• 디지털융복합연구
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.85-93
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 논쟁적인 광고 표현들에 대한 한중 소비자들의 인식을 조사하였다. 즉, 문제가 되는 광고유형들에 대하여 소비자들이 어떠한 윤리적 평가를 하고 있는가를 알아보았으며, 또한 한중 소비자들의 광고윤리지각 평가에 차이가 있는가를 확인하였다. 또한 이러한 한중 소비자들이 광고 유형에 대한 평가에서 소비주의촉진 인식과 관련성이 있는가를 분석해 보았다. 연구결과 첫째, 광고의 부정적 역할 측면에서 중국소비자의 긍정인식이 유의미하게 높게 나타났다. 반면 긍정적 역할 인식에서 한국소비자들의 인식이 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 어린이를 대상으로 하는 광고에 대해 한국소비자가 중국소비자에 비해 긍정응답이 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 성적소구 광고에 대해 중국의 소비자들이 한국소비자들에 비해 매우 관대하게 생각하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 담배광고에 대해 한국과 중국소비자 모두 담배광고에 대해 부정적인 윤리지각을 보였다. 다섯째, 불쾌한 광고에 대해 인종차별과 같은 광고게재 행위에 대해 양국 소비자 모두 매우 부정적인 의견을 보였으며, 에이즈 확산을 위해 콘돔광고 허용에 대해 양국 소비자 모두 긍정응답을 나타내 보였다. 본 연구결과는 중국에 진출하고 있는 한국기업의 경영자 및 광고대행사의 광고실무자에게 효과적인 메시지 수용전략을 세우는데 활용가능 할 것이다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.264-270
• /
• 2005

Breastfeeding has been known as the best feeding practice to prevent allergies including atopic dermatitis (AD) However, the benefit on the prevention of allergic disease is still controversial. The objectives of this study were to examine the rate of sensitization to the protein of eggs, cow's milk and soy in exclusively breastfed infants and to evaluate antigen-antibody reaction between breast milk and serum of AD infant. Data on feeding and food hypersensitivity were obtained for 62 AD infants (32 male, 30 female) aged < 6 month who had visited Samsung Medical Center from September 2001 to May 2003. Food hypersensitivity was determined by measuring specific IgE to egg, cow's milk and soy. Specific IgE levels > 0.7 kU/L by CAP assay (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden) were considered positive. The rates of sensitization in breastfed infants were $41.9\%$ (26/62) to egg, $30.6\%$ (19/62) to milk and $18.0\%$ (11/62) to soy. Immunoblotting analyses were performed using breast milk with the matched serum of seven AD infants (4 male/3 female). Binding patterns of AD infant's IgE to breast milk extract showed visible specific band for immunoglobulin, especially in case of a lactating mother who did not completely restricted ingestion of egg, milk and soy. These results indicate that sensitization to food allergen develops via breast milk feeding. Breast milk feeding should be recommended in infants at risk of developing allergic disease, but maternal intake of highly allergenic food might be restricted for prevention and treatment of food allergy among the babies with AD.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.324-332
• /
• 2012

백제 한성기의 왕성으로 알려진 풍납토성의 축조연대는 고고학 분야의 대표적인 논쟁사항 중 하나이다. 이 연구에서는 풍납토성의 축조연대 편년을 위해 7 개의 토기 시료에 대하여 OSL 연대측정을 수행하였다. 연대측정에 앞서 TL/OSL 신호 관찰 및 절대영년도 평가, 재현성 평가를 수행한 결과, 풍납토성 토기 시료는 절대영년이 완벽히 이루어졌으며 고고선량은 $220^{\circ}C$ 열전처리 온도의 단일시료재현법으로부터 신뢰도 높은 값이 산출되었다. 산출된 고고선량을 연간선량율로 나누어 풍납토성 토기 시료의 OSL 연대를 결정하였다. 풍납토성의 축조연대 편년을 위해 각 토기 시료의 OSL 연대와 고고학적 맥락, 14C 연대 등을 종합하여 판단한 결과, 풍납토성의 초축시점을 $294{\pm}52$ yrs AD ($1{\sigma}$ SE), 제 III 단계 증축을 $328{\pm}30$ yrs AD ($1{\sigma}$ SE), 최종성벽의 완성을 $400{\pm}76$ yrs AD ($1{\sigma}$ SE)로 비정하였다. 따라서 풍납토성은 서기 3세기 후반에 초축된 이후 475년 백제의 웅진천도 이전까지 여러 번의 중축 및 개축이 이루어졌음을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.215-233
• /
• 2007

Even though the ad hoc Shewhart methods remain controversial due to various mathematical flaws, there is little disagreement among researchers and practitioners when a set of process data has a skewness distribution. In the context and language of process control, the error related to the process data shows that time to signal increases when a control parameter shifts to a skewness direction. In real-world industrial settings, however, quality practitioners often need to consider a skewness distribution. To address this situation, we developed an enhanced design method to utilize advantages of the traditional attribute control chart and to overcome its associated shortcomings. The proposed design method minimizes bias, i.e., an average time to signal for the shift of process from the target value (ATS) curve, as well as it applies a variable sampling interval (VSI) method to an attribute control chart for detecting a process shift efficiently. The results of the factorial experiment obtained by various parameter circumstances show that the VSI c control chart using nearly unbiased ATS design provides the smallest decreasing rate in ATS among other charts for all experimental cases.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.1-25
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 조기사망 위험 감소를 위한 지불의사금액에 대한 양분선택형 조건부가치측정(CV) 자료를 이용하여, 자의적인 모수적 분포(즉, 정규분포, 로지스틱분포, 로그정규분포, 지수분포)를 가정하여 도출하는 지불의사금액 대푯값(즉, 평균 내지 중앙값)의 변동성을 비교 검토하였다. 이를 위해 특정 모수적 분포라는 제약을 갖지 않는 Turnbull 비모수적 추정방법(nonparametric estimation method)에 의한 결과를 함께 비교 검토하면, 정책의사결정에서는 인정되기 어려운 수준의 WTP 대푯값들의 변동성이 확인되었다. 한편 Turnbull 비모수적 추정방법에 의한 WTP의 대푯값은 기본적으로 자의적 모수적 분포 가정에 의한 일종의 오지정 편의를 회피할 수 있다. 또한 Turnbull 비모수적 추정방법으로는 단일양분선택형 CV 자료이든 이중양분선택형 CV 자료이든 거의 유사한 추정치를 도출하고, 모수적 분포를 가정한 추정방법으로는 통계적으로 유의한 추정치를 얻지 못하는 상황에서도 통계적으로 유의한 추정치를 얻을 수 있는 강건성(robustness)을 보여주었다. 그러므로 양분선택형 CV 자료에서 특정 모수적 분포의 적합성을 판단하기 어려운 상황에서 자의적 모수적 분포의 가정에서 도출한 WTP의 대푯값들이 상당한 변동성을 보인다면, Turnbull 비모수적 추정방법에 의한 WTP의 평균 추정치가 정책의사결정에서 논란의 여지를 회피할 수 있는 비자의적이고 강건한 추정치가 될 수 있음을 확인할 수 있다.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
• /
• 제33권46호
• /
• pp.290.1-290.11
• /
• 2018

Background: The role of antidepressants (ADs) in bipolar disorder is long-standing controversial issue in psychiatry. Many clinicians have used ADs as a treatment for bipolar depression, and the selection of therapeutic agents is very diverse and inconsistent. This study aimed to examine recent AD prescription patterns for patients with bipolar disorder in Korea, using the nationwide, population-based data. Methods: This study utilized the Korean nationwide, whole population-based registry data of the year 2010, 2011, and 2013. All prescription data of the ADs, antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers of the sampled patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (n = 2,022 [in 2010]; 2,038 [in 2011]; 2,626 [in 2013]) were analyzed for each year. Results: Annual prescription rate of ADs was 27.3%-33.6% in bipolar disorder, which was gradually increasing over the 3-year period. The combination pattern of ADs and antipsychotic drugs tended to increase over 3 years. The proportion of females and the prevalence of comorbid anxiety disorder were significantly higher in AD user group in all three years. Among individual ADs, escitalopram was prescribed most frequently, and fluoxetine and bupropion were prescribed to the next many patients. The mean duration of bipolar depressive episodes was 135.90-152.53 days, of which ADs were prescribed for 115.60-121.98 days. Conclusion: Our results show prescription rate of ADs in bipolar disorder was maintained at substantial level and increased in recent 3 years. More empirical data and evidence are needed to establish practical treatment consensuses.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제48권4호
• /
• pp.322-336
• /
• 2021

Objective: Endometriosis is a chronic debilitating inflammatory condition characterized by the presence of endometrial tissues outside the uterine cavity. Pelvic soreness and infertility are the usual association. Due to the poor effectiveness of the hormone therapy and the high incidence of recurrence following surgical excision, there is no single effective option for management of endometriosis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells studied for their broad immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory properties; however, their efficiency in endometriosis cases is still a controversial issue. Our study aim was to evaluate whether adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) could help with endometriosis through their studied anti-inflammatory role. Methods: Female Wistar rats weighting 180 to 250 g were randomly divided into two groups: group 1, endometriosis group; established by transplanting autologous uterine tissue into rats' peritoneal cavities and group 2, stem cell treated group; treated with AD-MSCs on the 5th day after induction of endometriosis. The proliferative activity of the endometriosis lesions was evaluated through Ki67 staining. Quantitative estimation of interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-10, and transforming growth factor β expression, as well as immunohistochemical detection of CD68 positive macrophages, were used to assess the inflammatory status. Results: The size and proliferative activity of endometriosis lesions were significantly reduced in the stem cell treated group. Stem cells efficiently mitigated endometriosis associated chronic inflammatory reactions estimated through reduction of CD68 positive macrophages and the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines. Conclusion: Stem cell therapy can be considered a novel remedy in endometriosis possibly through its anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보처리학회 2013년도 추계학술발표대회
• /
• pp.214-217
• /
• 2013

Advancements in automobile industries and the communication technologies caused VANET (Vehicular Ad Hoc NETwork) to evolve to VANET-based clouds before its deployment. It is more likely that VANET clouds will replace the traditional VANET in the deployment phase. It is to be noted that an abrupt deployment is out of question because it would require mass of resources and money to do so; instead incremental deployment is more ideal. In this paper, we aim at the incremental deployment phase of VANET clouds and focus on the well-established public transport networks. Data aggregation is one of the essential aspects in traditional VANET and has been researched for quite long time. However the previously proposed schemes are still controversial. Keeping in mind the time and space prediction of public buses, we leverage these buses as potential aggregators and MG (Mobile Gateways) in VANET clouds. Buses gather cooperative whereabouts information from neighbors, aggregate that information, disseminate it to the neighbor MGs and also send it to the cloud for storage and for services exchange. In our proposed scheme, we believe that the dissemination will be effective and cover most of the urban area since at any instant of time; buses cover most part of the urban areas. Besides, the effective transmission range is higher due to tall buses.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제50권9호
• /
• pp.912-918
• /
• 2007

목 적 : 산모의 알레르기 질환 병력 유무와 초유와 모유 간에 차이가 있는지 살펴보고, 또한 이들의 모유수유 기간에 따른 자녀의 알레르기 질환 발생 유무의 차이를 보고, 생후 2세까지 발생한 알레르기 질환과 모유 내의 면역학적 인자간의 연관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2002년 5월부터 2003년 2월까지 참여를 희망한 총 138명의 산모에서 알레르기 질환이 있는 산모 88명과 알레르기 질환이 없는 산모 50명으로 나누어 조사하였다. 생후 2일경 초유와 생후 4주경의 모유를 채취하여, 초유와 모유 내 IL-4, IL- 6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, RANTES, $TGF-{\beta}1$과 $TGF-{\beta}2$를 측정하였다. 이후 소아는 생후 2세까지 알레르기 질환의 발생에 대한 추적관찰을 하였으며, 초유와 모유 내의 사이토카인과의 연관성을 비교하였다. 결 과 : 알레르기 질환이 있는 산모 군에서 6개월 이상 모유 수유하는 경우가 34.4%(n=21)였고, 3개월 미만으로 수유한 경우가 55.6%(n=15)로 두군 간에 통계학적 차이는 보이지 않았다(P>0.05). 초유 내의 IL-8 농도만이(P=0.021) 알레르기 질환이 있는 산모에서 더 높게 측정되었다. 반면 초유 내의 $TGF-{\beta}1$와 $TGF-{\beta}2$ 농도는 알레르기 질환이 없는 산모에서 더 높게 측정되었다(P=0.013, P=0.001). 초유나 모유 내 사이토카인과 생후 2세까지 알레르기 질환이 발생한 소아 간에 통계학적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결 론 : 생후 2세까지 발생한 알레르기 질환과의 연관성 있는 사이토카인은 발견하지는 못했다. 알레르기 질환이 있는 산모와 알레르기 질환이 없는 산모 간에 차이를 보인 $TGF-{\beta}1$, $TGF-{\beta}2$와 IL-8이 알레르기 질환의 병인에 연관성 조사를 위해, 추후 이들에서 장기간 추적 관찰이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Strategy21
• /
• 통권37호
• /
• pp.144-176
• /
• 2015

In September 2013, President Park Geun-hye announced her controversial "Look North" policy, of which the most salient aspect is the "Eurasia Initiative". This comprises various proposals designed to overcome existing constraints by developing new markets and creating new economic partners in continental areas from which South Korea has been alienated since the end of World War II, and this dovetails nicely with China's One Belt, One Road Initiative. The concepts of the "Silk Road Rail Express (SRX)" and the "East Sea Rim Maritime Community (ESRMC)" have also been discussed. SRX is at present a purely symbolic railroad project intended to encourage individual, cultural, trade and diplomatic exchanges. ESRMC is a model for establishing an ad hoc community to promote regional economic cooperation around the East Sea. President Park's Eurasia Initiative will provide South Korean investment for the Northeast to complement Russian plans, like the "Northern Energy Road" being built by Gazprom, and Chinese plans, like the Chang-Ji-Tu Development Plan for the North Korean port of Rajin. China's trade, as well as its energy and food supplies, pass through the Strait of Malacca and the Indian Ocean, and are thus vulnerable to interdiction by India or the US. China is therefore trying to reduce its exposure geopolitical risk by establishing a network of corridors between the Belt and the Road to provide alternative paths. The "China-Pakistan Economic Corridor" and the "China-Myanmar Economic Corridor" provide such connections, and South Korea hopes that SRX and ESRMC can become part of a "China-South Korea Economic Corridor". This concept could do much to revitalize the underdeveloped northern provinces of China and Russia's Far East, not to mention North Korea. By linking up the Trans-Siberian Railway, the Trans-China Railway, the Trans-Mongolian Railway and the Trans-Korean Railway all these Asian countries will be connected to one another, and ultimately to Europe. An interim connection between China and South Korea using a rail-ferry has also been proposed.