• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제55권
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• pp.164-183
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• 2011

디지털 컨버전스의 기술 혁신은 언론 부문에서 핵심적인 노동이라고 할 수 있는 기자노동에도 막대한 영향을 주고 있다. 노동과정론에 따르면, 자본주의적 생산양식에서 기술혁신으로 인해 노동자들은 노동에 대한 통제력을 상실해가면서 탈숙련화의 과정을 겪어 왔고, 경영진들은 억압적인 노동조건을 은폐하고 노동자들을 더욱 효율적으로 통제하기 위해 이데올로기적, 정치적 장치들을 도입해 왔다. 이러한 문제의식 위에서 본 연구는 뉴스룸 통합의 기술혁신이 기자노동의 숙련도에 어떠한 영향을 주는지, 또 경영진들이 기자들을 통제하기 위해 사용하는 전략이 무엇인지를 CBS 통합뉴스룸의 사례를 통해 실증적으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 통합뉴스룸 도입으로 인해 기자들은 숙련노동에 대한 통제력을 상실해가면서 탈숙련화되고 있었다. 또한, 경영진들은 새로운 뉴스생산관행, 가족주의 노사문화에 대한 노동자들의 동의를 획득해 나갔으며, 내부노동시장 분절화를 통해 기업권력의 강화와 노동사회의 고립화 전략을 취하고 있었다.

• 사물인터넷융복합논문지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 주간보호센터 이용 여성노인을 대상으로 차(茶)문화치료 융합프로그램 경험을 탐색하고 그 융합프로그램 경험을 이해하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 P시 H주간보호센터를 중심으로 차(茶)문화치료 융합프로그램 경험을 마지막 회기까지 참여 한 여성노인 4명을 대상으로 심층 면담을 수행하였으며 자료 분석은 Colaizzi의 현상학적 분석 방법으로 하였다. 분석결과 주간보호센터 이용 여성노인을 대상으로 차(茶)문화치료 융합프로그램 경험의 4개의 범주인 되돌림의 일상, 차와 함께 나는 대비마마, 차와 함께 젊은 그대, 차와 함께 행복의 나라로 분석하였다. 차(茶)문화치료 융합프로그램 경험에 대한 분석 결과를 토대로 노인복지실천 영역에서 코비드 19로 인한 노인 여가활동에 관심과 개입이 시급함을 제시하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.650-660
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to measure the parenting behavior of primary caregivers of children in early childhood. Methods: An instrument was developed according to Devellis's instrument development process. The participants in this study who completed the main survey were 370 mothers and grandmothers. The survey was conducted from June 1 to July 30, 2014, and collected data were analyzed using item analysis, half-split reliability and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity. Results: The factor structure of the instrument showed the cumulative variance as 55.7% in the factor analysis. As a result of a confirmatory factor analysis, a four-factor structure was found to be appropriate, and the construct validity and convergent validity of the instrument were thereby confirmed. The finalized parenting behavior instrument consisted of 26 items and four independent factors: affectionate, laissez-faire, educational and impulsive. A five-point Likert scale was employed, and a higher score in a particular factor showed that most of the behaviors belonged to the factor. Conclusion: The instrument developed in this study was found to be reliable and valid, and can be used to develop parent-child relationship building.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.347-357
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• 2012

The focus of this dissertation is on the comparative Analysis of Questions in the 'Matter Units of Elementary Science Textbook between the 7th Curriculum and the Revised Curriculum Year 2007. The results of the comparative Analysis in the dissertation are as follows: There were more closed questions than open questions in these elementary science textbooks both of the 7th Curriculum and the Revised Curriculum Year 2007. Cognitive-memory questions were the most frequently asked in all grade levels. In the Revised Curriculum Year 2007, Convergent thinking questions presented with higher rate than the 7th Curriculum. Divergent thinking questions and evaluative thinking questions was presented with a relatively lower rate than the 7th Curriculum. Question types were applied based on the characteristics of each unit rather than on children's developmental characteristics.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.80-91
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• 2019

Purpose: This study attempted to develop a scale that measures the level of patients' recognition of the nurses' care, based on Watson's caring theory, and confirmed its reliability and validity. Methods: The items were developed through a literature review and an expert content validity test. The questionnaires were administered to 285 inpatients of internal medicine and surgical units at two general hospitals. Construct validity was tested using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha. Results: This process resulted in a preliminary scale composed of 34 items; We used item analysis and five exploratory factor analyses, and consequently selected 14 items composed of three factors (respect, genuineness, and relationality). The confirmatory factor analysis verified the model fit and convergent and discriminant validity of the final items; criterion validity was confirmed with the positive correlation with the measurement scale of the patient-perceived quality of nursing. The overall scale reliability had a Cronbach's alpha of .92, which indicated internal consistency and reliability. Conclusion: The developed scale showed content, construct, and criterion validity, and reliability, as well as convergent validity for each item and discriminant validity between the factors. This makes it suitable for use in a diverse range of future studies on nurse communication using structural equation models.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.525-537
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and test a reward scale for hospital nurses. Methods: The initial items were identified through a literature review and focus group interviews with ten hospital nurses. The content validity of the items was evaluated by ten experts. Fifty-one items were derived from the pilot survey. Four hundred eighty-eight nurses participated in the study: 248 for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and 240 confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Data were analyzed using item analysis, EFA, CFA, convergent validity, known-group validity, and internal consistency using IBM SPSS Statistics 29.0 and IBM SPSS AMOS 29.0. Results: The final scale consisted of 31 items and eight factors (decent wage, opportunity to grow and develop, support for special situations, various benefits, flexibility of work, job-related achievement, reflecting career and performance, and recognition), which explained 67.3% of the total variance. The eight-subscale model was validated by CFA. Convergent validity was evaluated by analyzing correlation with intention to leave (r = - .63, p < .001) and job satisfaction (r = .54, p < .001). The known-group validity was evaluated by comparing the reward scales according to age, clinical career, income level and hospital type. The scale was found to be reliable with a Cronbach's α of .89. Conclusion: Both the validity and reliability of the reward scale for hospital nurses are verified, which can enhance the understanding of the range of rewards and may assist nurse managers in establishing an effective reward system.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2012

Purpose: This Study was to examine to applicability of the Maslach Burnout Inventory on measuring burnout of the nurses who works in Korean university hospitals. Methods: The sample included 200 nurses and nurse managers. We used 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory to evaluate the reported burnout. We evaluated the convergent validity through the factor analysis, and evaluated the discriminant validity through the Pearson's correlation analysis. Also, we evaluated the reliability for three subscales of Maslach Burnout Inventory with the Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, which assesses the internal consistency. Results: Factor analysis revealed three factors being extracted from the 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory, and item loading for each factor is higher than 0.5. Therefore, the Maslach Burnout Inventory demonstrated high convergent validity. Also, emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment, and depersonalization showed low correlation leading to the conclusion that there was discriminant validity. The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficients in the 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory and three subscales were higher than 0.7. Conclusion: Maslach Burnout Inventory can be used as a valid instrument to measure the burnout level of the nurses working in Korean university hospitals.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.319-331
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to evaluate posttraumatic growth in patients with cancer and to examine the validity and reliability of the scale. Methods: A literature review, semi-structured patient interviews and an expert panel consultation produced a 27 preliminary item questionnaire. Participants were 150 cancer patients recruited to test the reliability and validity of the preliminary scale. Data were analyzed using item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, convergent validity and internal consistency. Results: Item reduction and exploratory factor analysis led to 23 items, grouped into five subscales which were labelled new possibilities (6 items), coping skills (5 items), preciousness of life (5 items), relating to others (4 items), and personal strength (3 items). Convergent validity was evaluated by total correlation with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (r=.45, p<.001). The final scale demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ =.94). Conclusion: Findings from this study indicate that the Cancer-Specific Posttraumatic Growth Inventory has validity and reliability and is considered to be appropriate for assessing posttraumatic growth in patients with cancer.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.301-307
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• 2018

종합병원행정직의 자아존중감, 피로 및 사회심리적 스트레스와 우울 간의 관련성을 파악하고 우울에 미치는 융복합적 영향을 조사하였다. 조사대상은 임의로 선정된 J시의 9개 종합병원에서 무작위로 추출된 재직자 201명으로 하였으며, 자료수집은 2017년 7월 3일부터 2017년 7월 29일까지 구조화된 무기명 자기기입식 설문지를 통해 이루어졌다. 우울은 피로의 3가지 하위요인 및 사회심리적 스트레스와는 양의 상관관계를, 자아존중감과는 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 공분산구조분석 결과, 자아존중감은 피로 및 사회심리적 스트레스보다는 우울에 더 큰 영향을 미쳤으며, 피로 및 사회심리적 스트레스가 높아질수록, 자아존중감이 낮아질수록 우울을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 볼 때, 종합병원 행정직의 우울과 관련된 자아존중감, 피로 및 사회심리적 스트레스를 관리하는 노력이 필요하다. 분석결과는 종합병원 행정직의 우울을 낮추는 산업보건교육 및 직무관리에 활용이 기대된다. 추후연구에서는 종합병원 행정직의 우울에 영향을 미치는 융복합적인 추가요인에 대한 분석이 필요하다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.751-759
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• 1998

The study of the validity test on the self-monitoring scale for nurses In this study, both the literary survey as well as empirical research has been executed to test the validity of the scales that measure the construct of the self-monitoring scale. The self-monitoring scale could not be classified into five factors as Snyder suggested. Many other scholars (Briggs, Cheek and Buss, 1980) suggested 3 different classifications which was accepted by Snyder and Gangestad (1986). John, Cheek and Klohnen(1996) claimed a two-factor classification. As has been discussed, factor analysis is used to prove convergent validity within the factor and discriminant validity between the factors. However, depending on the researchers, many variations in classification of the factors were found and a lack of content and discriminant validity were found in the previous research findings. It is also important to note that Snyder's self-monitoring scale did not factor-load at over. 30 for all 25 items, regardless of how many factors could be classified. According to findings of this study, the self-monitoring scale neither classified as five, three or two factors nor factor loaded as hypothesized. It is also clear that Snyder's self-monitoring scale lacks convergent validity as the sub-factors of the scale failed to prove its uni-dimensionality. The A self-monit oring scale not only fail to overcome the problems of Snyder's self-monitori ng scale but even lost the attractiveness of the self-monitoring scale. In this study it was also found that the A self-monitoring scale was not classified in either in a two or three-factor classification as hypothesized. It is, of course, not desirable to use any scale that lacks convergent and discriminant validity even though it has been widely used and has held a great deal of influence on the field of social psychology. To overcome the shortcomings of Snyder's self-monitoring scale, Lennox and Wolfe(1984) suggested 13 items. This study was dedicated to test the validity and reliability of the scale, in which we found that the data presented in validity as the two factors were class ified and loaded as expected. Reliability was also proven by checking Cronbach's α for each factor and for the total items. In addition, a confirmatory factor analysis was executed for the 13 items using LISREL 8.12 program to confirm convergent validity in a two-factor classification. The model was fitting and sound : however, the self-monitoring scale was unfitted and not validated. Thus, it is recommended to use not the original nor the abbreviated self-monitoring scale but the 13 items in future studies. It should also be noted that items 7 and 13 should be removed to obtain better uni-dimensionality for the 13 items. These items loaded at over. 30, too high for the two factors in the test results of Factor analysis. In addition, it is necessary to double-check the cause of two-hold loading at over .30 for the two factors. It could be a problem caused by data or by the scale itself. Therefore, additional studies should follow to better clarify this matter.