• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1279-1287
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• 2004

The vaporization characteristics of a liquid heptane droplet in a supercritical nitrogen flow are numerically studied. The transient conservation equations of mass, momentum, energy, and species are expressed in an axisymmetric coordinate system. The governing equations are solved time marching method with preconditioning scheme. The modified Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state is employed for taking account of real gas effects such as thermodynamic non-ideality and transport anomaly. Changing the convective velocity and ambient pressure, several parametric studies are conducted. The numerical results show that the two parameters, Reynolds number and dimensionless combined parameter(${\mu}$s/${\mu}$d)(equation omitted), have influence on supercritical droplet vaporization.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06d
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• pp.540-545
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• 2001

An experimental study was conducted to compare the heat transfer characteristics of an impinging slot jet and three kinds of impinging circular jets. Thermochromic liquid crystal with an image processing system was employed to measure the temperature of impinging wall where constant heat flux condition was applied. The distribution of convective heat transfer coefficients were then evaluated for eight nozzle-to-surface distance settings for each jet cases. The cooling effect was linearly proportional to the number of nozzles for circular jet cases at the same nozzle exit speed. However, the heat transfer under constant volume flow rate was the most at single circular jet. It was concluded that the overall convective heat transfer was better at the circular jets than the slot jet.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.80-88
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• 2017

In this research a time dependent thermal and solutal convection was computationally investigated for the physical vapor transport of the mixture of $Hg_2Cl_2-I_2$ system with for the convective regime from thermal Rayleigh number of $2.16{\times}10^6$ up to $1.7{\times}10^7$ with marching time to a steady state problem. With time marching, the convective cells are decreased for the thermal Rayleigh number of $2.16{\times}10^6$, and increased for the thermal Rayleigh number of $1.7{\times}10^7$. The convective flow structures are found to be essentially time independent on the horizontal orientation of the enclosure with respect to the gravity vector, and on the other hand, time dependent on the vertical orientation of the enclosure with respect to the gravity vector.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.228-233
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• 2000

The Korean Next Generation Reactor(KNGR) is a Pressurized Water Reactor adopting direct vessel injection(DVI) to optimize the performance of emergency core cooling system(ECCS). In a certain accident, however, pressurized thermal shock(PTS) of the vessel due to the sudden contact with the injected cold water is expected. In this paper, an accident of Main Steam Line Break(MSLB) has been numerically investigated with direct vessel injections and an increased volume flow rate in some cold legs. Using FLUENT code, temperature distributions of the fluid in the downcomer and of reactor vessel including the core region have been calculated, together with the distribution of convective heat transfer coefficient(CHTC) at the cladding surface of the reactor vessel. The result shows that some parts of the core region of the reactor vessel have higher temperature gradient expressing higher thermal stress.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.1770-1779
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• 1995

A combined convective heat transfer study for non-Newtonian fluids was experimentally performed in uniformly heated horizontal tubes with laminar flow in the thermal entry region. Velocity profiles were fully developed at the entrance of the heated sections in the tubes. Aqueous solutions of sodium carboxymethylcellulose(CMC ) were used; their behavior showed a reasonably good fit into the power-law model, .tau.=K.gamma.$^{n}$ . The test sections were made of copper with inside diameters of 3.23 cm and 5.042 cm and lengths of approximately 300 cm. Most experimental runs displayed noticeable secondary flows caused by buoyancy ; when present, secondary flows caused significant increase in the rate of heat transfer over the purely forced-convection case. A correlation, which relates the rate of heat transfer for flows with temperature-dependent properties, free convection effects, and non-newtonian effects, was suggested.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.290-301
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• 1992

An experimental study has been performed to investigate the characteristics of forced convective heat transfer in a rectangular duct with a 180.deg. bend. The Nusselt number of outer wall has maximum value near 105.deg. at which secondary flow is most active and the Nusselt number of inner wall has maximum value near the inlet of a duct. Near the outlet of a duct, the Nusselt number of outer wall decreases, the Nusselt number of inner wall increases and so those access each other through the influence of a straight duct attached to the end of a duct with a 180.deg. bend. Results of this experimental study would be the fundamental data when streamline curvature correction models are developed in the numerical study for forced convective heat transfer in a curved duct.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1095-1105
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• 2005

Numerical analysis has been carried out to investigate transient turbulent convective heat transfer in a vertical tube for supercritical water near the thermodynamic critical point. Heat transfer and fluid flow in the tube we strongly coupled due to the large variations of thermodynamic and transport properties such as density, specific heat, and turbulent viscosity. As pressure in the tube approaches to the critical pressure, the properties variation with time becomes larger. Heat transfer coefficient rapidly decreases along the tube near the pseudocritical temperature at the tube wall for $P_R<1.2$. Stanton number variation with time is largely reduced in the region of gas-like phase in comparison with Nusselt number. Turbulent viscosity ratio close to the wall increases near the pseudocritical temperature and it gradually decreases with time.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.155-161
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• 1995

We examined the drying characteristics and the drying rate model equation of garlic(allium sativum L.) using computer aided convective drying. The drying chanacteristic curve of garlic divided into constant rate drying period and 2 stage of falling rate drying period. The drying rate was fairly affected by hot air temperatures during the total drying period, but air flow rates has nearly no effect on the drying rate except initial drying period. Of the several model equation, r2 values of page model equation was the highest, and the estimated drying profiles were comparatively coincided with the observed drying profiles. Page model equation was suitable to predict the drying rate and moisture content during drying of sliced garlic.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 2002

In this study, flow boiling experiments were performed using R-134a on a plain tube bundle. Tests were conducted for the following range of variables; quality from 0.1 to 0.9, mass flux from 8kg/$m^2$s to 26 kg/$m^2$s and heat flux from 10kW/$m^2$ to 40kW/$m^2$. The heat transfer coefficients were strongly dependent on the heat flux. However, they were almost independent on the mass flux or quality. The data are compared with the modified Chen model, which predicted satisfactorily ($\pm$30%) the data. The Original Chen model, however, did not adequately predict the effect of quality. The reason may be attributed to the flow pattern of the present test, where the bubbly flow prevailed for the entire test range. The heat transfer coefficients of the tube bundle were 6~40% higher than those of the single tube pool boiling.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1322-1329
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• 1994

The effect of thermal stratification on the stratified flow past a circular cylinder was examined in a wind tunnel. Turbulent intensities, the rms values of temperature and turbulent convective heat flux as well as the velocity and temperature profiles in the cylinder wake with a strong thermal gradient of $200^{\circ}C/m$ were measured by using a hot-wire and cold-wire combination probe. It is found that the temperature field affects as an active contaminant, so that the vertical growth of vortical structure is suppressed and the strouhal number decreases with increasing the extent of stratification. And also, the wake structure can not sustain their symmetricity about the wake centerline and vertical turbulent motion dissipates faster than that of the neutral case when such a strong thermal gradient is superimposed. It is evident that the turbulent mixing in the upper half section is stronger than that of the lower of the wake in a stably stratified flow because the turbulent intensities and convective heat flux in the upper half section are larger than those of the lower half of the wake.