• 멤브레인
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.37-44
• /
• 2018

Polysulfone 수지를 사용한 그래핀 복합조성물을 제조하고, 이것들의 멤브레인에 대한 잔류응력과 열전도 특성을 분석하였다. 그래핀을 포함하는 polysulfone 멤브레인의 잔류응력분석은 Si (100) 기판에 스핀코팅으로 $10{\mu}m$ 두께의 막을 도포하여 준비한 시료를 대상으로 하였으며, 잔류응력의 측정은 온도를 승온하고 냉각하는 완전한 1주기 동안 수행하였다. 그래핀을 포함하는 polysulfone 평막을 증류수를 사용한 상전이법으로 제조하여 두께방향과 면방향으로 열전도도를 구분하여 각각 측정하였으며 평막시료의 열전도 이방성을 분석하였다. 그래핀의 구조적 특징에 의해 이를 포함하는 polysulfone 막의 잔류응력은 그래핀 함량이 증가함에 따라 점차로 완화되는 경향을 나타내었고, 열전도특성은 평막형성의 구조적 특성과 그래핀의 고유특성에 의해 두께방향과 면방향의 차이를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제47권3호
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 2005

This study was carried out to file up structural design data for optimizing Pleurotus eryngii growing houses. Design data are including current farm status of Pleurotus eryngii growing houses in the aspect of structural configuration as well as environmental conditions to be controlled and maintained inside. A structural analysis was performed for the on-farm structures as well as some structures modified and suggested through field survey and analysis. The results are summarized as follows. According to the results of status analysis, Pleurotus eryngii growing houses were categorized as arch-roofed simple type and sandwich panel type. Though the size of Pleurotus eryngii cultivation facilities were considerably diverse, the basic dimensions of Pleurotus eryngii cultivation facilities showed relatively similar pattern: more or less of 20m of length, $6.6\~7.0m$ of width, $4.6\~5.0m$ of peak height, $1.2\~1.6m$ of bed width, and 4 layers of bed. In the aspect of spatial use of cultivation facilities, suggested models were shown to be mostly reasonable in the aspect of heating and cooling, micro-meteorological stability, land use efficiency per unit floor area, etc.. Especially, the standard models suggested so far were thought to be not efficient in its surface area and spatial volume per unit floor area as well as its uneffective structural design in the area around ceiling. In the results of structural analysis for the models suggested through this study by using those section frames to be found on farms, the panel type structures of both single span and double span were estimated to be over designed, whereas arch-roofed pipe houses were mostly found to be under-designed.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.42-45
• /
• 2012

The mechanical behavior and microstructural evolution during high temperature tensile deformation of recrystallized Ni3Al polycrystals doped with boron were investigated as functions of initial grain size, tensile strain rate and temperature. In order to obtain more precise information on the deformation mechanism, tensile specimens were rapidly quenched immediately after deformation at a cooling rate of more than $2000Ks^{-1}$, and were then observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mechanical tests in the range of 923 K to 1012 K were carried out in a vacuum of less than $3{\times}10^{-4}$ Pa using an Instron-type machine with various but constant cross head speeds corresponding to the initial strain rates from $1.0{\times}10^{-4}$ to $3.1{\times}10^{-5}s^{-1}$. After heating to deformation temperature, the specimen was kept for more than 1.8 ks before testing. The following results were obtained: (1) Flow behavior was affected by initial strain size; with decreasing initial grain size, the level of a stress peak in the true stress-true strain curve decreased, the steady state region was enlarged and elongation increased. (2) On the basis of TEM observation of rapidly quenched specimens, it was confirmed that dynamic recrystallization certainly occurred on deformation of fine-grained ($3.3{\mu}m$) and intermediate-grained ($5.0{\mu}m$) specimens at an initial strain rate of $3.1{\times}10^{-5}s^{-1}$ and at 973 K. (3) There were some dislocation-free grains among the new recrystallized grains. The obtained results suggest that both dynamic recrystallization and grain boundary sliding are operative during high temperature deformation.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한설비공학회 2009년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.751-756
• /
• 2009

In the perspective of saving energy in buildings, the high performance of insulation and air tightness for improving the heating and the cooling efficiency, has brought economically positive effects. However, these building energy saving technologies cause the lack of ventilation, which is the direct cause of increasing the indoor contaminants, and is also very harmful to the residents, because they spend over 90% of their time indoors. Therefore, the ventilation is important to keep the indoor environment clean and it can also save the energy consumption. In this study, a HEPA type nano ceramic filter is designed as a passive ventilation system to collect airborne particles and to supply fresh outdoor air. The double layer filter, which has $30{\mu}m$ in diameter at the conditions of 10wt% of concentration and 3kV/cm of the electric intensity, is produced by electrospinning. The filtration coating technology is confirmed in the solution with $SiO_2$ nano particles using polymer nano fibers. Also double layer filters are coated with $SiO_2$ nano particles and finally the porous construction materials are made by sintering in the electric furnace at $200{\sim}1400^{\circ}C$. The efficiency is measured 96.67% at the particle size of $0.31{\mu}m$, which is slightly lower than HEPA filter. However the efficiency is turned out to be sufficient.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한설비공학회 2009년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.1096-1101
• /
• 2009

The plate heat exchanger(PHE) in heat pump has two flow streams of the refrigerant and water. The flow direction of the refrigerant, unlike that of water, can be changed by a 4-way valve depending on operating condition. Therefore the flow arrangement is a parallel flow for heating and a counter flow for cooling, respectively. In this study, the effects of the flow direction of the water on the heat transfer rate are investigated experimentally. The experiments are carried out for brazed plate heat exchangers under a parallel and counter flow conditions in evaporation and condensation. The experimental parameters in this study include the mass flux of the refrigerant 410A from 3 to $14\;kg/m^2s$ and the flow patterns for the pressure of PHE fixed at 0.97 and 2.46 MPa. The results show that both the heat transfer rate and frictional pressure drop across the PHE increase with the mass flux. The heat transfer rate of the refrigerant 410A for evaporation show great sensitivity to flow direction of the water. The heat transfer rate for evaporation with a counter flow are 5-30% higher than that with a parallel flow.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.233-240
• /
• 2013

The building construction sector has been blamed as the main culprit of environmental contamination worldwide. So, there shall be some constructive alternatives in architectural engineering. As one of the alternatives, the LEED ("Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design") has been introduced since 1990s and has been well recognized in saving the resources and energy. "LEED" has also been introduced in Korea since 2002 but it has not put priority on the eco-friendliness of indoor space. In this study, the international and domestic green systems were analyzed and compared in order to restructure the checklist for indoor space. Using the restructured checklists, the questionnaire were sent to 180 people using 6 office buildings which passed the domestic "LEED" certification. LEED certification system put priority on the air quality and heating/cooling environment in its evaluation section and items. However, according to the results of the study, it was found that the people using the buildings were not satisfied enough with the air environment of buildings along with their other indoor environment items. This shows that even though the office buildings are designed according to the requirements of LEED, the buildings do not meet the occupier's needs. In addition, it showed that the evaluation items should be improved so that they are useful to enhance the satisfaction of the occupiers' needs. The paper could be useful in establishing standard for eco friendliness of indoor space of office buildings which pass the LEED certification as the basic data for increasing energy efficiency and working efficiency of occupiers of the buildings.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.117-125
• /
• 2008

유비쿼터스 응용 시스템에 대한 관심의 증대와 함께 소형화된 임베디드 컴퓨팅 시스템의 필요성은 커지고 있다. 이러한 가운데 ARM 임베디드 프로세서는 기능의 우수성과 높은 활용도로 인해 임베디드 시스템 시장에서 높은 점유율을 보여주고 있다. 본 논문에서는 ARM 마이크로컨트롤러를 이용해 RTD-1000 컨트롤러 구성과 개발을 위한 최적의 방법을 제안하였다. 기존 RTD-1000은 케이블의 단선, 단락, 파손 등의 진단이 가능한 TDR를 탑재하여 구리선을 삽입한 감지관의 누수 및 누유, 파괴 등을 원격으로 감지할 수 있는 기기이다. 실제로 시공되어 현장에서 운영되고 있는 RTD-1000은 시스템 운영에 필요한 범위에 비해 리소스 낭비가 크고 그에 따라 구축비용이 높다는 단점을 가지고 있다. 또한, 발열이 심해 별도의 냉각장치가 요구되며, 하드 디스크와 같은 보조저장장치의 사용으로 고장 발생율과 전류의 소비가 커지는 등의 문제점을 야기하였다. 본 논문에서는 도출된 문제점의 해결 방법으로 ARM 마이크로컨트롤러 기반의 RTD-1000A 임베디드 시스템을 제안하고 시뮬레이션 하였다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2006

This study was conducted to develop a system and an control algorithm for control the environment of a plant factory. The greenhouse control system for environmental control was largely composed of a computer and a PLC. The screen of control program was composed of a greenhouse figure which was included machinery and equipments for greenhouse, the graph of environmental factors of inside greenhouse and the image of greenhouse. In order to reduce temperature change, the operation time of ventilation window was changed by 3 stage according to difference between a target and present temperature. When is heating, a temperature variation was shown to be $16.7{\pm}0.8^{\circ}C$. When is cooling, a temperature variation was shown to be $23.1{\pm}0.6^{\circ}C$. When is humidifing, a humidity variation was shown to be $39.3{\pm}1.6^{\circ}C$ %RH. An environmental control system and a control algorithm were proved that it was shown a good performance in a control accuracy. So a computer control system should be adapted to a control system of a greenhouse and a plant factory.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.111-118
• /
• 2017

Performance factors such as the EER(Energy Efficiency Ratio) and the COP (Coefficient of Performance) are being replaced by seasonal energy efficiency factors, like the SEER (Seasonal EER) and the SCOP (Seasonal COP) to evaluate the performance of a heat pump by the time of the year. Seasonal performance factors, such as the CSPF (Cooling Seasonal Performance Factor) and the HSPF (Heating Seasonal Performance Factor) are used to describe the heat pump's performance during the cool and hot seasons. In this study, the optimization of all heat pump's operating parameters was experimentally conducted to enhance the SEER based on the EU standard (EN 14825). Moreover, the SEER was improved by the compressor frequency, as well as indoor and outdoor fan speeds. In addition, the performance characteristics of the heat pump were studied under partial load conditions. As a result, the SEER was enhanced by 17% when the compressor frequency was optimized. An additional 2% improvement was achievable with the optimization of indoor and outdoor fan speeds.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.228-231
• /
• 2009

Phase transition in ferroelectric polymer is very interesting behavior and has been widely studied for real device applications, such as actuators and sensors. Through the phase transition, there is structural change resulting in the change of electrical and optical properties. In this study, we fabricated the Febry-Perot interferometer with the thin film of ferroelectric P(VDF-TrFE) 50/50 mol% copolymer, and thermo-optical properties were investigated. The effective thermo-optical coefficient of P(VDF-TrFE) was obtained as $2.3{\sim}3.8{\times}10^{-4}/K$ in the ferroelectric temperature region ($45^{\circ}C{\sim}65^{\circ}C$) and $6.0{\times}10^{-4}/K$ in the phase transition temperature region ($65^{\circ}C{\sim}85^{\circ}C$), which is a larger than optical silica-fiber and PMMA. The resonance transmission peak of P(VDF-TrFE) with the variation of temperature showed hysteretic variation and the phase transition temperature of the polymer in heating condition was higher than in the cooling condition. The elimination of the hysteretic phase transition of P(VDF-TrFE) is necessary for practical applications of optical devices.