• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.53-84
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• 2013

With rapid development of ICT (Information and Communications Technology), new services by the convergence of mobile network and application technology began to appear. Today, smart phone with new ICT convergence network capabilities is exceedingly popular and very useful as a new tool for the development of business opportunities. Previous studies based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) suggested critical factors, which should be considered for acquiring new customers and maintaining existing users in smart phone market. However, they had a limitation to focus on technology acceptance, not value based approach. Prior studies on customer's adoption of electronic utilities like smart phone product showed that the antecedents such as the perceived benefit and the perceived sacrifice could explain the causality between what is perceived and what is acquired over diverse contexts. So, this research conceptualizes perceived value as a trade-off between perceived benefit and perceived sacrifice, and we need to research the perceived value to grasp user's continuous intention to use of smart phone. The purpose of this study is to investigate the structured relationship between benefit (quality, usefulness, playfulness) and sacrifice (technicality, cost, security risk) of smart phone users, perceived value, and continuous intention to use. In addition, this study intends to analyze the differences between two subgroups of smart phone users by the degree of personal innovativeness. Personal innovativeness could help us to understand the moderating effect between how perceptions are formed and continuous intention to use smart phone. This study conducted survey through e-mail, direct mail, and interview with smart phone users. Empirical analysis based on 330 respondents was conducted in order to test the hypotheses. First, the result of hypotheses testing showed that perceived usefulness among three factors of perceived benefit has the highest positive impact on perceived value, and then followed by perceived playfulness and perceived quality. Second, the result of hypotheses testing showed that perceived cost among three factors of perceived sacrifice has significantly negative impact on perceived value, however, technicality and security risk have no significant impact on perceived value. Also, the result of hypotheses testing showed that perceived value has significant direct impact on continuous intention to use of smart phone. In this regard, marketing managers of smart phone company should pay more attention to improve task efficiency and performance of smart phone, including rate systems of smart phone. Additionally, to test the moderating effect of personal innovativeness, this research conducted multi-group analysis by the degree of personal innovativeness of smart phone users. In a group with high level of innovativeness, perceived usefulness has the highest positive influence on perceived value than other factors. Instead, the analysis for a group with low level of innovativeness showed that perceived playfulness was the highest positive factor to influence perceived value than others. This result of the group with high level of innovativeness explains that innovators and early adopters are able to cope with higher level of cost and risk, and they expect to develop more positive intentions toward higher performance through the use of an innovation. Also, hedonic behavior in the case of the group with low level of innovativeness aims to provide self-fulfilling value to the users, in contrast to utilitarian perspective, which aims to provide instrumental value to the users. However, with regard to perceived sacrifice, both groups in general showed negative impact on perceived value. Also, the group with high level of innovativeness had less overall negative impact on perceived value compared to the group with low level of innovativeness across all factors. In both group with high level of innovativeness and with low level of innovativeness, perceived cost has the highest negative influence on perceived value than other factors. Instead, the analysis for a group with high level of innovativeness showed that perceived technicality was the positive factor to influence perceived value than others. However, the analysis for a group with low level of innovativeness showed that perceived security risk was the second high negative factor to influence perceived value than others. Unlike previous studies, this study focuses on influencing factors on continuous intention to use of smart phone, rather than considering initial purchase and adoption of smart phone. First, perceived value, which was used to identify user's adoption behavior, has a mediating effect among perceived benefit, perceived sacrifice, and continuous intention to use smart phone. Second, perceived usefulness has the highest positive influence on perceived value, while perceived cost has significant negative influence on perceived value. Third, perceived value, like prior studies, has high level of positive influence on continuous intention to use smart phone. Fourth, in multi-group analysis by the degree of personal innovativeness of smart phone users, perceived usefulness, in a group with high level of innovativeness, has the highest positive influence on perceived value than other factors. Instead, perceived playfulness, in a group with low level of innovativeness, has the highest positive factor to influence perceived value than others. This result shows that early adopters intend to adopt smart phone as a tool to make their job useful, instead market followers intend to adopt smart phone as a tool to make their time enjoyable. In terms of marketing strategy for smart phone company, marketing managers should pay more attention to identify their customers' lifetime value by the phase of smart phone adoption, as well as to understand their behavior intention to accept the risk and uncertainty positively. The academic contribution of this study primarily is to employ the VAM (Value-based Adoption Model) as a conceptual foundation, compared to TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) used widely by previous studies. VAM is useful for understanding continuous intention to use smart phone in comparison with TAM as a new IT utility by individual adoption. Perceived value dominantly influences continuous intention to use smart phone. The results of this study justify our research model adoption on each antecedent of perceived value as a benefit and a sacrifice component. While TAM could be widely used in user acceptance of new technology, it has a limitation to explain the new IT adoption like smart phone, because of customer behavior intention to choose the value of the object. In terms of theoretical approach, this study provides theoretical contribution to the development, design, and marketing of smart phone. The practical contribution of this study is to suggest useful decision alternatives concerned to marketing strategy formulation for acquiring and retaining long-term customers related to smart phone business. Since potential customers are interested in both benefit and sacrifice when evaluating the value of smart phone, marketing managers in smart phone company has to put more effort into creating customer's value of low sacrifice and high benefit so that customers will continuously have higher adoption on smart phone. Especially, this study shows that innovators and early adopters with high level of innovativeness have higher adoption than market followers with low level of innovativeness, in terms of perceived usefulness and perceived cost. To formulate marketing strategy for smart phone diffusion, marketing managers have to pay more attention to identify not only their customers' benefit and sacrifice components but also their customers' lifetime value to adopt smart phone.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.549-556
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• 1998

To survey the recognition of Community Based Rehabilitation(CBR) by Public Health Center(PHC) Physical Therapists in Seoul Province. This study analysed general characteristic of Physical Therapists and cognition, participation, education, problems and requirements for CBR. The subjects of this study were 31 therapists who work at PHC in Seoul Province and Seoul City Childerns Municipal Hospital. Data was collected for 18 days from April 13 to 31, 1998 and results computed from 25 responses. First, Female therapists outnumber males. The age category 30 to 35 old represented 44.0% of the total number studied. 48.0% of therapists had worked more than 7 years and therapists usually 84.0% worked from 3 to 4 years at the PHC. Junior colleage graduates were 72.0%, and respondents with family responsibility were 52.0%. Second, Recently pain control and therapeutic exercises has become the major requirement of patients at PHC(56.0%). If the offered expanded services, a rehabilitation programe at PHC(36.0%) was highly. When asked about a working guide book, nobody had one. Third, 64.0% of therapists were aware of the present level of CBR, 28.0% of them had gotten an information from newspaper and mass media. Fourth, For CBR, 72.0% had positive ideas in which they could participate. 56.0% wished to compose a team of various rehabilitation specialists. 52.0% wished for the meeting day to be flexible and 64.0% desired to meet once or twice a week. Fifth, Almost all(92.0%) desired more educational opportunity about CBR. Example, once or twice a year(48.0%) and training period of 4 to 7 day(44.0%). They wanted to learn theory and parctice together(88.0%) and 48.0% wanted national mutirehabilitation center as a educational managing organization. Sixth, The most important requirement for accomplishing CBR by Physical Therapists was job security and adequate number of therapists(48.0%). Required number of physical therapists in the PHC was 3(52.0%). The cooperative agency should be the distict govement(32.0%) and community welfare center of the disabled persons(32.0%). Factors inhibiting the execution of CBR were lack of physical therapists(56.0%), and equipments for pain control and for therapeutic exercises(68.0%).

• 경영정보학연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.89-110
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• 2013

제휴마케팅으로 웹에서의 콘텐트 제공자가 수익을 창출할 수 있게 되었다. 그러나 콘텐트 제공자는 웹 사이트를 구축하여 일정 수준 이상의 고객을 끌어들이는데 어려움을 겪어왔다. 최근 SNS가 활성화되면서 누구나 쉽게 콘텐트 제공자가 될 수 있게 되었고, 자신의 SNS에 광고를 게재하고 제휴마케팅을 통해 수익을 창출하는 것이 용이하게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 트위터와 같은 마이크로블로그 기반 SNS에서 제휴마케팅에 영향을 주는 요인을 분석하였으며, 구성원들간의 연대관계가 이들 영향변수와 제휴마케팅 간에 조절역할을 하는지를 조사하였다. 실증분석에서는 제휴마케팅의 대용 변수로 클릭의도를 사용하였다. 실증분석을 통한 연구결과는 다음과 같다: 첫째, 마이크로블로그 기반 SNS의 보안 서비스, 커뮤니티 소통지원 서비스, 내비게이션 서비스, 콘텐트 품질은 클릭의도에 긍정적 영향을 미친다. 둘째, 마이크로블로그 기반 SNS에서 구성원들 간의 연대(연결강도)는 콘텐트 품질과 클릭의도간의 관계에서 조절역할을 한다. 약한 연대 그룹일수록 콘텐트 품질이 클릭의도에 긍정적 영향을 미친다. 끝으로 본 연구에서는 이들 연구결과가 주는 함의를 연구자와 실무자 관점에서 제시하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.75-80
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• 1998

To survey the recognition of Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR) by Public Health Center(PHC) Physical Therapists in Kyoungki Province. This study analysed general characteristic of Physical Therapists and congnition, participation, education, problems and requireanents for CBR. The objects of this study were 37 therapists who work at 27 of 39 PHC in Kyoungki province and data was collected for 20days from Jan. 12 to 31. 1998 and the results computed from 32 responses. First, Female therapists outnumber males. The age category 30 to 35 old represneted $56.2\%$ of the total number studied. $59.4\%$ of therapists had worked more than 7 years and therapists usually$(46.9\%)$ worked from 6 month to 2 years at the PHC. Junior college graduates were $84.4\%$, and respondents with family responsibilirt were $65.6\%$. Second, Recently pain control has become the major requirment of patiants at PH$(53.1\%)$. If they offered expaneded services - a rehabilitation program $(53.1\%)$, home vistation $(31.3\%)$. when asked about a working guide book, nobody had one. Third, $68.7\%$ of therapists were aware of the present level of CBR, $40.9\%$ of them had gotten an information from educated colleagues, and $68.7\%$ of therapists were aware of the present level of CBR, $86.4\%$ of therapists felt responsible to provide rehabilitation Fourth, For CBR, $93.7\%$ had positive ideas in which they could participate. $73.3\%$ wished to composed a team of various rehabilitational specialists. $73.3\%$ wished for the meeting day to be flexible and $86.6\%$ desired to meet once or twice a week. Fifth, Almost all$(96.9\%)$ desired more educational opportunity about CBR. Example, once or twice a year$(56.2\%)$ and training period of 4-7 days $(43.7\%)$. They wanted to learn theory and practice together$(74.2\%)$ and $74.2\%$ wanted the mational multi-rehabilitation center as a educational managing organization. Sixth, The most important requirment for accomplishing CBR by physical therapists was job security and an adequate number of therapists$(84.4\%)$ Required number of physical therapists in the PHC was 3 $(43.7\%)$. The cooperative agency should be the district goverment organization $(56.2\%)$. Factors inhibiting the execution of CBR were lack of administrative support, physical therapists, and equipments for pain control and for therapeutic exercise.

• Strategy21
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• 통권30호
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• pp.236-262
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• 2012

Morgenthau claims that in international relations, there are the economic, political, and military powers that enable a nation to achieve its political and diplomatic goals. This paper explores the possibility of resolving international conflicts with naval power. First, the theoretical and historical perspective, naval power was used as a final resort to force a nation's political or diplomatic objective on an enemy nation when negotiations failed, and this was done through the physical and psychological destruction of the enemy by naval power. But as the use of military power has decreased because of the invention of the nuclear weapon, the existence of a large and capable navy deterrent has become one of the most useful military options among a nation's diplomatic measures. In other words, he focused on the political usefulness of naval power as a deterrent and coercive diplomatic tool for persuading other nations to acquiesce, rather than using naval power and actual military action as a final resort. The reason for this is that compared to army and air force, navy's flexibility, continuity, and the ability to deter are greater. The navy provides excellent accessibility through its wide mobility on the sea, and it has been shown through research that the navy possesses a political usefulness that facilitates the solution of conflicts through presence, naval intervention, and naval blockade. On the other hand, among the factors that could improve the influence of the navy are alliance relations, a reliable and powerful navy, carrots and sticks that it would have to deal with in the case of successful or unsuccessful negotiations, and support from international opinion. On this paper I introduce E.N.Luttwak's naval suasion theory. By the his theory, there are two mode of naval suasion. One is latent naval suasion the other is active suasion. Latent suasion there are deterrent mode and supportive mode. Active naval suasion there are coercive mode and supportive mode. Coercive mode has positive and negative. The limitations of naval suasion have been identified as follows. First, because the objective of the use of naval power is persuading enemy nations, the results are unpredictable. Second, the leaders of all countries possess limited understanding on the complexities of naval power and therefore lack understanding of the usefulness of naval power when choosing options. Third, in case of failure through naval suasion, prestige and reputation of a nation can be damaged. Finally, the following are additional possible research topic. First, a research on the decision making process of choosing naval power as a measure to resolve conflicts is needed. Lastly, research on the size of the navy and types of ships required for efficient naval suasion is needed. Today's world requires cooperative security regime so that middle class navy also requires political use of naval power in solving international conflicts. Therefore, additional research on this topic is needed.

• 대한수사과학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.60-73
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• 2008

응급의료체계(Emergency Medical System)의 목적은 응급환자에게 신속하고 적절한 응급처치를 제공함으로써, 환자의 생명을 구하고 환자의 상태를 최단 시간 내에 정상상태로 회복시켜서 사회로 복귀시키는 것이며 교정행정(矯正行政)의 목적은 범죄자를 사회로부터 격리하여 이들 수형자에게 형기동안 교육, 교화활동 및 직업훈련 등을 실시함으로써, 이들이 출소 후 사회에 복귀하여 다시는 범죄를 저지르지 않고 성공적으로 사회에 정착하도록 하는 것이다. 이렇듯 교정행정과 응급의료체계의 목적이 국민을 안전하게 사회에 복귀시키는 것으로 상호 부합된다 할 것이다. 따라서 본 연구는 교정시설 내 하위문화의 특수성으로 인한 신체적 손상과 질병에 노출될 기회가 많은 수용자와 그 곳에서 근무하고 있는 직원들의 안전을 위해 교정시설 내 다양한 응급상황 발생요인과 제도, 인력, 시설, 장비, 예산현황 및 문제점 등을 통해 효율적인 교정시설 내 응급의료체계 발전방안을 다음과 같이 제시하고자 한다. 첫째, 각 교정시설 보안근무체계에 맞게 적정인원의 응 급구조사의 채용을 확대하여야 한다. 둘째, 수용자의 중증도분류에 따른 이송체계를 완비하고 응급의료장비를 갖추어야 한다. 셋째, 교정공무원과 수용자에 대해 실습 위주의 현실적이고 체계적인 응급처치교육을 실시하여야 한다. 넷째, 1339응급의료정보센터와 같은 사회 내 응급의료체계와 협력체계를 구축하여야 한다. 다섯째, 보건복지부는 응급의 료기금의 지원을 교정시설로 확대하여야 한다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제34권2_2호
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• pp.307-311
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• 2018

국가 해양영토에 대한 해양 불법행위, 영해 침범 등 안보위협사항과 해양사고, 해양오염에 따른 피해저감 대책을 마련하고, 안전하고 깨끗한 해양 이용 및 효율적인 해양자원 개발을 위한 해양 감시체계 구축이 필요하다. 해양감시를 위해서는 시공간성, 정확도, 운용성의 정보 특성이 요구되며, 가능한 광역에 대한 실시간 정보가 상시적으로 제공되어야 한다. 본 특별호는 각 플랫폼의 특성을 파악하여 광역감시망 체계 구축을 위한 활용 가능성을 평가하고, 향후 다양한 플랫폼 간 융복합 연구 방향을 제시하기 위하여 발간하였다. 2015년부터 한국해양과학기술원과 협동연구기관에서 준실시간으로 위성, 무인항공기와 HF 해양레이더를 이용한 선박과 적조탐지를 위한 "국가해양영토 광역감시망 구축 기반연구" 사업을 수행 중이다. 이번 특별호의 목적은 해양감시에서의 통합시스템의 중요성을 소개하고, 해양재해, 오염과 사고 감시에 대한 원격탐사 기술과 활용에 대한 최근 연구에 대한 토론의 장을 만드는 것이다.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2016

국민기초생활보장법에 따라 2002년 시행되어 온 주거현물급여사업은 "주거급여법" 제정(2014.1.24.)으로 변화를 맞이하고 있다. 그동안 주거현물급여는 수급자 가구의 주거환경개선과 저소득층의 자활일자리 창출이라는 이중의 목표에 맞추어 13년간 사업이 시행되어 왔지만 각 지방자치단체에서의 이를 관리하고 시행하는데 따른 편차에 따라 사업의 효율성을 확보하는데 한계를 보였다. 이에 그동안 중추적인 역할을 담당했던 주거분야의 자활기업과 사업단의 매출액, 수익금의 변화와 새롭게 형성된 중앙 단위조직인 전국자활기업연합체가 향후 사업수혜자에 대한 만족도 향상과 제도변화에 따른 대응, 저소득층 일자리로서의 기능을 유지하는데 필요한 서비스 수준 향상 가능성과 사업관리체계의 변화요구에 대한 자기노력과 선도적 대응을 요청받고 있는 것 또한 사실이다. 이에 그동안의 주거현물급여사업에 대한 기존연구를 보완함과 동시에 새로운 제도 환경에 맞는 현장의 변화유인을 확인하고 그에 따른 대응을 검토하였다. 이를 위하여 첫째 전국자활기업이 저소득 대상에 대한 이해도 높은 특화된 서비스제공, 둘째 전국자활기업을 주거현물급여의 품질을 향상시키기 위한 전문화된 기관으로 전환 유도, 셋째 공급기관으로서의 수선유지에 대한 업무와 관련된 명시적인 지침의 제시를 통한 제도변화와의 조응, 마지막으로 사업수행과정프로세스에서의 일관된 기준과 절차적 표준화를 위한 혁신이 동반되어야 한다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.3-26
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• 2005

In recent years, there is growing concern about the potential use of biological agents in war or acts of terrorism accompanied an increased realization that rapid preparedness and response are needed to prevent or treat the human damage that can be caused by these agents. The threat is indeed serious, and the potential for devastating numbers of casualties is high. The use of agents as weapons, even on a small scale, has the potential for huge social and economic disruption and massive diversion of regional and national resources to combat the threat, to treat primary disease, and to clean up environmental contamination. Biological weapons are one of weapons of mass destruction (or mass casualty weapons, to be precise. since they do not damage non-living entities) that are based on bacteria, viruses, rickettsia, fungi or toxins produced by these organisms. Biological weapons are known to be easy and cheap to produce and can be used to selectively target humans, animals, or plants. Theses agents can cause large numbers of casualties with minimal logistical requirements (in wide area). The spread of disease cannot be controlled until there is awareness of the signs of infection followed by identification of agents; and if the organism is easily spread from person to person, as in the case of smallpox, the number of casualties could run into the tens of thousands. Biological weapons could be used covertly, there can be a lot of different deployment scenarios. A lot of different agents could be used in biological weapons. And, there are a lot of different techniques to manufacture biological weapons. Terrorist acts that make use of Biological Agents differ in a number of ways from those involving chemicals. The distinction between terrorist and military use of Biological Weapon is increasingly problematic. The stealthy qualities of biological weapons further complicate the distinction between terrorism and war. In reality, all biological attacks are likely to require an integrated response involving both military and civilian communities. The basic considerations when public health agencies establish national defence plan against bioterrorism must be 1) arraying various laws and regulations to meet the realistic needs, 2)education for public health personnels and support of concerned academic society, 3)information collection and cooperative project with other countries, 4)Detection and surveillance(Early detection is essential for ensuring a prompt response to biological or chemical attack, including the provision of prophylactic medicines, chemical antidotes, or vaccines) and 5) Response(A comprehensive public health response to a biological or chemical terrorist event involves epidemiologic investigation, medical treatment and prophylaxis for affacted persons, and the initiation of disease prevention or environmental decontamination measures). The purpose of this paper is providing basic material of preparedness and response for biological terrorism in modern society.

• 분석과 대안
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.85-114
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• 2023

본 연구의 목적은 구조적 현실주의 입장에서 2015년 EAEU 출범 이후 러시아·중앙아시아관계를 분석하고 미래를 전망하는데 있다. 1991년 냉전붕괴 이후 중앙아에서 형성된 국제질서는 미국 일극체제였던 글로벌 차원과는 달리 러시아 우위의 미·중·러 3개국에 의한 다극체제 성격이 강했다. 이러한 구조 속에서 러시아, 중앙아 양자관계는 밀접한 협력요소와 갈등 요소를 동시에 가지고 있다. 특히 권위주의 동맹성격을 가진 러시아, 중앙아는 정권유지를 위해 서로 협력할 수밖에 없는 공생관계이기도 하다. 러시아는 이를 바탕으로 중앙아를 재통합하기 위해 노력해왔다. 중앙아 역시 생존을 위해 러시아와 협력하면서도 다른 한편으론 예속되지 않기 위해 다양한 국가들과 협력을 확대해왔다. 그러나 중국의 부상과 러시아의 상대적 약화, 우크라이나 전쟁 이후 대러시아 경계심이 고조되면서 양자관계의 간극이 확대되고 있는 측면이 있다. 중국의 영향력이 커질수록 러시아의 초조감도 커지면서 EAEU창설의 배경이 되었다. 우크라이나 전쟁 중에도 푸틴이 중앙아 5개국을 방문하여 활발한 정상회담을 했던 것도 중국견제 심리가 작용했다. 향후 러·중의 경쟁이 표면화 된다면 중앙아 국제질서는 불안정해질 가능성이 크다. 그러나 전통적인 러시아 우위의 중앙아 국제질서가 근본적으로 변화할 가능성은 낮다. 무엇보다 러시아와 중앙아시아의 안보, 역사, 문화적 연계성은 중국이 대신하기 힘든 부분이다. 따라서 러시아의 영향력은 과거에 비해 약화되겠지만 우월적 지위는 지속될 전망이다. 만약 러시아가 호전성에서 벗어나 매력적인 협력파트너로 변신할 경우 양자관계는 다시 상승세를 탈 가능성도 있다. 그러나 푸틴정권에서 이러한 변화와 혁신이 일어날 가능성은 많지 않아 보인다. 중앙아를 재통합하려는 푸틴의 목표에 가장 큰 걸림돌은 푸틴 자신이다.