• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.999-1004
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• 2005

An algorithm for a hybrid controller consists of a sliding mode control part and a fuzzy logic part which ar purposely for nonlinear systems. The sliding mode part of the solution is based on "eigenvalue/vector"-type controller is used as the backstepping approach for tracking errors. The fuzzy logic part is a Mamdani fuzzy model. This is designed by applying sliding mode control (SMC) method to the dynamic model. The main objective is to keep the update dynamics in a stable region by used SMC. After that the plant behavior is presented to train procedure of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS). ANFIS architecture is determined and the relevant formulation for the approach is given. Using the error (e) and rate of error (de), occur due to the difference between the desired output value (yd) and the actual output value (y) of the system. A dynamic adaptation law is proposed and proved the particularly chosen form of the adaptation strategy. Subsequently VSC creates a sliding mode in the plant behavior while the parameters of the controller are also in a sliding mode (stable trainer). This study considers the ANFIS structure with first order Sugeno model containing nine rules. Bell shaped membership functions with product inference rule are used at the fuzzification level. Finally the Mamdani fuzzy logic which is depends on adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems structure designed. At the transferable stage from ANFIS to Mamdani fuzzy model is adjusted for the membership function of the input value (e, de) and the actual output value (y) of the system could be changed to trapezoidal and triangular functions through tuning the parameters of the membership functions and rules base. These help adjust the contributions of both fuzzy control and variable structure control to the entire control value. The application example, control of a mass-damper system is considered. The simulation has been done using MATLAB. Three cases of the controller will be considered: for backstepping sliding-mode controller, for hybrid controller, and for adaptive backstepping sliding-mode controller. A numerical example is simulated to verify the performances of the proposed control strategy, and the simulation results show that the controller designed is more effective than the adaptive backstepping sliding mode controller.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2003

This Paper Proposes instantaneous following control method to control pulse modulation switching converter by using principle that reset time of integrator is inverse proportion in size of integrator input voltage. proposed control method acts of fixed frequency and control switch calculates time of become turn on and turn off using analog integrator. Duty ratio that express switching time of converter is depended on mean value of switching variable and following time consists in one cycle. Follow to do order exactly stationary state as well as transition state, and controller corrects mean value of control variable and control reference value and control as control error gets into zero. Proposed control method could experimented and know that experiment result and theory are agreeing well through this using the buck converter.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 2002

The present experiment was performed in order to know the therapeutic effect of laserpuncture and aquapuncture with methionine on recovery in artificially induced hepatic damaged rats by carbon tetrachloride. The animals were divided into control, laserpuncture and aquapuncture groups. The changes of serum enzyme activities(ALT and AST), serum total protein contents, protein fractions(ALB and GLB) and A/G ratio were examined before and after application of laserpuncture and aquapuncture. In change of serum ALT activity, recovery with treatment in laser and aquapuncture groups was more rapid than that of control. The significant decreased value was shown on 3rd(P < 0.05) and 7th day(P < 0.01) after treatment in laserpuncture group and on 7th day(P < 0.05) after treatment in aquapuncture group. In addition, significance was detected on 2nd day(P < 0.05) between laserpuncture and aquapuncture groups. In change of serum AST activity, recovery with treatment in laserpuncture and aquapuncture groups was more rapid than that of control. The significant lower values on 7th day(P<0.01) in aquapuncture groups. In addition, significant low value was detected on 7th day(P < 0.05) in aquapuncture group comparing with that of laserpuncture group. The change of serum TP contents showed similar pattern in control, laser and aquapuncture groups. The significances were detected on 7th day(P < 0.05) in both experimental groups. In addition, significant high value was detected on 2nd day(P < 0.05) in laserpuncture group comparing with that of aquapuncture group. The change of serum ALB content with treatment in laser and aquapuncture groups was more rapid than that of control. The significant high value was shown on 2nd(P < 0.01), 5th(P < 0.05) and on 7th day(P < 0.01) in laserpuncture group. In addition, significant high value was detected on 3rd day(P<0.01) only in aquapuncture group comparing with laserpuncture group. The change of serum GLB content showed similar pattern among groups. The significant low values were detected on 2nd day(P < 0.05) in aquapuncture group. In addition significant high value was detected on 5th day(P < 0.01) only in laserpuncture group comparing with that of aquapuncture group. In change of A/G ratio laser and aquapuncture groups showed higher values than that of control. The significant high values were detected on 1st day(P < 0.Of) and 2nd day(P < 0.05) in laserpuncture group, and on 1st day(P < 0.05) and 2nd day(P < 0.01) in aquapuncture group. In addition, significant high value was detected on 5th day(P < 0.05) in aquapuncture group comparing with that of laserpuncture. Considering above findings collectively, it was considered that both laserpuncture and aquapuncture were effective; aquapuncture was more effective than laserpuncture for recovery of hepatic damage.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.5-10
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• 2014

Since construction work is an indispensable part of daily lives, complaints of noise are unavoidable. Noise control in construction sites is normally known as a regulation by a government and self-motivated noise controls rarely occur. In this paper, a marketing strategy is proposed to provide a potential value of noise control for real estate developer. First, people's perception to construction noise was examined in means of collecting and analyzing media reports between 2005 to 2011. Then decibel test was done in order to test noise generated by different devices in a construction site in various distances. According to the theory of core competency, a conceptual model was raised to illustrate profit and loss situation of the real estate developers in the case they invest more in noise control. The construction noise is discussed that it will ruin people's perception to the company's brand image and reputation. Also, the investment in the creation of silent site is discussed that it will not only bring benefit to the brand image work but also have value of profit in the market.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.121-128
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• 2017

This study investigated the physicochemical, antioxidant activity, and sensory properties of yanggaeng (white bean jelly) prepared with various amounts of maca(Lepidium meyenii) powder. According to the results, $^{\circ}Brix$ value and pH of yanggaeng were decreased significantly by adding maca powder. Moisture contents of groups with 1% and 3% of maca powder were higher than that of control group. At the result of color measurement, L value of groups by the addition of maca powder was lower than that of control group, but b value of groups by the addition of Chinese artichoke powder was higher. Texture measurement score in terms of hardness, chewiness, and brittleness for yanggaeng was decreased significantly by the addition of maca powder. DPPH radical scavenging activity of groups by the addition of maca powder were higher than that of control group. NSA of groups with 7% of maca powder was higher than that of control group. As maca powder increased, antioxidant activity also became bigger. Sensory evaluation scores in terms of after swallowing, appearance, odor, taste, texture, and overall preference of groups with 3% and 5% of maca powder did show significant differences when compared to the control group. The results of this study suggested that addition of 5% maca powder was the best substitution ratio for yanggaeng.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.707-716
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• 2015

To evaluate the effects of cherry silverberry (Elaegnus multiflora) juice on sulgidduk, rice cakes were prepared using different quantities of cherry silverberry juice (0%, 33%, 66%, and 100%). The pH level of the control group was higher than that of other groups with cherry silverberry juice. The moisture content of the control group was higher than that of other groups with cherry silverberry juice. In terms of color, the L-value were significantly higher in the control group than in other groups, whereas the a-value and the b-value were significantly lower in the control group than in other groups (p<0.001). The hardness, springness, gumminess, and chewiness of the control group showed the lowest values. Preferences for the appearance, texture, flavor, and overall acceptability of sulgidduk with 66% and 100% cherry silverberry juice were higher than those for other groups. These results suggest that cherry silverberry juice can increase the acceptability of sulgidduk and that 66-100% cherry silverberry juice may be appropriate for making sulgidduk.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.359-366
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• 2022

In this study, the load fluctuation of the main engine is considered to be a disturbance for the jacket coolant temperature control system of the low-speed two-stroke main diesel engine on the ships. A nonlinear PID temperature control system with satisfactory disturbance rejection performance was designed by rapidly transmitting the load change value to the controller for following the reference set value. The feed-forwarded load fluctuation is considered the set points of the dual loop control system to be changed. Real-coded genetic algorithms were used as an optimization tool to tune the gains for the nonlinear PID controller. ITAE was used as an evaluation function for optimization. For the evaluation function, the engine jacket coolant outlet temperature was considered. As a result of simulating the proposed cascade nonlinear PID control system, it was confirmed that the disturbance caused by the load fluctuation was eliminated with satisfactory performance and that the changed set value was followed.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.307-311
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• 2003

2-mass system is generally used as controller of the variable-speed to transfer electromotion power to mechanical load such as industrial robot, driving parts of electric vehicle, rolling machine system of steel plant and driving parts of elevator. In this case, PI controller is often used as a velocity controller because of simplicity of system. But PI control algorithm is not enough for obtaining the control characteristics required for this system. To solve this problem, 2-mass system based on the PID controller derives the optimum PID parameters by pole assignment and estimation of the ITAE performance index. In this case, the system have tenacious properties about disturbance, but it causes extreme overshoot and vibration because of rapidly output of controller in early transient response about desired value. And if speed control system is applied by 2-DOF parameter ${\alpha}$, a temporary value, we must induce most suitable parameter by complicate pole assignment and estimation of the ITAE performance index whenever ${\alpha}$ changes. In this paper, to solve this problem we suggest control algorithm to followed exactly value of ${\alpha}$ as 2-DOF parameter by using fuzzy algorithm . So, intelligence algorithm modeled by human knowledge, experience, teachability and judgment follow exact ${\alpha}$ value and it can compose the efficient 2-DOF PID controller to improve following performance, overshoot decrease.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.95-104
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of red wine on the quality properties and sensory score of seasoned pork meat. Pork meat was treated with 25% water (control), 20% water and 5% red wine (RW5), 15% water and 10% red wine (RW10), or 10% water and 15% red wine (RW15). The moisture, crude protein, crude fat, $L^*$ value, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, and VBN content were not significantly different among the samples. Cooking yield, moisture retention, and fat retention were significantly higher in the RW5, RW10, and RW15 (p < 0.05) compared to those in the control. The $a^*$ value of RW5 was the highest among the samples, and the $b^*$ value increased significantly in the control and RW5 (p < 0.05). The hardness of the control was the highest among all samples (p < 0.05). The pH was significantly lower in RW5, RW10 and RW15 (p < 0.05) compared to that in the control. The TBARS value and total bacteria were significantly lower in RW5, RW10, and RW15 (p < 0.05) compared to those in the control. Adding red wine altered the fatty acid and free amino acid of cooked seasoned pork. These results suggest the possibility that red wine could be used an additive to improve the quality of cooked seasoned pork.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.245-266
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• 1984

As a fundamental study to increase the reproductive efficiency in cattle, highly motile sperm were separated and collected from raw semen, extended semen and frozen semen by different methods using various concentrations of bovine serum albumin or Tyrode's solution. Various characteristics and light microscopic and electron-microscopic morphology of sperm separated by different methods were compared. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The sperm separated from raw semen using bovine serum albumin showed significantly high value in motility, motile sperm count, percent of normal sperm and progressive motility, as compared with control sperm and revealed the highest sperm recovery rate when separated with 6% bovine serum albumin. 2. The sperm motility, percent of normal sperm and progressive motility of the highly motile sperm frozen after being separated from raw semen with bovine serum albumin, showed significantly high value than those of a control sperm and especially found the highest value when separated with 20% bovine serum albumin. 3. Light-microscopic percent of abnormality was significantly low in the prefrozen and postfrozen highly motile sperm separated with bovine serum albumin, as compared with control sperm. 4. Electron-microscopic finding of the highly motile sperm separated with bovine serum albumin showed low percent of deformity in the dilatation and vesiculation of cell membrane, in dilatation and density loss of acrosome than in those of control sperm. 5. It was impossible to separate the highly motile sperm from frozen semen with bovine serum albumin, but it was possible with Tyrode's solution. 6. Recovery rate of highly motile sperm from raw semen extended semen and frozen semen was the highest when the sperm pellet stood in Tyrde's solution for 80 minutes. 7. The highly motile sperm separated from raw semen, extended semen and frozen semen with Tyrode's solution showed significantly high value in motility, progressive motility and percent of normal sperm, as compared with control sperm. 8. Highly motile sperm, when separated from raw semen, extended semen and frozen semen with Tyrode's solution, showed significantly low percent of microscopic abnormality as compared with control sperm.