• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.1766-1775
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• 2001

A theoretical analysis on the heat and mass transfer in an evaporative cooler is presented in this work. The evaporative cooler is modeled as a channel filled with porous media the interstitial surface of which is covered by thin water film. Assuming that the Lewis number is unity and the water vapor saturation curve is linear, exact solutions to the energy and vapor concentration equations are obtained. Based on the exact solutions, the characteristics of the heat and mass transfer in the evaporative cooler are investigated. The comparison of the cooling performance between the evaporative cooler and the usual sensible heat exchanger is also carried out. Obviously, the evaporative heat exchanger shows better cooling performance than the sensible heat exchanger. This is due to the latent heat of water vaporization, which results in apparent increases both in the interstitial heat transfer coefficient and the specific heat of the air stream in the evaporative cooler.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2017

In order to use and manage the building energy efficiently, it is necessary to minimize building energy consumptions, and establish operation plans of various equipment. The maximum heating and cooling load calculation is an essential way in various equipment selections, and the annual building load calculation is used in forecasting & evaluating the LCC required for operation plan. In this study, noting that the annual building load changes depending on outside temperature around year, we propose a predicting method of annual building load. By using the $4^{th}$ polynomial function that have two double radix and a feature the $f(x)=a^4$ in x = 0 condition, we can calculate annual building load very easily only with the two result (maximum heating and cooling load) and a minimum parameters.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2017

In order to better save energy, many buildings have been constructed with high levels of insulation and airtightness in recent years. Additionally, having high quality indoor air has become more relevant, necessitating a ventilating system. This study is aimed at evaluating the performance of a humidity exchanger through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of elements for the purpose of providing comfortable indoor air and reduced energy consumption. The simulation was conducted with three different shapes (triangle, rectangular, and curve) of heat exchanger elements, in order to find the most effective element. A follow-up simulation then proved the efficiency of the chosen humidity exchanger, which was selected by analyzing the results of the preceding simulation, comparing study data with measurement data from the Korea Testing Laboratory (KTL). The resulting analysis revealed that the rectangular element showed the lowest level of efficiency in both heating and cooling, while the curved element showed the highest level of efficiency in both heating and cooling.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.164-173
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• 2012

To study the applicability of a scroll type compressor to small capacity refrigerators, a R600a scroll compressor with algebraic scroll wrap has been designed. Its size and performance have been compared to a reciprocating type of the same displacement volume. By employing scroll wrap based on algebraic curve, high compression ratio can be accomplished without increasing the wrap angle much so that compact scroll may be obtained. Compared to a reciprocating one, the designed scroll compressor has diameter and height reduced by about 50% and 80%, respectively. By numerical simulation, it has been estimated that the scroll compressor provides 38.6% more cooling capacity than reciprocating type with 8.9% more power consumption, resulting in 27.3% increase in COP for ASHRAE low back pressure condition. With increasing the operating pressure ratio from 9.5 to 15.3, the overall compressor efficiency of the scroll compressor decreases from 72.6% to 65.2%, while that of the reciprocating compressor increases from 55.7% to 59.8%.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.415-421
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• 2021

본 연구는 절연 게이트 양극성 트랜지스터 모듈의 히트 싱크의 유로의 형상으로써 직선 유로, 한 번 꺾인 형태의 유로, 두 번 꺾인 형태의 유로를 적용하여, 유로의 형상에 따른 방열 성능을 분석하였다. 각 유로 형상에서 운전 조건에 대한 영향 또한 분석하기 위하여 냉각수의 유량과 공급 온도를 추가적으로 제어하며 분석을 진행하였다. 본 연구는 유동 해석을 통하여 이루어 졌으며, 상용 소프트웨어인 ANSYS Fluent를 사용하였다. 직선 유로보다 꺾인 형태를 갖는 유로의 방열량이 같은 운전 조건에서 최대 8.0 % 수준 개선되었으며, 개선 정도는 냉각수의 공급 온도와는 무관하였고, 냉각수의 유량이 많아질수록 개선 정도가 2.0 %에서 8.0 %까지 증가하였다. 그러나 두 번 꺾인 유로는 한 번 꺾인 유로와 비슷한 수준의 방열 성능을 보였고, 기생 손실에 영향을 주는 압력 강하량은 2.48~2.55배 수준으로 증가하는 결과를 보여, 방열 효율이 낮아지는 것을 확인 하였다. 이를 단위 압력 강하량 당 방열량으로 계산하여 비교하였으며, 직선 유로를 갖는 히트 싱크에서 그 값이 가장 높은 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.69-75
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• 1997

Mn-Zn 페라이트의 소결에 영향을 주는 산화물 첨가제와 자기이방성 상수( $K_{1}$)값이 zero가 되는 온도, $T_{spm}$를 결정해주는 산소분압을 변화시켜가며 전력손실, 미세구조, 초기투자율, 소결밀도, 온도에 따른 초기투자율의 변화를 관찰하였다. 산화물 첨가계는 초기투자율과 소결밀도를 증가시켰으며 동시에 낮은 전력손실을 나타내었다. 이러한 첨가제들은 입계에 석출되는 것으로 $T_{spm}$과 $T_{c}$(큐리온도)와 같은 자기적 성질을 변화시키지 않았다. 온도에 따른 초기투자율 변화는 냉각시 산소분압이 증가함에 따라 $T_{spm}$이 높은 온도로 이동함이 관찰되었다. 또한 냉각시 산소분압조절 만으로는 승온과 소결시 결정된 페라이트의 치밀화가 완전히 보정되지 못함도 확인되었다.확인되었다.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.311-315
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• 2017

The perovskite system $(Ba^{2+}{_{1-x}}La^{3+}{_x})Fe^{3+}{_{1-t}}Fe^{4+}{_t}O_{3-y}$ (y = (1 - x --t)/2) having a composition of x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 showedean increase in $Fe^{4+}$ mole ratios with an increase in oxygen partial pressure ($N_2{\rightarrow}air{\rightarrow}O_2$), and with an increasefin s, the $Fe^{3+}$ quantity decreased and oxygen content (3-y value) increased. For each N sampls heat-treated in $N_2$ gas, a considerable weight gain, i.e.g a steadynincrease if oxygen content, was observed in the TGA data on the cooling process. The conductivity values at a constant temperature were in the order of $N_2$$O_2$; the respective log ${\sigma}$ values (${\Omega}^{-1}{\cdot}cm^{-1}$) at 323 K of the BL0 sample were -5.75 (BL0-N), -3.39 (BL0-A), and -0.53 (BL0-O). The mixed valencies of $Fe^{3+}$ and $Fe^{4+}$ ions in each sample were also confirmed by both the oxidation curve above 350 mV and the cathodic reduction curve below 200 mV from cyclic voltammetry.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.389-398
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• 1985

Recently maximum power demand of our country has become to be under the great in fluence of electric cooling and air conditioning demand which are sensitive to weather conditions. This paper presents the technique and algorithm to forecast the long-term maximum power demand considering the characteristics of electric power and weather variable. By introducing a weather load model for forecasting long-term maximum power demand with the recent statistic data of power demand, annual maximum power demand is separated into two parts such as the base load component, affected little by weather, and the weather sensitive load component by means of multi-regression analysis method. And we derive the growth trend regression equations of above two components and their individual coefficients, the maximum power demand of each forecasting year can be forecasted with the sum of above two components. In this case we use the coincident dry bulb temperature as the weather variable at the occurence of one-day maximum power demand. As the growth trend regression equation we choose an exponential trend curve for the base load component, and real quadratic curve for the weather sensitive load component. The validity of the forecasting technique and algorithm proposed in this paper is proved by the case study for the present Korean power system.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.31-44
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• 2011

This paper has presented a finite element analysis of structural behaviour of box culvert during and after fires. The fire tests were carried out in a furnace on RC slabs using the ISO 834 standard fire curve. The load capacity after cooling of the RC slab that was not loaded during the fire tests was evaluated by means of additional 3 points bending tests. In the past, stress-strain models of concrete under fire loading have been proposed by several researchers. Comparisons are made with the load-displacement relations of RC slabs after fire loading using the existing stress-strain models with temperature, such as Schneider, EUROCODE 2, Lie, Shi and Nan model. By comparing the load-displacement relations, Lie model was found to result in a maximum load about 2.0% higher than that of test. Based on the fire test results of RC slabs, this paper presents an extensive analytical study on the fire response of box culvert during and after fires.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제65권5호
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• pp.878-882
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• 2016

These days, SFCLs are being developed in order to limit fault current. However, the superconducting elements that limit the fault current have such problems as capacity increase and require auxiliary devices including cooling device. If devices that comprise the current power network can withstand fault current for at least one cycle, it is possible to limit the fault current with current limiting elements by bypassing it on the fault line. In this study, the fault current limiter was configured with current transformer, vacuum interrupter, and current limiting element. Through the experience, it was confirmed that the fault current was limited within one cycle. The superconducting element, as a current limiting element, limited the fault current by 80 % within one cycle from fault occurrence, and the passive element limited it more than 95 %. Also, through the comparison between resistance curve and power consumption curve, it was confirmed that the current limiting element using a passive element was more stable than the superconducting element that required capacity increase and other auxiliary devices. It was considered that the FCL proposed in this study could limit fault current stably within one cycle from fault occurrence by using the existing power technologies such as fault current detection and solenoid valve operating circuit.