• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.717-721
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• 2010

Soil volume conversion factors are used for estimation of an excavated the soil volume which will be removed or added in levelling the ground surface of a construction site. An accurate evaluation method will help us reduce a construction cost and time consuming. In this study, we performed the laboratory tests, including grain size measurement, water content, specific gravity, porosity, density and XRD tests, to suggest reliable soil volume conversion factors and weathering indices in field using nondestructive methods. The weathering index and soil volume conversion factor L are obtained for different types of soils. At results, the CIW index is the best method measuring the weathering index and the factor L is relative to natural porosity, void ratio, density and dry density.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.48-57
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to establish reliability and validity and to identify the conversion index. Method: The WMSCN for ICU was revised from Workload Management System for Nurses(WMSN) of Walter Reed Army Hospital. Reliability of the WMSCN was evaluated interrater reliability between head nurses and staff nurses at 124 patients in April 2008. Validity through the correlation between direct nursing care hours and WMSCN score was conducted at 20 ICUs of 10 hospitals. Finally the conversion index was identified by total nursing hours and it divided by WMSCN score. Results: The scores by nurses were highly correlated with head nurses’(p=.967), and also scores of the WMSCN were highly correlated with the direct nursing care hours(p<.001). The distribution of patient classification ranks into class V(61.3%), class IV(24.2%) and class VI(11.3%). The scores of the WMSCN were no differences between MICU and SICU. Finally, the conversion index was 8.2 minutes. Conclusion: WMSCN is available to classify the nursing workload for critical care patients. The repeated evaluation of validity and reliability are requisite to use WMSCN effectively. And the conversion index should be adjusted to estimate the appropriate staffing in Korea.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.127-140
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was performed to verify reliability and validity of Korean Patient Classification System for nurses(KPCS-1), to estimate nursing time conversion index, and to classify patients into groups according to KPCS-1 scores. Methods: KPCS-1 was revised from KPCS by a professional review team. Interrater reliability and construct validity of KPCS-1 were verified by data from 433 patients. Direct and indirect nursing time of 204 patients were measured by stopwatch observation and self reports for 24 hours. Nursing time conversion index was calculated. Results: KPCS-1 consisted of 12 area, 50 nursing activities, and 73 items. The interrater reliability was tested between two nurse group (r=.88, p<.001) and construct validity was verified according to medical department (F=10.97, p<.001) and patient pattern (F=5.54, p=.001). The correlation of nursing time and classification score was also statistically significant (r=.56, p<.001). The nursing time conversion index was 9.03 minutes per 1 classification score. The patients were classified into 4 groups by the classification scores. Conclusion: KPCS-1 can be a useful factor type patient classification system for general ward. Further study is needed to evaluate validity and reliability for refining KPCS-1 and to develop ways connecting the scores with nursing outcomes.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.1304-1316
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• 2009

본 연구는 효율성에 기초한 환산지수의 도입 가능성을 알아보기 위한 기초 연구로 시도되었다. DEA 효율성지표와 환산지수가 전공의 수련교육을 실시하고 있는 60 개 병원을 그룹화하는데 얼마나 유용하게 사용될 수 있는가를 고찰하였다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해 자료수집이 가능한 표본병원의 환산지수와 AHP 개념을 도입해 DEA 모형의 투입변수와 산출변수를 선정하였다. 그 결과 병상규모가 클수록 규모적 비효율성이 큰 것으로 나타났으며 기술적으로 또는 규모적으로 비효율적인 병원일수록 환산지수가 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 환산지수와 효율성지표는 수련병원을 병원의 종별에 따라 종합전문병원과 종합병원으로 구분하는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있었다. 또한 DEA 효율성을 구하는 과정에서 독립변수로 사용된 투입 산출변수를 판별함수에 도입하였음에도 불구하고 환산지수와 효율성지표는 판별함수를 구성하는 주요 변수로 작용함을 확인하였다. 따라서 만약 모집단을 대표할 수 있는 많은 표본을 기초로 보다 명확한 결과를 얻을 수 있다면 건강보험의 수가계약제 하에서 효율성 개념을 바탕으로 한 환산지수계약의 도입을 신중하게 고려해 볼 수 있다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.258-262
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• 2016

The effect of zirconium dioxide ($ZrO_2$) on the properties of color conversion glasses was examined in the $BaO-ZnO-B_2O_3-SiO_2$ system. The difference in refractive index between glass and phosphor affect the optical properties of the color conversion glass because of light scattering. Reducing the difference in refractive index is a method to improve the luminous efficacy of color conversion glasses. As a reference, a type of glass that contains 25 mol% of each component was used. To increase the refractive index of the glass samples, the BaO content was increased from 25 to 40 mol%, and $ZrO_2$ was added at levels of 1, 3, and 5 mol%. Color conversion glasses were prepared by sintering a mixture of glass and 5 wt% $YAG:Ce^{3+}$ phosphor. As a result, the refractive index of the glass was found to be dependent on the BaO and $ZrO_2$ contents in the BaO-ZnO-$B_2O_3-SiO_2$ system. As the BaO and $ZrO_2$ contents were increased, the luminous efficacy of the color conversion glass was improved because the refractive index difference between the glass and the $YAG:Ce^{3+}$ phosphor decreased.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.125-137
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 1주기와 2 주기 모두 의료기관평가 대상이 된 병원의 Malmquist 지수를 구하고 지수변동의 원인을 분석하였다. 그 결과 평가대상이 된 병원의 Malmquist 방식에 의한 생산성 향상이 이루어졌음을 발견할 수 있었다. 의료기관평가점수와 생산성 변동과의 관계를 살펴본 결과 진료 및 운영체계 점수가 부문별성과 점수에 비해 높은 설명력을 가지고 있었다. 또한 생산성 향상이 큰 병원일수록 환산지수 하락 폭도 큰 것으로 나타났으며 이러한 결과는 병원의 종별, 그룹별, 지역별 모수 요인과도 독립적인 것으로 나타났다. 생산성 변동 폭이 큰 병원일수록 환산지수 하락 폭이 더 큰 것으로 나타나 수가계약의 한 요소로 생산성지표를 도입할 수 있는 가능성을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 정태적 효율성 보다는 다기간 생산성 변동을 반영한 환산지수 추정 모형과 지불제도 개편 시 다연도성과를 반영하는 메카니즘 개발이 검토되어야 한다는 점을 의미한다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.21-34
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• 2008

Objectives : This paper analysed the alternative methods of calculating conversion factor for oriental medicine in the National Health Insurance and estimated the conversion factor(reimbursing price level) of the oriental medical services, based on health insurance claims data and macro economic data. Methods : Comparing cost accounting method, SGR model, and index model to estimate conversion factor in the national health insurance, six empirical models were derived depending on the scope of revenue considered in financial indicators. Classifications of data and sources used in the analysis were identified as officially released by the government. Results and Conclusion : Cost accounting analysis and SGR model showed a two digit decrease in the physician fee schedule of oriental medical services in the national health insurance, while index model indicated a positive increase in the fee reimbursed. As expected, SGR model measured an overall trend of health expenditures rather than an individual financial status of medical institutions, and index model properly estimated the level of payments to oriental medical doctors. Upon a declining share of health expenditures on oriental medicine, a global budget system fixed to a flat rate of total budget could be an opportunity as well as a challenge.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.710-714
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• 2014

The effect of titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) on the properties of color conversion glasses was examined for glasses based on $BaO-ZnO-B_2O_3-SiO_2$. One glass sample, containing 25 mol% of each component, was used as a reference; the other three glass samples contained 1, 3, and 5 mol% $TiO_2$, respectively. The four color conversion glass samples were prepared by sintering a mixture of glass frits and a $YAG:Ce^+$ phosphor. The characteristics of the color conversion glass samples, such as luminous efficacy, luminance, CIE (Commission International de I'Eclairage) chromaticity, CCT (Correlated Color Temperature), and CRI (Color Rendering Index) were analyzed according to the PL spectrum. The refractive index of the glass samples was found to increase with the titanium dioxide content. In conclusion, luminous efficacy of color conversion glasses increased as the content of $TiO_2$ was raised in the glass matrix.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.1361-1369
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• 2014

월세가격 동향을 살펴볼 수 있는 국가승인통계인 월세가격동향조사는 8개시도 (수도권 및 지방광역시)의 3,000개 월세표본에 대하여 매월 월세가격을 파악하여 지역별, 주택유형별, 규모별 월세가격지수 및 증감률, 그리고 월세이율을 공표하고 있다. 이 통계에서 제공되는 월세가격지수는 월세시장 동향을 파악하는데 매우 중요한 지표로서, 적절한 주택정책의 수립과 평가에 활용되고 있다. 월세가격지수는 보증금과 월세의 이원적인 가격자료를 전월세전환율을 이용하여 완전월세액이라는 하나의 가격자료로 환산하여 그 변화율을 측정함으로써 산정되는데, 적용되는 전월세전환율 종류에 따라 상이한 가격지수가 도출될 수 있다. 현재 적용되고 있는 전월세전환율 하에서는 임차인의 입장에서 월세부담이 상승했다 하다라도 전세금 수준이 더 많이 상승한 경우 전월세전환율이 낮아져서 결과적으로 월세가격지수가 하락하는 현상이 발생될 수 있다. 따라서 현행 월세가격지수의 변동률에 대한 해석에 유의할 필요가 있다. 본 논문에서는 월세가격지수의 변동률을 전월세전환율 변화에 기인한 부분과 그렇지 않은 부분을 구분하여 분석할 수 있는 틀을 제공하고자 한다. 이러한 방법을 통하여 현재와 같이 전세금이 급격하게 상승하는 시장에서 월세가격지수가 떨어지는 경우, 적용된 전월세전환율 효과에 기인하지 않는 실제 월세수준의 변동 흐름을 보다 정확하게 파악할 수 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.1617-1621
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• 2002

Two hundred and sixteen single comb white egg layers of the White Leghorn hens of 24 weeks of age were randomly allocated to 12 groups with three replications of six hens in each. Hens were fed in a factorial arrangement 2${\times}3{\times}$2, on diets containing either 16 or 18% crude protein with 0, 3 or 6% fish meal, replacing groundnut meal with soybean meal. Soybean meal incorporation improved (p<0.05) egg production, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency and egg weights. Egg quality traits of specific gravity, shape index, albumen index, yolk index and shell thickness remained unchanged. Laying performance was significantly (p<0.05) better at 18% than on 16% dietary protein level. Use of fish meal linearly improved egg production and feed conversion efficiency on diets supplemented with groundnut meal and fish meal incorporation showed quadratic improvement on feed conversion efficiency with SBM diets at 16% dietary protein level. Therefore, use of soybean meal as substitute of groundnut meal is recommended in layer diets, at 16% dietary protein level and fish meal incorporation could be beneficial for layers.