about the subjects' coping experiences, which were audio-taped and transcribed. The survey was conducted between February 2000 and February 2001. The subjects of this study were 17 women. Result: The result of the study is as follows. The coping process of family caregivers while taking care of the demented elderly was found to have six stages: problem recognition: undertaking care: struggling: mental control: burden mediation; and acceptance. These stages proceed with reciprocal action and in cycle. Conclusion: The result of this study is helpful for developing effective and individual nursing strategies suitable for each coping stage. It is necessary to develop an assessment tool that can judge caregivers' coping stage based on the result of this study. Moreover, we need continuous study to practice nursing mediation and to analyze the change about nursing effect and family members' adaptation.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.119-129
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• 2007

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to understand the coping experience that family caregivers undergo during the process of care, to grasp coping behaviors used to solve problems and, finally, to develop a substantive theory by analyzing the coping process. Method: The methodology of collecting and analyzing data used in this study followed the ground theory. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with open-ended and descriptive questions about the subjects' coping experiences. The survey was conducted between May 2006 and August. The subjects of this study were 10 women. Result: The result of the study is as follows. Core category of This Study was "Self-Sacrifice". And The coping process of family caregivers while taking care of the industrial disaster victim was found to have five stages: shocked stage; undertaking stage of new role; skilled stage; exhausted stage; and desiderating stage. Seven coping behaviors were found to reduce the stress of role and anguish resulting from care. Conclusion: The result of this study is helpful for developing effective industrial nursing strategies suitable for each coping stage. It is necessary to practice nursing mediation and to analyze the change about nursing effect and family caregivers' adaptation.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.1-19
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• 2015

Purpose This study discusses the contradictory behavior of smart-phone users who consider security is important, but they do not follow the security recommendations. We found through literature research that this contradictory behavior is resulted from a low level of efficacy. Design/methodology/approach Research hypotheses were set based on Extended Parallel Process Model, Control Theory, and Self Efficacy Mechanism. The data were collected from undergraduate students. Total of 178 data were used for the analysis. Findings Results of the analysis, first, showed that the relationship between threat and security attitude varies with the level of coping efficacy. Second, showed that the relationship between threat and fear does not vary with the level of coping efficacy. Both the groups with high coping efficacy and low coping efficacy had a statistically significant effect on the relationship between threat and fear.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.709-729
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• 1996

This study was done to analyze the trends of research on coping in Korea, to suggest future direction, for research on coping, and ultimately to contribute to an increase in explanation of adaptation. This article reviewed 79 nursing research papers on coping done since 1978 by examining them according to the period of publication or presentation, research design, type of subjects, measurement instruments, research for a degree or not, range of reliability, and association of coping and related variables. The results are as follows : The number of studies on coping increased rapidly from the mid-1980's and decreased slowly from the mid-1990's. The maority of the studies were surveys, comparative studies, or correlational studies. The subects of the 46 studies were healthy people, while those in the remaining studies were patients with a variety of illnesses. Thirth-eight studies on coping were done for master's thesis, three for dissertion, and 38 were not degrees. The Bell and Jalowiec coping scales have not been used since the early 1990's. In contrast, Lazarus and Folkman's W.C.C.L. has been used increasingly since that time. The reliabilities of the coping scale were reported in 37 cases and the Cronbach's alpha coefficients were .71 to .86. All subjects reported using more problem-oriented coping than emotion-oriented coping in short-term or emotion-oriented coping and healthy groups did more long-term coping. It was difficult to describe consistently the relationship between stress and coping according to the type of coping scale or research subjects, but generally moderate relationships were found. This was due to instrumental problems and no consideration of situational context. The subject group who used more short-term coping and less long-term coping reported poorer mental status, and higher scores in burnout and state anxiey than others. That is, the relationship between stress and adaptation increased the power of explanation with intervening the mediating effect of coping. The association of locus of control, mastery, social support, and self-concept with coping showed positive relationships : those of uncertainty and severity in illness with coping showed negativerelationships ; those of state anxiety and depression with short-term coping were positive, and those of self-esteem with long-term coping or problem-oriented coping were negative. There were significant differences in the scores of types of coping according to religion, level of education, and socio-economic status. That is, Presbyterians and Catholics, those with higher education levels and higher socio-economic status used more long-term or problem-oriented coping. On the basis of the above findings the following recommendations are made : 1. There is a need to test the mediating effect of coping variable in order to clarify the concept. 2. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine the patterns of change in coping strategies when stressful events are encountered. 3. It's necessary to develop a reliable and variable measurement tool for coping. 4. There is a need to identify subscales of coping to increase explanation of variance 5. It's necessary to consider personal, situational, and antecedent variables : the characteristics of subject populations, the natures of illness and treatment situations. 6. The power of explanation of studies designed to identify the stress-adaptation process should be increased using the combination model of process-oriented coping and cognitive-structural model.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.345-353
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the stress-coping process used by elderly people. Method: This study was based on the grounded theory methodology of Strauss & Corbin. The participants were 15 elders selected by theoretical sampling. Over a period of 3 months, in-depth interviews using audiotape recording were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed simultaneously by a constant comparative method in which new data were continuously coded in categories and properties according to Strauss and Corbin's methodology, Result: Stress in elderly people is caused by illness, family conflict, and loss of economic power. Stress occurred in connection with aging and limitation of social activity. The central incidents for stress were fear, alienation and anxiety. It was found that action/interactional strategies of stress-coping behavior were related to social support and mobility disorders. Action/interactional strategies to stress-coping in elderly people were dependent on medical treatment, mind control, participation of social activity, and renunciation of offensive behavior. Stress-coping in elderly people resulted in stability or instability in body and mind. Conclusion: It is suggested that the results of this study may contribute to the development stress-coping strategies for elderly people. There is need to develop social support systems and a positive environment to avoid negative coping strategies.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.42-59
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• 2000

This study was done to analyze and develop the concept of coping in patients receiving hemodialysis. The Hybrid Model of concept development was applied to develop a conceptual structure of coping in patients receiving hemodialysis, which included a field study carried out using an in-dept interview with 18 patients in the hemodialysis room of one general hospital in Seoul. Data-analysis was done in three phases as suggested by the Hybrid Model. Finally, by summarizing the results from each case, the attributes of coping, its dimensions, definition and structure were outlined. According to the results of the study, a conceptual structure of coping which centers around stressors, stress-appraisal, strategy of coping and new definitions of coping in patients receiving hemodialysis was suggested : The coping of patients receiving hemodialysis is a process that deals with physical, emotional, inter-personal, and role stress caused by hemodialysis due to renal failure. It has a series of phases which include a phase that appraises the stressful situation based on past experience of chronic disease management, one's remaining rears, the extent of family support, the extent of economic dependency, inter-personal support. education and uncertainty, and a phase of developing coping strategies that con be affected by social support and self esteem. As a result of coping, patients adapt or not to the life situation of receiving hemodialysis.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.140-149
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the coping process of chief Executive Nurses(CENs) Who Had Experienced Unexpected Dismissal.The research question was "would you tell me about your experience of sudden dismissal?" Method: The methodology of collecting and analyzing data used in this study followed the ground theory of Strauss and Corbin (1998). Data were collected through in-depth interviews with open-ended questions about the subjects' coping experiences, which were audio-taped and transcribed. The survey was conducted between April and May, 2007. The subjects of this study were 5 CENs. Result: The results of the study are as follows. Core category of This Study was "Battling unsupported against the overwhelming reality." The participants had to face the most unexpected reality of being laid off. Their emotional/psychological response were betrayal, powerlessness, lonesomeness, sorrow, and hopelessness. They felt like a general who is facing overwhelming enemy in a war. The coping process was found to have four stages: shocked stage, resisting stage, negotiating stage and reflecting and transcending stage. Conclusion: The result of this study suggested that ceaseless exertion and cooperation at organizational and individual levels are needed to establish stable status and power of nursing departments and CENs in hospitals.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.4095-4099
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• 2016

Background: Use of spiritual/ religious resources is one important coping strategy for breast cancer patients. However, the relationship between spiritual coping and adjustment to cancer diagnosis has not been well investigated among Iranian breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was undertaken among 266 breast cancer patients referred to two educational centers in north-western Iran. They were selected using a convenience sampling method. The Iranian Religious Coping Scale and Iranian Coping Operations Preference Enquiry were used for data collection. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 13.0. Results: The study findings showed that Iranian cancer patients had a high level of spiritual coping. Also, positive religious coping strategies were used more frequently than negative approaches. In addition, there was a positive and significant correlation between spiritual coping and adjustment to cancer among study participants. Conclusions: Using spiritual coping strategies may play a vital role in adjustment process in patients with breast cancer. Therefore, having spiritual counseling and incorporating coping strategies into the treatment regimen may be effective for enhancing illness adjustment in such patients.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.55-71
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of coping behaviors of non-professional working mothers and find out the individual and situational factors which affect the degree of coping behaviors. For this research, the working mothers in non-professional job with children under age 18 answered the structured questionaire. The findings were as follows. First, the degree of coping behaviors was rather high in multiple role management strategies, strengthening family system and positive thinking, but rather low in housework socialization and role reduction/standard adjustment. Second, the effect of associated variables were different according to the subcategories of coping behaviors. So we conclude that, the coping behaviors of the non-professional working mothers were different from those of professional working mothers in some aspects, althought they have much similarities. The different aspects were 1) The relationship of family income and the degree of housework socialization was more evident. 2) The work-related variables did not affect the coping process significantly because of the conservative sex-role attitued of them. Second, non-professional working mothers should use coping behaviors such as housework socialization, role reduction/standard adjustment more for the more effective management of the role strain. Third, the attitude of occupational and parental role was one of the most important factors in using the role strain coping behaviors. And such an unconscious use of the coping behavior won't be helpful in the feeling of control over environment including role strain and active coping of working mothers.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.197-211
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• 2024

Objectives: Recovery from drug addiction often poses challenges for the recovering person. The coping mechanisms employed by these individuals to resist temptations and manage stress play a key role in the healing process. This study was conducted to explore the coping strategies or techniques that individuals with addiction use to handle stress and temptation while undergoing treatment. Methods: A qualitative meta-synthesis approach was utilized to critically evaluate relevant qualitative research. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines were used for article selection, with these standards applied to 4 academic databases: Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, and CINAHL. The present review included studies published between 2014 and 2023, selected based on pre-established inclusion criteria. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Studies Checklist. This review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the registration number CRD42024497789. Results: The analysis of 13 qualifying qualitative articles revealed 5 major themes illustrating the coping mechanisms employed in the pursuit of recovery by individuals who use drugs. These themes include seeking social support, as well as psychological coping strategies, spiritual experiences, professional interventions, and the enhancement of awareness. Conclusions: Among individuals with drug addiction, coping mechanisms are crucial for resisting stress and temptations throughout the recovery process. Healthcare professionals, as medical specialists, can establish more thorough and effective plans to support these patients on their path to recovery.