• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.78-78
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• 1995

Increasing evidence indicates that the production of nitric oxide (NO) by inducible NO synthase (NOS) is tightely regulated. Transforming growth factor-${\beta}$ (TGF-${\beta}$) is a homodimeric protein secreted during macrophage activation, but several lines of evidence suggest that TGF-${\beta}$ is selectively suppressive for macrophage NO production. We therefore reasoned that a strategy employing oligodeoxynucleotides(ODNs) complemently to TGF-${\beta}$ mRNA (antisense ODNs) might increase NO production in IFN-${\gamma}$-treated murine peritoneal macrophages. To evaluate this concept, we tested the effects of antisense ODNs targeted to TGF-${\beta}$ mRNA (25-mer ODNs complemently to TGF-${\beta}$mRNA sequences) by introducing it into the medium of cultured macrophages. Phosphorothiolation of ODNs were employed to retard their degradation. Antisense ODNs had no effect on NO production by itself, whereas IFN-${\gamma}$ alone had modest effect. When antisense ODNs were used in combination with IFN-${\gamma}$, there was a marked cooperative induction of NO production, These effects of antisense ODNs were associated with decreased TGF-${\beta}$ expression in activated macrophages. ODNs with the same nucleotides but a scrambled sequence had no effect. Adding anti-TGF-${\beta}$ antibodies to the IFN-${\gamma}$-treated macrophages mimicked the positive effect of antisense ODNs on NO production. In addition, the effects of either antisense ODNs or anti-TGF-${\beta}$ antibodies were blocked by adding TGF-${\beta}$ in cultured macrophages. These results indicate that the generation of TGF-${\beta}$ by activated macrophages provides a self-regulating mechanism by which the temporal and perhaps spatial production of NO, a reactive and potentially toxic mediator, can be finely regulated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.157-167
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to explore the students injuries by analyzing the data which has been inputted by the emergency center of the cooperated hospitals and the 119 rescue party through the injury surveillance system in Cheonan city. Method : Students were divided into the elementary, middle, high school students with the 776 cases of children and teenagers(7-19years old) of injury surveillance system in Cheonan area from january to june in 2009. Frequency analysis and $x^2$-test was done to recognize the features of students injuries among the groups. The program to be used for the statistical analysis is SPSS 17.0. Result : Out of the injury incidence rate, the elementary school students(52.1%) are first, the high school students (24.9%) are second, the middle school students appear to be 23.1%. Male is about two times higher than female by 66.6% in the injury incidence. In terms of the injury mechanism, the injury(22.2%) by hit is the first, the traffic accident(21.5%) is the second, the slippery(16.8%) is followed. The injuries were occurred most largely at 16:00-20:00(33.4%), and the 33.6% of injury by daily leisure activity occurs at 16:00-20:00 chiefly. Conclusion : Analysis using the data of the injury surveillance system has some advantages compared to the previous research such as reliability and specification. To prevent the students injuries, not the individual problem but the social dimension should be acknowledged so that we can secure and promote the safety from the risk. Therefore, we must organize the role assignment and the cooperative network in the school, home and community.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.38-47
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• 2003

Distributed problem solving is the cooperative solution of problem by a decentralized and loosely couped collection of knowledge-sources (KS's), located in a number of distinct processor nodes. The contract net protocol has been developed to specify problem-solving communication and control for nodes in a distributed problem solver. Task distribution is affected by a negotiation process, a discussion carried on between nodes with tasks to be executed and nodes that may be able to execute tasks In this paper, we present the coordination method among distributed intrusion detection system and firewall by the contract net protocol. The method enhances the intrusion detection performance and provides the communication methods. To mode IDS and firewall, security models hue been hierarchically constructed based on the DEVS (Discrete Event system Specification) formalism. Each ID agent cooperates through the contract net protocol for detecting intrusions. The IDS which detects the intrusion informs to firewall, so the harmful network traffic is blocked. If an agent detects infusions, the agent transfers attacker's information to a firewall. Using this mechanism attacker's packets detected by In can be prevented from damaging the network.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.36 no.3 s.69
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• pp.1-24
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• 2005

Korean fishery wage system has been evolved with the different titles. However, Since the law of fishing crew was enacted in 1984, the fishery wage system has been established as a rate system, which is a legal term. The present rate system in practice shows various contents and modalities, depending on fisheries and regions, but the fisheries of large trawl cooperative employ a rate system of fixed plus rate wage. However, such change did not transform basically the properties of pure rate scheme. As well known, fishing vessel owners face an awful lot of difficulty in managing and controlling effectively the production process because fishing activities are carried out in the seas remote from the land. Thus, it tend to be inevitable for vessel owners to employ a rate system to induce fishermen's positive motivation for promoting productivity and saving operating costs. However, the rate system has worked out as a driving force, which induce an increase in production more strongly under the expansion of vessel numbers and power and the keener competition of fishing activities. Even though the control mechanism of fishing instruments are well established, fishermen become naturally to have an incentive to increase their fishing effort for maximizing production since they are able to raise their shares by maximizing the quantity harvested. Thus, as far as the rate system exists, fisheries administration may have much difficulty in realizing its fishery management goals only through vessel reduction and fishing gear regulations. Also, under the rate system fishery management authority may be in face of a serious dilemma between the spontaneous rate system and vessel reduction policy. If the realistic aspect of the rate system is recognized and resource restoration and profit promotion are main policy goals, it is necessary to develop effective ways to control vessel owners' and fishermen's production-maximizing motives at an appropriate level. From this point of view, it seems reasonable to introduce TAC system by species or by fisheries into the existing fishery system. The research results suggest that if the fisheries administration could understand clearly the spontaneous fisheries wage system, it would know the norm of TAC and the basic reasons for illegal fishing activities and thus it would be able to develop and implement more realistic resource management policies.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.259-263
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• 2016

Lung cancer has a high mortality rate and is often diagnosed at the metastatic stage. Gefitinib is a targeted molecular therapeutic drug used to treat patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Korean herbal medicines may also have therapeutic efficacy against lung cancer, reduce the side effects associated with chemotherapy, and improve patient quality of life (QOL). This case report describes the effects of a Korean herbal medicine regimen combined with gefitinib in a patient with NSCLC and bone metastasis. The Korean herbal medicine regimen included woohwanggeosa-dan, hwanggibujeong-dan and geonchilgyebok-jeong. The computed tomography (CT) findings showed that following combination treatment, the size of the tumor was markedly decreased without serious adverse events. Moreover, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status was improved and cancer-related pain was decreased. These results suggest that a combination of Korean herbal medicines and gefitinib may be an effective therapeutic option for patients with advanced NSCLC and bone metastasis. Further studies are needed to examine the mechanism and the clinical efficacy of Korean herbal medicines against NSCLC.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.194-218
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• 2008

The public-private partnership concept can encompass a broad range of cooperative relations and a broad variety of programmes in terns of size, objectives and design. This paper aims to analyze the components of public-private partnership mechanisms in the context of science and technology innovation policy. The research methodologies are based on semi-structured interviews with policy makers in four countries with six PPP programme : the France, the Netherlands, the Australia and Austria. It also attempts to understanding of the components that explain the increase of collaboration between national innovation system and PPPs. The taxonomy and essential components of PPPs were identified : mission-oriented PP/Ps, market-Oriented PP/Ps, cluster-oriented PP/Ps, and ISRs-Oriented PP/Ps. The taxonomy of regulatory regime can be a reference point for identifying the relative status of Korea's PPPs.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.505-510
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• 2016

This paper presents a searching method of corresponding points robust to rotational error for scan-matching used for SLAM(Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) in mobile robot. A differential driving mechanism is one of the most popular type for mobile robot. For driving curved path, this type controls the velocities of each two wheels independently. This case increases a wheel slip of the mobile robot more than the case of straight path driving. And this is the reason of a drifting problem. To handle this problem and improves the performance of scan-matching, this paper proposes a searching method of corresponding points using extraction of a closest point based on rotational radius of the mobile robot. To verify the proposed method, the experiment was conducted using LRF(Laser Range Finder). Then the proposed method is compared with an existing method, which is an existing method based on euclidian closest point. The result of our study reflects that the proposed method can improve the performance of searching corresponding points.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.505-534
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to explore the key elements of the regional innovative milieu by analyzing the role of regional innovative elements and case organizations that promoted the emergence of 'Songakdongnesaramdeul (the people of the Songak town),' and to present pertinent policy implications. For the purpose, this study set the "Songakdongnesaramdeul," a residential community organization founded for regional innovation to revitalize the village community, as a case organization from the perspective of regional innovation system theory. The result of the study showed that creating an innovative milieu through the creation of various innovation elements to revitalize the village community is crucial. Especially, this study confirmed that the existence of regional development organizations is the key element of the innovative milieu. such as case organization that contributes to regional development while promoting interaction between actors, common learning and systemization, and new value creation activities. The implications derived through the study can be summarized in four points. First, a variety of means to promote the formation of subjects in response to the public debate of the village agenda is needed. Second, it is highly important to create innovative elements, for example, organizations and programs, resources, and spaces that promote regional innovation. Third, forming a close network between various innovative resources existing in the region and establishing regional capabilities that allow to mobilize and utilize such innovative resources are important. Fourth, the establishment of a promotion mechanism such as a case organization is suggested as a major task, to revitalize the village community. Specifically, forming and revitalizing numerous private-based community organizations with regional developmental capabilities to establish local governance also has significant importance. In this vein, based on the point of view of the regional innovation system theory, the establishment of regional policies to construct a regional innovation milieu, such as creating innovative elements that can actively promote the regeneration of the village community and establishing a promotion system, can be presented as major tasks.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.11-20
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• 2021

Recently, natural disasters caused by climate change have become more frequent across the world. Our country is also not exceptional, and it is urgent to come up with appropriate measures in the agricultural sector as the size and intensity of drought are becoming severe. Consequently, the Ministry of Agriculture and Food has continuously raised the need for efficient water management and governance to overcome the periodic drought. Thus, there is a need for water-saving education and water conservation governance for sustainable and efficient use of agricultural water. Governance is a cooperative mechanism involving various stakeholders, such as central, local, civil society, and businesses, to solve regional or social problems, with different definitions and concepts depending on the field or scope. In this study, we aim to present basis of a governance framework for direct water management participation involving the key agricultural water use stakeholders to imbibe the culture of water savings and conservation practices. Based on this, water-saving governance was established and operated in Gyeongju and Yeoju, in South Korea as a 'water conservation practice', while the water management status of local farmers, the reliability and importance of stakeholders, and the need for governance were investigated. The results indicate that the involvement of various stakeholders in the governance of water management yielded water-saving effects. This study provides the directions of making a framework for water-saving governance establishment and operation. It is expected that sustainable agricultural water use can be achieved in response to climate change if the governance builds and operates with agricultural water use stakeholders based on the continuous government supports.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.44-64
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• 2017

Russia's push in the Asia-Pacific region stems from its interests that have the national, regional and global dimensions. In their turn, the aims of this policy are civilizational, geopolitical, economic and prospective, with a long-term outlook. In the course of their achievement, cooperation with Northeast Asia's countries will play one of the key roles owing to the factors of geographic proximity, Northeast Asia's economic potential, risk hedging and a growing influence Northeast Asia exerts upon the global development. A new cooperation paradigm between Russia and the states of Northeast Asia should be based upon establishing and cementing self-reproducing ties. This is the central aim of Russian initiatives in relations, with Japan, the Republic of Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolia and China. However, numerous obstacles ranging from Russia's absence in the regional free trade agreements and supply-production chains of value-added production to the permanent international instability generated by Pyongyang's missile-nuclear developments hamper the practical implementation of this task. Realizing the necessity to give an additional impetus to this new cooperative paradigm, Russia has to develop directions with an apparent consolidating effect. The most promising may be the establishment of a permanent security forum based upon Northeast Asia Peace and Security Mechanism chaired by the Russian Federation. The urgency of this measure and its expected support stem from the necessity to strengthen security in Northeast Asia, a task neither the US-led hub-and-spoke system nor ASE-AN-led multilateral dialogue venues have been able to resolve. The issues addressed at the security forum must include the unification of approaches to North Korean nuclear issue and producing a document specifying actions of the claimants on the disputed maritime territories in the "direct contact" situations. At the expert level, Russia has elaborated on the idea to establish such a forum outlining the spectrum of the key directions of cooperation. With the urgency in the establishment of this dialogue venue, its agenda has to be coordinated with the agendas of the existing security systems presented by the US alliances and the ASE-AN-led multilateral negotiations. The practical implementation of this initiative will strengthen security in Northeast Asia as its challenges will be resolved in the pre-emptive way based on coordinated approaches. Therefore, Russia as the Eurasian state will be one of the role players in the advent of the Asian century.