• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.22-29
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• 2001

The present study investigates the effects of various rib arrangements and rotating on heat/mass transfer in the cooling passage of gas turbine blades. The cooling passage has very complex flow structure, because of the rib turbulator and rotating effect. Experiments and numerical calculation are conducted to investigate the complex flow structures and heat transfer characteristics; the numerical computation is performed using a commercial code, FLUENT ver.5, to calculate the flow structures and the experiments are conducted to measure heat/mass transfer coefficients using a naphthalene sublimation technique. For the rotating duct tests, the test duct, which is the cross section of is $20mm\times40mm$ (the hydraulic diameter, $D_h$, of 26.7 mm, has two-pass with $180^{\circ}$ turning and the rectangular ribs on the wall. The rib angle of attack is $70^{\circ}$ and the maximum radius of rotation is $21.63D_h$. The partition wall has 10 mm thickness, which is 0.5 times to the channel width, and the distance between the tip of the partition wall and the outer wall of the turning region is 26.7 mm $(1D_h)$. The turning effect of duct flow makes the very complex flow structure including Dean type vortex and high turbulence, so that the heat/mass transfer increases in the turning region and at the entrance of the second pass. The Coriolis effect deflects the flow to the trailing surface, resulting in enhancement of the heat/mass transfer on the trailing surface and reduction on the leading surface in the first pass. However, the opposite phenomena are observed in the second pass. The each rib arrangement makes different secondary flow patterns. The complex heat/mass transfer characteristics are observed by the combined effects of the rib arrangements, duct rotation and flow turning.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1640-1649
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• 2001

The present study investigates the effects of various rib arrangements on heat/mass transfer in the cooling passage of gas turbine blades. A complex flow structure occurs in the cooling passage with rib turbulators which promote heat transfer on the wall. It is important to increase not only the heat transfer rates but also the uniformity of heat transfer in the cooling passage. A numerical computation is performed using a commercial code to calculate the flow structures and experiments are conducted to measure heat/mass transfer coefficients using a naphthalene sublimation technique. A square channel (50 mm $\times$ 50 mm) with rectangular ribs (4 mm $\times$ 5 mm) is used fur the stationary duct test. The experiments focus on the effects of rib arrangements and gap positions in the discrete ribs on the heat/mass transfer on the duct wall. The rib angle of attack is 60°and the rib-to-rib pitch is 32 mm, that is 8 times of the rib height. With the inclined rib angle of attack (60°), the parallel rib arrangements make a pair of counter rotating secondary flows in the cross section, but the cross rib arrangements make a single large secondary flow including a small secondary vortex. These secondary flow patterns affect significantly the heat/mass transfer on the ribbed wall. The heat/mass transfer in the parallel arrangements is 1.5 ∼2 times higher than that in the cross arrangements. However, the shifted rib arrangements change little the heat/mass transfer from the inline rib arrangements. The gap position in the discrete rib affects significantly the heat/mass transfer because a strong flow acceleration occurs locally through the gap.

• 대한기계학회논문집 C: 기술과 교육
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 휠로더 냉각성능 평가를 위한 열유동해석의 효율성 향상과 비용 저감을 위해서 흡배기구 다공판형상을 Porous media 기법을 이용하여 단순화하고 해석 정도를 확인하였다. 여기서 Porous media에 적용된 다공판형상의 유동손실계수는 시험데이터를 바탕으로 정의하였다. 또한 다공판형상의 유동손실계수를 해석적으로 정의하기 위해 단위형상에 대한 압력손실을 계산하고 시험결과와 비교하였다. 마지막으로 휠로더 흡배기구를 단순화한 해석모델의 냉각해석 결과와 실차 방열시험 결과를 비교하였다. 이 연구를 통해 휠로더 흡배기구 단순화 해석기법의 적용 가능성을 확인하였으며 냉각성능 평가 및 개선 연구를 효과적으로 수행할 수 있는 기반을 마련하였다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집(III)
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• pp.345-350
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• 2003

The inside of EMU is supplied with the cooling air from air-conditioner and the fresh air from exterior through the air-conditioner duct which is one of the air conditioning system. The shape of air-conditioner duct is a major factor in determining the air-conditioning efficiency, thermal comfort and energy efficiency. Therefore, this study is to understand the flow characteristics in the air-conditioner duct by three dimensional numerical simulation. The air-conditioner duct was calculated for the design volume flow rate, $2,726\;m^3/h/unit$. From the result of calculation and measurement, the velocity at diffuser outlet presented good agreement in general. [n this present study, the calculation was also performed for three volume flow rate(1,800, 2,200, 3,000 $m^3/h/unit$) and total pressure characteristic curve with volume flow rate was presented.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.369-381
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• 1992

Characteristics of flow and heat transfer have been studied numerically in a square duct with a periodic pressure gradient. The flow in a duct was assumed to be fully developed and constant heat flux was imposed at the surfaces of a square duct. The distributions of axial velocity and time-space averaged temperature are investigated with angular velocity and amplitude ratio at a given Reynolds number 1000. When the periodic pressure gradient was imposed axially in a duct, the reverse flow may be occurred near the duct wall. The magnitude of this reverse flow increases as the amplitude ratio increases or as the angular frequency decreases. In the ranges of the amplitude ratio and the angular velocity in present investigation, the ratio of the periodic time space averaged temperature to the nonperiodic space averaged temperature has been found to be greater than one. This means that the cooling effect at the duct walls deteriorates with a periodic situation compared with nonperiodic one.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.1004-1013
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• 2002

Turbulent carbon dioxide flows and cooling heat transfers under supercritical state in a straight duct with a square cross-section are numerically analyzed employing low Reynolds number $\kappa-\varepsilon$ model and algebraic stress model. The flow is assumed to be (quasi-incompressible. Predicted Nusselt number and friction factor are compared with the experimental data, Blasius correlation for friction factor and Dittus-Boelter correlation for Nusselt number. Computational results for the Fanning's friction factor agree well with the all Rohsenow and Choi's correlation, Liou and Hwang's experimental data and Blasius correlation. The results obtained by algebraic stress model agree more with the Liou and Hwang's experimental data, while the results obtained by low Reynolds number $\kappa-\varepsilon$ model agree more with Blasius correlation. In the computation of Nusselt number, Dittus-Boelter correlation can not exactly fit the computational results. Therefore we propose the new correlation$Nu=0.053Re^{0.73}Pr^{0.4}$for the turbulent cooling heat transfer of carbon dioxide under supercritical state.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.470-483
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• 1990

Turbulent jet in a crossflow, issuing from a row of holes on a convex surface of 90 .deg. bend duct, is predicted by a 3-dimensional numerical method. The Cartesian coordinate system in adopted in upstream and downstream tangents and the cylindrical polar coordinate system in curved region. The Reynolds stresses and heat fluxes are obtained from a standard k-e model in the core region and van Driest model in the vicinity of the wall. The governing equations are discretized by a finite volume method and solutions are obtained by a locally elliptic calculation procedure. Pressure and convective terms are treated by SIMPLE algorithm and hybrid scheme respectively. A vortex initially induced by the injected jet has been built up due to the interaction with the secondary flow caused by pressure gradient and centrifugal force. The vortex structure has a strong influence on the wall cooling effectiveness. Another vortex like horseshoe is formed in the vicinity of the injection hole and its strength is getting weak as it moves downward.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기기기및에너지변환시스템부문B
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• 제52권9호
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• pp.434-441
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• 2003

This paper deals with the temperature characteristics according to the cooling medium and the duct size in model transformers. For the analysis and the temperature-rise tests, two 400kVA model transformers have been manufactured. One has been filled with the alpha oil as the cooling medium and constructed the duct sizes of $3\textrm{mm}$ and $5\textrm{mm}$ in the low-voltage and high-voltage windings respectively. The other has been filled the beta oil and the duct sizes were $4\textrm{mm}$ and $6\textrm{mm}$. The temperature-rise tests have been performed by the back-to-back method and the load factor has been controlled the range of 90%∼130%. The temperature values have been measured by the thermocouple and from the sixteen points in each transformer. A commercial CFD program "FLUENT" has been used for the analysis of temperature distribution. The geometry of transformer has been modeled to 3-dimensional by using the hybrid calculation mesh including the radiator. And also, the natural convection velocity has been measured at the oil top position, and compared with the calculated results.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 특별세미나,특별/일반세션
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• pp.507-513
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• 2009

The cooling technology of power conversion semiconductors in the propulsion system for the HEMU(High Electrical Multi Unit) are applied in water cooling method and phase change method such as the immersed type and the heat pipe type. Both of cooling systems need a condenser and a fan through forced wind to emit that is radiated heat from electric power conversion semiconductor(IGBT) stack effectively, now in the case of Japanese Fastec 360S, is using ram-air that is flowed in establishing cooling passage to propulsion system for cooling of condenser. In this research, it is that achieved the computing numerical analysis using ADINA of commertial program to examine flow characteristics and pressure distribution of ram-air for a condenser in cooling passage.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.280-287
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• 2001

The present study investigates convective heat/mass transfer and flow characteristics inside the rib-roughened cooling passage of the gas turbine blades. A square duct with rectangular ribs is used and $\wedge-$ and V-shape ribs with $60^{\circ}$ attack angle are installed on the test plate surfaces. Naphthalene sublimation technique is employed to determine the detailed local heat transfer coefficients using the heat and mass transfer analogy. The ribs disturb the main flow resulting in the recirculation and secondary flows near the ribbed wall and the vortices near the side-wall. The local heat transfer and the secondary flow in the duct are changed largely according to the rib orientation. A square duct with $\wedge$ and V-shape ribs has two pairs of secondary flow because of the rib arrangement. So, the duct has complex heat/mass transfer distribution. The average heat/mass transfer coefficient and pressure drop of $\wedge-$ and V-shape ribs are higher than those with $90^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$ attack angles. The average heat/mass transfer coefficient on the $\wedge-shape$ ribs is higher than that on the V-shape ribs. Also, the uniformity of heat/mass transfer coefficient on discrete ribs is higher than that on continuous rib.