• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

A series of experiments employing particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique was conducted to produce benchmark wave kinematics data for regular waves having four different wave slopes in 2-D wave tank. Water velocities and accelerations near the free surface of regular waves were computed from image pair obtained by PIV systems. With the measured wave velocity field, the wave accelerations were computed using a centered finite difference scheme. Both local and convective components of the total accelerations are obtained from experimental data. With increasing the wave slope, the horizontal velocity and the vertical accelerations near the wave crest obtained by PIV technique became larger than theoretical results, which are well-known phenomena of the wave nonlinearity. It is noted that the relative magnitude of convective acceleration to the local acceleration became larger with increasing wave slope.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.107-119
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• 2022

The aim of the work presented in this paper is development of numerical model for prediction of temperature distribution in pavement according to the measured meteorological parameters, with introduction of non-linear heat transfer coefficient which is a function of temerature difference between the air and the pavement. Developed model calculates heat radiated from the pavement back in the air, which is an important part of the heat trasfer process in the open air surfaces. Temperature of the pavement surface, heat radiation together with many meteorological parameters were measured in series during two years in order to validate the model and calibrate model parameters. Special finite element method for temperature heat transfer towards the soil together with the time integration scheme are used to solve the governing equation. It is proved that non-linear heat transfer coefficient, which is a function of time and temperature difference between the air and the pavement, is required to decribe this phenomena. Proposed model includes heat tranfer coefficient callibration for specific climate region, through the iterative inverse procedure.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.873-881
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• 1997

A numerical simulation has been carried out for three-dimensional turbulent flows around an Ahmed body. The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equation is solved with the SIMPLE method in general curvilinear coordinates system. Several k-.epsilon. turbulence models with two convective difference schemes are evaluated for the performance such as drag coefficient, velocity and pressure fields. The drag coefficient, the velocity and pressure fields are found to be changed considerably with the adopted k-.epsilon. turbulence models as well as the finite difference schemes. The results of simulation prove that the RNG k-.epsilon. model with the QUICK scheme predicts fairly well the tendency of velocity and pressure fields and gives more reliable drag coefficient. It is also demonstrated that the large difference between simulations and experiment in the drag coefficient is due to relatively high predicted values of pressure drag from vertical rear end base.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.3031-3040
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• 1995

Two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations have been solved by the node-centered finite volume method with the unstructured triangular meshes. The pressure-velocity coupling is handled by the artificial compressibility algorithm due to its computational efficiency associated with the hyperbolic nature of the resulting equations. The convective fluxes are obtained by the Roe's flux difference splitting scheme using edge-based connectivities and higher-order differences are achieved by a reconstruction procedure. The time integration is based on an explicit four-stage Runge-Kutta scheme. Numerical procedures with local time stepping and implicit residual smoothing have been implemented to accelerate the convergence for the steady-state solutions. Comparisons with experimental data and other numerical results have proven accuracy and efficiency of the present unstructured approach.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2003

With the advent of high performance computers and more efficient numerical algorithms, computational fluid dynamics(CFD) has come out as a modem alternative for reducing the use of wind tunnels test in automotive engineering. However, in spite of the fact that many competent researchers have made all their talents in developing turbulence model over since the past dozen or more years, it has been an important impediment in using the CFD effectively to design machinery and to diagnose or to improve engineering problems in the industry since the turbulence model has been acting as the Achilles' tendon in aspect of the reliability even to this time. In this study, Reynolds-averaged Wavier-Stokes equations were solved to simulate an incompressible turbulent flow around a bus-like bluff body near ground plane. In order to investigate the effect of the discretisation schemes and turbulence model on the aerodynamic forces several turbulence models with five convective difference schemes are adopted. From the results of this study, it is clear that choice of turbulence model and discretisation scheme profoundly affects the computational outcome. The results also show that the adoption of RNG $k-\varepsilon$ turbulence model and nonlinear quadratic turbulence model with the second order accurate discretisation scheme predicts fairly well the aerodynamic coefficients.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 1996년도 춘계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.99-104
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• 1996

The jet pump is being used in many fields for several purposes because of its simple construction and easy operation. The characteristics of the geometrical variables, pressure gradient and velocity distribution of the jet pump are studied using the CFD technique. The flow calculations through a bended nozzle. a mixing chamber and a venturi are presented and phenomenological aspects are discussed. This study solve 3-D steady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations using the Iterative time marching scheme. The governing equations are differenced with 1st-order accurate backward difference scheme for the time derivatives and 3rd-order accurate QUICK scheme for the convective terms. The Mark-and-cell concept was applied efficiently to solve continuity equation, which is differenced 2nd-order accurate central differenced scheme. The 4th-order artificial damping is added to the continuity equation for numerical stability. A O-type of grid system is generated inside a nozzle and venturi of the jet pump. It has concluded that the results of present study properly agree with physical flow phenomena.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1997

A FA-FD hybrid method, developed for solving three-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, is applied to calculate three-dimensional laminar flows through a square duct with a 90° bend. The method discretizes the convective terms in the primary flow direction with 3rd-order upwind finite-differences and the convective and diffusive terms in the transverse directions with the two-dimensional finite analytic method. The non-staggered grid system is used and the pressure-velocity coupling is achieved by a global iteration procedure based on the PISO algorithm. Detailed comparisons between the computed solutions and the available experimental data are given mainly for the velocity distributions at cross-sections in a 90° bend of a square duct with both fully developed and developing entry flows. Although the computational result shows generally a good agreement with the experimental data, there are some significant discrepancies underlining the necessity of more accurate numerical methods as well as reliable experimental data for their validation.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.299-306
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• 1989

본 연구에서는 밀집형 열교환기에 사용되고 있는 루우버 핀에 해당되는 간단한 형상인 등온, 수직, 평행평판에서의 혼합대류 열전달에 관하여 Pr=0.7, Gr=$10^{4}$ 및 50＜Rｅ$_{L}$＜500인 경유 평판간격과 평판길이를 변수로 하여 유한차분법으로 수치해석하였다. 속도분포, 온도분포 및 Nusselt수를 구하여 평판의 간격과 길이가 열전달에 미치는 영향에 관하여 연구하였다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.430-436
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• 1997

Time-dependent Flow characteristics of a two-dimensional lid-driven square cavity flow of six high Reynolds numbers, $10^4 2{\times}lO^4., 3{\times}l0^4, 5{\times}lO^4, 7.5{\times}lO^4$ and $10^5$ were investigated. A convection conservative difference scheme based upon SOLA to maintain the nearly 2nd-order spatial accuracy was adopted on irregular grid formation. Irregular grid number is $80{\times}80$ and its minimum size is about 1/400 of the cavity height(H) and its maximum is about 1/53 H. The result shows that at Re= $10^4$, periodic migration of small eddies appearing in corner separation region and its temporal sinusoidal fluctuation are represented. And another critical Reynolds number which shows the commencement of flow randomness emerging from the periodic fluctuation is assumed to be around Re= $1.5{\times}10$. At five higher Reynolds numbers ($2{\times}lO^4., 3{\times}l0^4, 5{\times}lO^4, 7.5{\times}lO^4$ and $10^5$), an organizing structure of four consecutive vortices similar to a Moffat vortex at two lower corners is revealed from time-mean flow patterns.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.129-138
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• 1993

본 연구는 Navier-Stokes 식의 모형방정식으로 이류 및 확산거동을 갖는 선형화된 Burgers 방정식과 비선형 형태의 Burgers 방정식을 선택하여, 이에 대한 유한차분법과 유한해석법의 수치해를 해석해와 비교하여 봄으로써, 유한해석법의 응용성에 대해 고찰한 것이다. 본 연구를 통하여 얻어진 성과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. Burgers 방정식 및 선형화된 Burgers 방정식의 정상상태의 해석해를 사용하여 두 수치기법에 따른 수치해를 비교해 본 결과, 해석해와의 근사정도를 동일 기준 하에서 살펴볼 때, 유한해석법이 유한차분법보다 우수한 것으로 나타났다. Burgers 방정식의 비정상상태의 해석해에 대한 정확성 또한 유한해석법이 보다 잘 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 유한해석법은 유한차분법의 사용시 격자 크기의 선택에 따라 해의 수렴과정에서 발생할 수 있는 위상오차에 기인한 진동현상이 전혀 발생하지 않는다는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 따라서 유한해석법은 수치기법상 위상오차로부터 자유로운 안정된 해석기법이라고 판단된다.