• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.193-209
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• 2009

조사지역에서 출현한 저서성대형무척추동물은 총 3문 5강 13목 25과 32속 36종이었는데, 출현한 분류군별 양상을 보면 주로 정수역에서 출현하는 종들이 많았지만 일반적으로 유수역에서 출현하는 다슬기나 재첩, 각다귀 등도 출현하였다. 유기농법 지역에서 출현한 분류군은 3문 4강 12목 22과 27속 28종이었고, 관행농법을 하는 지역에서 출현한 분류군은 3문 5강 10목 19과 23속 25종으로 유기농법 지역에서 3종이 더 출현하였다. 출현 분류군별 특성은 크게 유의한 결과를 찾기 힘들었고, 관행농법지역에서 출현하지 않았으나 유기농법 지역에서만 출현한 종이 11종이었고, 관행농법 지역에서만 출현한 종이 8종이었다. 개체수는 두 지역간에 큰 차이가 있었는데, 관행농법 지역에서는 245개체가 출현한 반면 유기농법 지역에서 총 870개체가 출현하여 3.6배 이상 높게 나타났다. 종 다양도 지수는 1차 조사에서 관행농법 지역은 1.53-2.21의 범위와 유기농법 지역은 1.57-2.45의 범위를 나타내었다. 2차 조사에서는 각각 1.90-2.74와 0.71-2.61의 범위를 나타내어 우점도와 반대의 결과를 보여주었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.408-414
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• 2011

유기농 벼 재배에 유리한 지역을 찾고자 재배지역을 산간, 일반농촌 및 도시근교로 달리하여 재배하였을 때 병해충 및 잡초발생량, 벼의 생육과 쌀의 품질을 조사하였다. 재배지역에 상관없이 유기와 관행재배 모든 처리구에서 잎집무늬마름병, 도열병, 혹명나방 및 벼멸구가 발생되었다. 유기재배의 지역별 멸구류 발생 밀도는 20주당 4.4~10 마리이었지만, 관행재배에서는 10.1~19.5 마리로 유기재배보다 높았다. 유기와 관행재배 벼논에서 우점적으로 발생한 잡초는 1년생 잡초인 물달개비 (Monochoria vaginalis)와 여뀌바늘 (Ludwigia prostrata), 다년생 잡초인 알방동사니 (Cyperus difformis)이었다. 지역별로 가장 많은 잡초발생 지역은 도시근교로 유기와 관행재배에서 발생한 잡초의 밀도는 각각 $m^2$ 당 121, 79.2본 이었으며 잡초의 건물중은 각각 $m^2$ 당 50.5, 11.4 g 이었다. 벼 재배지역별 수량은 산간지역이 $2.96Mg\;ha^{-1}$으로 낮았으며 수량이 높은 처리구는 일반농촌과 도시근교의 관행 재배로서 각각 4.56, $4.31Mg\;ha^{-1}$ 이었다. Toyo 식미치는 벼 재배지역별 유의성은 없었으나 영농방법에 의한 유의성은 있는 것으로 나타났다. 산간과 도시근교의 유기농 재배에서의 식미치는 관행재배보다 높았다. 벼 재배지역별 완전립의 비율은 유기재배와 관행재배에서 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 불완전립 비율 또한 재배지역에 따른 유의성은 나타나지 않았고, 불완전립의 비율은 27.2~33.1%이었으며, 이중에서 가장 큰 비율을 차지하는 것은 미숙립과 피해립이었다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2014

While utilizing high resolution satellite image for land use classification has been popularized, object-oriented classification has been adapted as an affordable classification method rather than conventional statistical classification. The aim of this study is to extract the paddy field area using object-oriented classification with time series NDVI from high-resolution satellite images, and the RapidEye satellite images of Jaeryung-gun in North Korea were used. For the implementation of object-oriented classification, creating objects by setting of scale and color factors was conducted, then 3 different land use categories including paddy field, forest and water bodies were extracted from the objects applying the variation of time-series NDVI. The unclassified objects which were not involved into the previous extraction classified into 6 categories using unsupervised classification by clustering analysis. Finally, the unsuitable paddy field area were assorted from the topographic factors such as elevation and slope. As the results, about 33.6 % of the total area (32313.1 ha) were classified to the paddy field (10847.9 ha) and 851.0 ha was classified to the unsuitable paddy field based on the topographic factors. The user accuracy of paddy field classification was calculated to 83.3 %, and among those, about 60.0 % of total paddy fields were classified from the time-series NDVI before the unsupervised classification. Other land covers were classified as to upland(5255.2 ha), forest (10961.0 ha), residential area and bare land (3309.6 ha), and lake and river (1784.4 ha) from this object-oriented classification.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.38-45
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• 1988

This study was intended to develop the system automatically controlling travel direction of combine by means of sensing paddy rows. The control system was composed of three detecting levers having different length, micro-switch, microcomputer and electro-hydraulic control system. Sensor and control system developed was tested to estimate optimum design values and its actual performance as installed in combine. The computer simulation and performance test at simulated and actual field were conducted to test for possibility of practical use. The results of the study arc summarized. as follows: 1. The travel traces of combine hiving the conventional sensor with 2 levers and the new sensor detecting the slope of paddy rows were compared through computer simulation. Turning frequency of combine having new sensor was fewer than that of conventional sensor, but the rate of turning for the combine with new sensor was much greater than that of conventional sensor. 2. As sensor was established behind the tip of divider, the sensor itself well followed paddy rows but the tip of divider did not, resulting in divider being deviated from paddy rows. It was analyzed that the sensor should be attached closer to the tip of divider to have a better performance of the control system. 3. The greater the length of sensor lever for given location of sensor attachment and combine forward speed, the higher sensitivity of turning in control system. Moreover, increasing combine speed resulted in a worse performance of control system following paddy rows. Consequently, it was necessary that an optimum length of sensor attachment and for the range of combine operational speed. 4. Field test of combine installed with the sensor and electro-hydraulic system developed in this study showed that it may be operated smoothly and well behaved to paddy rows to 4th gear of combine speed which was 59cm/s. Consequently. it was concluded that the combine with the guidance control system developed in this study may be successfully used for paddy combining.

• 농촌계획
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2017

National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) has proposed new methodology for estimating unit load in order to overcome the limitations of past unit load based on short-term and local area based data. In the case of agricultural land, however, the results presented by NIER are still limited because of various agricultural activities and farmland characteristics. In this study, liquid manure treated paddy field and organic farming upland were selected for considering agricultural diversity. Four different methods for evaluating unit load were used for comparing previous research results. The results of different methods presented various trends compared with those of existing studies. Paddy field treated liquid manure was 1.3 times higher for T-N load and 3.1 times for T-P load than conventional paddy field. Conventional upland was 4.4 times higher for T-N load and 1.8 times higher for T-P load than organic farming upland. In the case of non-conventional farmland, this study showed different values with the unit loads presented by NIER. This implies that it is necessary to review and apply the unit loads considering various agricultural conditions when establishing environmental policy and rural planning.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1976

논, 밭 양조건하에서 수륙도를 재배하여 생육과 수량을 비교하였다. 수도는 영남조생과 유신을, 육도는 하다상고구와 다찌미노리를 공시하했으며 처리내용은 무관개표준비, 관개표준비, 관개질소증비의 3구는 밭에, 관수표준비구는 논에 설치하여 1975년에 시험을 실시하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 수도는 논조건하에서 현미 수량이 많았고 유신은 $10^{a}$ 당 431.7kg으로서 가장 많았으며 육도는 논보다 밭에서 증수하였다. 2. 밭조건하에서 질소 증비에 의한 증수는 수도의 영남조생과 유신은 인정되나, 육도 2품종은 증수를 인정할 수 없었다. 3. 영남조생과 유신의 출수기는 논조건하에서 보다 밭조건하에서 약 1주일 늦었다. 4. 고중은 수도는 논, 밭조건하에서 차이가 없었으나, 육도는 논보다 밭에서 많았다. 5. 10cm간 수수는 논ㆍ밭 어느 조건하에서도 수도가 많고 육도는 논, 밭조건하에 의한 차이를 인정할수 없었다. 6. 등숙비율과 천립중은 육도가 수도보다 논, 밭 어느 조건하에서도 컸으며 논과 밭의 비교에서는 수륙도 모두 논조건하에서 컸다. 7. 수도는 논에서, 육도는 밭에서 일수립수가 많은 경향을 보였다. 8. 엽신의 질소함량은 전생육기간을 통하여 공히 논조건하에서 보다 밭조건하에서 많았다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2002

This study was conducted to develop a dry paddy seeder of strip tillage. The prototype is 8 rows drill seeder, which is composed of a strip tillage, sowing and fertilizing device, and pressing wheels to do the strip tillage, sowing, fertilizing, and draining ditch, simultaneously. The performances of prototype was evaluated through the investigation of fuel consumption, tillage torque, ratio of soil breaking, and economical efficiency and the results were compared with these of a dry paddy seeder that needs whole tillage. According to the USDA textural classification, the experiment field was composed of sandy loam which consisted of 56.8 of sand, 30.2 of silt and 13.0 % of clay, respectively. Its hardness ranged from 952 to 1,673 kPa depending on the soil depth, and its soil moisture content was 24.9%(d. b.) Fuel consumption of the prototype was 5,015g/hr at 2,000 rpm of engine, which was consequently 64% smaller than that of the conventional dry paddy seeder. For the tillage torque, it ranged from 132 to 206N$.$m depending on the tillage pitch, which was 10∼30% smaller than that of the conventional dry paddy seeder. The ratio of soil braking of the prototype was 87∼98%, whereas that of the conventional dry paddy seeder was 80∼97%. The working performance of the prototype was surveyed to be 3.8hours/ha, which was about 5 times higher than that of the conventional dry paddy seeder. The cost reduction of 26.3% was obtained by using the prototype.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.629-647
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• 2018

1. 유기재배구의 토양조건은 배수가 약간 불량한 미사질 양토인 전북통 보통답으로 유효규산이 높은 것을 제외하고는 우리나라 논토양의 화학적 성분과 평균 함량이 유사하였다. 2. 관행재배구와 유기재배구 간에 생육은 초장, 분얼수, 이삭수, 이삭길이 모두 관행재배구에서 높은 것을 확인하였으며 이삭당 입수와 등숙율은 유기재배구에서 다소 높게 나타났다. 3. 병해충 발생정도는 물바구미, 잎집무늬마름병, 혹명나방, 도열병이 유기재배구에서 많이 발생하였고, 이삭누룩병은 관행재배구에서 조금 더 많이 발생하였다. 4. 주요 관리대상 병해충인 잎집무늬마름병(y=-0.2848x+199.57, $R^2=0.704^*$), 혹명나방 발생(y=-0.1361x+92.535, $R^2=0.8049^*$)과 쌀 수량과의 관계에서 유의성이 높은 부의 상관관계가 나타났다. 5. 백미 품질은 유기재배구에서 파쇄미의 증가로 완전립 비율이 낮았지만, 단백질함량이 관행재배구에 비해 낮아 전반적인 품질 및 윤기치가 높아졌다. 6. 쌀 재배 순수익은 관행재배구에서 36만원/10a, 유기재배구에서 61만원/10a로 유기재배구의 순수익이 68% 높게 나타났다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2006

This study was conducted to compare soybean growth and yield and the degree of weed emergence according to no-tillage and conventional tillage system in two different drained paddy fields, loam of Chilgok series and silty clay loam of Deokpyeong series. In both soil conditions, the maturing time of the soybeans by the no-tillage system was two days earlier than that by the conventional tillage system. In the loam of Chilgok series, the stem length of the soybeans in the no-tillage system was 5.7 cm longer than that in the conventional tillage system. The miss-planted rate and diseased plants of black root rot (Calonectria iliacola) in the no-tillage system were 9.2% and 2.8% lower, respectively than those in the conventional tillage system. Also, the nodulation and seed yield in the no-tillage system were 32% and 13% more, respectively, than those in the conventional tillage system. In the silty clay loam of Deokpyeong series, the stem length of the soybeans in the no-tillage system was 4.6cm shorter than in the conventional tillage system. The diseased plants of black root rot (Calonectria iliacola) in the no-tillage system were 4.2% lower than those in the conventional tillage system. Also, no significant difference in the seed yield between the no-tillage and conventional tillage systems was observed. On the other hand, there was a lower occurrence of weed in the no-tillage system than in the conventional tillage system, and the income increased by 19% owing to yield increase and reduced management costs.

• 농촌계획
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.21-33
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• 2021

Rice straw management and winter crop cultivation are crucial components for the accurate estimation of paddy methane emissions. Field-based extensive investigation of paddy organic matter management requires enormous efforts however it becomes more feasible as drone technology advances. The objectives of this study were to identify paddy fields of straw application and winter crop cultivation using drone images and to apply for the estimation of yearly methane emission. Total 35 sites of over 150ha in area were selected nationwide as the study areas. Drone images of the study sites were taken twice during summer and winter in 2018 through 2019: Summer images were used to identify paddy cultivation areas, while winter images for straw and winter crop practices. Drone-image-based identification results were used to estimate paddy methane emission and compared with conventional method. As the result, mean areas for paddy, straw application and winter crop cultivation were 118.9ha, 12.0ha, and 11.3ha, respectively. Overall rice straw application rate were greater in Gyeonggi-do(20%) and Chungcheongnam-do(12%), while winter crop cultivation was greatest in Gyeongsangnam-do(30%) and Jeolla-do(27%). Yearly mean methane emission was estimated to be 226.2kg CH₄/ha/yr in this study and about 32% less when compared to 331.8kg CH₄/ha/yr estimated with the conventional method. This was primarily because of the lower rice straw application rate observed in this study, which was less than quarter the rate of 55.62% used for the conventional method. This indicates the necessity to use more accurate statistics of rice straw application as well as winter crop practices into paddy methane emission estimation. Thus it is recommended to further study to link drone technology with satellite image analysis in order to identify organic management practices at a paddy field level over extensive agricultural area.