• 센서학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.348-352
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• 2015

Thin nickel oxide films formed on uncooled and cooled $SiO_2/Si$ substrates using a radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputter powered by 200 W in a mixed atmosphere of argon and oxygen. Grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy are used for the structural analysis of nickel oxide films. The electrical conductivity required for better bolometric performance is estimated by means of a four-point probe system. Columnar and (200) preferred orientations are discovered in both films regardless of substrate cooling. Electric resistivity, however, is greatly influenced by the substrate cooling. Oxygen partial pressure increase during the nickel oxide deposition leads to a rapid decrease in resistivity, and the resistivity is higher in the cooled nickel oxide samples. Even when small microstructure variations are applied, lower resistivity in favor of low noise performance is acquired in the uncooled samples.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose an efficient image equipment implementation for the detector characteristics of various detectors by analyzing un-cooled thermal detector that exhibits nonlinear changes due to external temperature effects. First, we explain Thermal Electric Cooler for un-cooled detector temperature control system and Non-image correction methode for IR system. Second, we present the results of a study on an efficient control technique that can minimize the deterioration of image quality by controlling a un-cooled thermal detector without a thermal electric cooler(TEC) inside. Third, we suggest Image Correction Methods for Uncooled IR TECless Detector with Non-linear characteristics due to Temperature Change. So, we analyze and present the results of Image correction methods for various un-cooled thermal detector.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.555-560
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• 2008

The effects of utilizing evaporative cooling system equipped with tunnel ventilation on postpartum ovarian activities, energy balance and milk production of early lactating dairy cows under hot and humid climates were studied from parturition to 22 wk postpartum. Thirty-four crossbred Holstein-Friesian (93.75% HF$\times$.25% Bos indicus) primiparous cows were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Cooled cows (n = 17; treatment) were housed in the tunnel ventilated barn equipped with evaporative cooling system and uncooled (n = 17; control) were housed in the naturally ventilated barn without supplemental cooling system. Cooled cows had greater (p<0.05) dry matter intake and milk production than uncooled cows. Days to the energy balance (EB) nadir did not differ between groups. However, days to equilibrium EB for uncooled cows was longer (p<0.05) than for cooled cows. There was no significant difference in postpartum anovular condition between cooled and uncooled cows. The interval from parturition to first postpartum ovulation did not differ between groups ($31.4{\pm}4.3$ and $26.1{\pm}3.6$ day, respectively). These results suggest that the evaporative cooling and tunnel ventilation has the potential to decrease the severity of heat stress and improve both milk production and metabolic efficiency during early lactation without affecting reproductive function in dairy cows under hot and humid climates.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.128-132
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• 2007

Thermal Imaging systems are reported to be crucial for fire fighting and beginning to be used by fire fighters. The performance of thermal imaging system is determined by both the radiation of infrared from the target and the attenuation of infrared signal in the optical path by the absorption, scattering, diffraction and reflection. In the scene of fire, water drops with various sizes such as vaporized water, wafer mist from sprinkler, and wafer to suppress the fire reside with various gas generated by burning. To measure the transmission of infrared radiation in the scene of fire, fire simulating system and thermal imagers with cooled detector which detects $3{\sim}5{\mu}m$ infrared and uncooled detector fabricated by the MEMS technology which detects $8{\sim}12{\mu}m$ infrared. are made. With thermal imagers and Ire simulating system, the change of thermal image with respect to the change of visibility controlled with the burned fas was measured. It was found that the transmission of infrared was not reduced by the burned gas, which could be explained by the long wavelength of infrared ray compared with visible ray. However, the transmission of infrared ray was largely reduced by the combination of burned gas and water mist supplied by sprinkler. This is contrary to the results of calculated transmission through the pure water mist and shows that the transmission of infrared ray is mostly affected by the compounds of water mist and burned gas. In this case, it was found that the uncooled detector which detects $8{\sim}12{\mu}m$ infrared ray is better than cooled detector which detects $3{\sim}5{\mu}m$ infrared ray for fire fighting.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.95-103
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• 1997

우리나라에서 식용목적으로 생산되고 있는 단옥수수, 초당옥수수 및 찰옥수수의 수확후 품질관리와 고품질 선도유지 및 안전유통 방안 확립의 기초자료를 얻고자, 단옥 002, 초당옥 Cocktail 86 및 찰옥 001 옥수수를 수확직후 얼음처리후 0~2$^{\circ}C$의 저온저장고에 저장하면서 일반상온 및 저온저장과 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 풋옥수수를 수확후 상온 및 저온에 저장하면 15일후 낱알의 수분함량이 옥수수의 종류에 따라서 각각 22~24 및 7.4~8.2% 감소되어 품질이 크게 떨어졌으나 얼음처리 후 저온저장 한 것은 수분의 변화가 적었다. 2. 풋옥수수의 종류별 과피함량은 수확시 찰옥수수가 1.71%로 초당옥수수와 단옥수수의 0.81% 및 1.09%보다 높았으며, 15일 저장후에는 단옥수수의 경우 무예냉 상온 및 저온저장 구에서 13.25% 및 3.5%로 수확시보다 3~12배 증가되었으나, 얼음처리 저온저장구에서는 1.31%로 증가율이 아주 적었으며, 초당옥수수 및 찰옥수수도 단옥수수와 유사하였다. 3. 알코올 불용성 고형물 함량도 과피함량의 경우와 유사하여 얼음처리 저온저장 효과가 인정되었는데, 특히 찰옥수수에서 그 효과가 크게 나타났다. 4. 종류별 유리당함량은 단옥수수의 경우 sucrose, glucose, fructose 및 maltose 등 4종이 분리되었으나, 초당옥수수와 찰옥수수는 maltose가 검출되지 않았고, 유리당류의 구성 비율은 sucrose가 60~74%를 차지하여 주종을 이루고 있었으며, 저장중 당 종류별 손실율도 sucrose가 높았으나 얼음예냉 저온저장으로 저장 중 유리 당 손실을 최소화 할 수 있었다. 5. 종류별 유리 아미노산의 경우 단옥수수는 alanine 외 20종, 초당옥수수는 glutamic acid외 18종, 찰옥수수는 glutamic acid외 20종이 확인되었으며, 특히 성인병 예방에 효과가 있어 기능성 아미노산으로 알려진 ${\gamma}$-aminobutylic acid (GABA)가 3종류 모두에서 검출되었고, 15일 저장후 총 유리 아미노산함량으로 볼 때 얼음예냉 저온저장구가 품질 유지 효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.138-144
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• 2007

This paper introduces the design techniques of an IR module using the 2-D array un-cooled type infrared detector which is applied to the individual combat weapon. Considering the size and weight of the hand carried weapon system, we used a very small-sized detector and applied an adaptive temperature control algorithm so that the operation consumed with low power can be possible. We applied the AR(Auto Regressive) filter to improve the signal-to-noise ratio in a thermal image processing step. We also applied the plateau equalization and boundary enhancement techniques to improve the visibility for human visual system.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2015

Conjugate heat transfer analysis was performed to investigate the flow and cooling performance of the high pressure turbine nozzle of gas turbine engine. The CHT code was verified by comparison between CFD results and experimental results of C3X vane. The combination of k-${\omega}$ based SST turbulence model and transition model was used to solve the flow and thermal field of the fluid zone and the material property of CMSX-4 was applied to the solid zone. The turbine nozzle has two internal cooling channels and each channel has a complex cooling configurations, such as the film cooling, jet impingement, pedestal and rib turbulator. The parabolic temperature profile was given to the inlet condition of the nozzle to simulate the combustor exit condition. The flow characteristics were analyzed by comparing with uncooled nozzle vane. The Mach number around the vane increased due to the increase of coolant mass flow flowed in the main flow passage. The maximum cooling effectiveness (91 %) at the vane surface is located in the middle of pressure side which is effected by the film cooling and the rib turbulrator. The region of the minimum cooling effectiveness (44.8 %) was positioned at the leading edge. And the results show that the TBC layer increases the average cooling effectiveness up to 18 %.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.299-312
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• 2006

This paper presents the results of a novel test structure for process control monitor for uncooled IR detector technology of microbolometer arrays. The proposed test structure is based on resistive network configuration. The theoretical model for resistance of this network has been developed using 'Compensation' and 'Superposition' network theorems. The theoretical results of proposed resistive network have been verified by wired hardware testing as well as using an actual 16x16 networked bolometer array. The proposed structure uses simple two-level metal process and is easy to integrate with standard CMOS process line. The proposed structure can imitate the performance of actual fabricated version of area array closely and it uses only 32 pins instead of 512 using conventional method for a $16{\times}16$ array. Further, it has been demonstrated that the defective or faulty elements can be identified vividly using extraction matrix, whose values are quite similar(within the error of 0.1%), which verifies the algorithm in small variation case(${\sim}1%$ variation). For example, an element, intentionally damaged electrically, has been shown to have the difference magnitude much higher than rest of the elements(1.45 a.u. as compared to ${\sim}$ 0.25 a.u. of others), confirming that it is defective. Further, for the devices having non-uniformity ${\leq}$ 10%, both the actual non-uniformity and faults are predicted well. Finally, using our analysis, we have been able to grade(pass or fail) 60 actual devices based on quantitative estimation of non-uniformity ranging from ＜ 5% to ＞ 20%. Additionally, we have been able to identify the number of bad elements ranging from 0 to ＞ 15 in above devices.