• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.98-113
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this study were two fold : first, to determine the effect of aerobic exercise on BP, pulse rate, body fat, body weight, symptoms of sterss response: and secondly, to apply the aerobic exercise on nursing practice in the healthy or ill subjects. In an attempt to investigate the physiological and psychological effect of exercise, a quasi -experiment, non-equivalent control group pre-test & post-test design was planned. Experiments were carried out from July 4, through August 30, 1994 with 37 subjects conveniently sampled from K & Y sports center located in Taejon. The 37 research subjects were assigned to experimental(16 subjects) and control(21 subjects) groups. Aerobic exercise was carried out for experimental group from three times to five times a week for 6 weeks in aerobic center. Data were analyzed with t-test, mean, per centage of change using SAS program. Results were obtained as follows: 1) Systolic blood pressure (M=123.75mmHg, % of change=1.12%) and diastolic blood pressure (M=74.38mmHg, % of change=5.79%) was increased on that of experimental group after 6 weeks experiment. But there was no significant difference between experimental group and control group. 2) Body weight was decreased on that of experimental group(M=56.54Kg, % of change=-1.60%) and that of control group(M=52.05, % of change=-0.99%) after 6 weeks. But there was no significant difference between experimental group and control group. 3) Body fat was decreased on that of experimental group(M=30.53%, % of change=-3.60%) and that of control group (M=28.75%, % of change=-3.52%) after 6 weeks. There was no significant difference between experimental group and control group. 4) Pulse rate was decreased on that of experimental group(M=69.19회/min, % of change -8.43%) and that of control group(M=76.0회/min, % change -0.07%) after 6weeks. There was significant difference(t=-2.621, P<0.05) between experimental group and control group. 5) Symptoms of stress response were decreased on that of experimental group(M=0.97) and that of control group(M=1.15) after 6 weeks. There was no significant difference between experimental group and control group. Therefore, adherence to aerobic exercise for 6 week seem to be affected mainly pulse rate of subjects. A futher study is necessary to determine the difference in the effect of variety exercise, programs, to study over 6 weeks, to produce professional educational program for exercise speciality nurses.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.893-907
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of regular exercise during dexamethasone injection on the body weight, weight of hindlimb muslces, myofibrillar protein content and glutamine synthetase activity. 180-200g female Wistar rats were divided into four groups : control, exercise, dexamethasone injection (dexa), and exercise during dexamethasone injection(D+E) group. The dexa group received daily subcutaneous injection of dexamethasone at a dose of 4mg/kg body weight for 7 days. The exercise group ran on a treadmill for 60min/day(20minutes every 4 hours) at 10m/min and a 10$^{\circ}$grade. The control group received daily subcutaneous injection of normal saline at a dose of 4mg/kg body weight for 7 days. The D+E group ran on a treadmill for 60min/day(20minutes every 4 hours) at 10m/min and a 10$^{\circ}$ grade during dexamethasone injection. Body weight of the control group increased significantly from days of experiment, that of the dexa group decreased significantly from day 4 of the experiment resulting in a 82.4% decrease compared to the first day of the experiment. Body weight of the D+E group decreased significantly from day 5 of experiment resulting in a 81.77% decrease comprared to the first day of the experiment. Body weights, muscle weight and myofibrillar protein content of the plantaris and gastrocnemius decreased significantly and muscle weight of the soleus tended to decrease with dexamethasone injection. Glutamine synthetase activity of the hindlimb muscles increased significantly with the dexamethasone injection. The relative weight of the soleus was comparable to the control group and that of plantaris decreased significantly and that of gastrocnemius tended to decrease compared to that of the control in the dexa group. Body weight and muscle weight of the plantaris and gastrocnemius of the excrcise group were comparable to the control group, and the muscle weight of soleus showed a tendencey to increase. The relative weight of the soleus increased significantly and that of the plantaris and gastrocnemius were comparable to the control in the exercise group. Myofibrillar protein content of the soleus and plantaris increased significantly and there was no change of GS activity of the hindlimb muscles compared to the control in the exercise group. Body weight of the D+E group was comparable to the dexa group, muscle weight of the plantaris increased significantly and that of the soleus and gastrocnemius showed a tendency to increase. The relative weight of the hindlimb muscles increased significantly. Myofibrillar protein content of the soleus and plantaris increased significantly and that of the gastrocnemius tended to increase compared to the dexa group. Body weight and muscle weight of the plantaris and gastrocnemius of the D+E group did not recover to that of the control group. Muscle weight of the soleus recovered to that of the control group. The relative weight and of myofibrillar protein content of the hindlimb muscles recovered to that of the control group. From these results, it is suggested that regular exercise during dexamethasone injection might attenuate the muscle atrophy of the hindlimb muscles.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.67-80
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify hindlimb muscle atrophy in stroke induced rat and determine the effect of endurance exercise on body weight, weight of hindlimb muscle during 7 days after stroke induction. Thirty four male Sprague-Dawley rats with 200-270g body weight were divided into four groups : control, control+exercise(Con+Ex), stroke, and exercise after stroke(St+Ex) group. The control group and Con+Ex group received sham operation and the stroke group and St+Ex group received right MCA occlusion operation by using silicon-coated probe. The Con+Ex and St+Ex groups ran on a treadmill for 20min/day at 10m/min and $10^{\circ}grade$. Daily body weight and diet intake were measured every morning for 7 days. Cerebral infarction of stroke and St+Ex groups were identified by staining with TCC for 30minutes. The data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test using the SPSSWIN 9.0 program. Body weight of the control group at the 7th day increased by 18.3% significantly from the first day of experiment, that of the stroke group at the 7th day decreased by 6.7% significantly compared to the day of receiving right MCA occlusion operation. Body weight of the Con+Ex group at the 7th day increased by 10.3% significantly form the first day of experiment, that of St+Ex group at the 7th day also increased by 13.4% significantly compared to the day of receiving right MCA occlusion operation. The total amount of diet in stroke group decreased significantly compared to that of St+Ex and that of control group. In stroke group the wet weight of both sides of soleus, plantaris, and gastrocnemius muscles decreased significantly compared to that of control group. The relative weight of affected(left) plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles decreased significantly compared to that of the control group. The difference between the weight of affected and unaffected soleus, plantaris, and gastrocnemius muscles were not significant in stroke group. The wet weight of right gastrocnemius muscles in Con+Ex group increased compared to that of control group. The relative weight of right gastrocnemius muscle increased significantly compared to that of the control group. The wet weight of St+Ex group increased significantly compared to that of the stroke group in both sides of soleus, plantaris, and gastrocnemius muscles. The relative weight of affected plantaris muscle increased significantly compared to that of the stroke group. The difference between the weight of affected and unaffected soleus, plantaris, and gastrocnemius muscles were not significant in St+Ex group. Body weight and wet weight of soleus, plantaris, and gastrocnemius muscles in the St+Ex group did not recover to the values of control group. Based on these results, it can be suggested that endurance exercise during acute stage of stroke can reduce muscle atrophy related to denervation, inactivity and undernutrition.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.51 no.1
• /
• pp.63-74
• /
• 2021

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of hyaluronic acid (HA) on peri-implant clinical variables and crevicular concentrations of the proinflammatory biomarkers interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in patients with peri-implantitis. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in peri-implantitis patients. Patients were randomized to receive a 0.8% HA gel (test group), an excipient-based gel (control group 1), or no gel (control group 2). Clinical periodontal variables and marginal bone loss after 0, 45, and 90 days of treatment were assessed. IL-1β and TNF-α levels in crevicular fluid were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays at baseline and after 45 days of treatment. Clustering analysis was performed, considering the possibility of multiple implants in a single patient. Results: Sixty-one patients with 100 dental implants were assigned to the test group, control group 1, or control group 2. Probing pocket depth (PPD) was significantly lower in the test group than in both control groups at 45 days (control 1: 95% CI, -1.66, -0.40 mm; control 2: 95% CI, -1.07, -0.01 mm) and 90 days (control 1: 95% CI, -1.72, -0.54 mm; control 2: 95% CI, -1.13, -0.15 mm). There was a trend towards less bleeding on probing in the test group than in control group 2 at 90 days (P=0.07). Implants with a PPD ≥5 mm showed higher levels of IL-1β in the control group 2 at 45 days than in the test group (P=0.04). Conclusions: This study demonstrates for the first time that the topical application of a HA gel in the peri-implant pocket and around implants with peri-implantitis may reduce inflammation and crevicular fluid IL-1β levels.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.97-106
• /
• 1983

A reserch scale of 48 items selected from MMPI by McCall et al. was used to compare psychologic aspects of 80 patients with MPDS to control I subjects and control II subjects. For this, study subjects were selected 80 patients of MPDS who visited the Dept. of Dentistry. K.N.U.H., from December in 1982 to September in 1983. Control I subjects were selected 80 outpatients without MPDS who required dental treatment from December in 1982 to September in 1983. And control II subjects were selected 80 persons without MPDS who required no dental treatment and lived in Taegu. The results were as follow : In study subjects,somatic gruop and behavioral group are markedly high than control (I,II)subjects. In somatic group and behavioral group, there was no significant differencd between control I subjects and control II subjects. In somatics group and begavioral group, there was no significant difference between male and female in each subjects: In study subject, general nature somatic category was higher than head, neck, throat and GIT somatic category.(P<0.05) In study subjects, somatic group and behavioral group gradually increased according to increase in number of MPDS symptom.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• v.15 no.12
• /
• pp.1664-1675
• /
• 2001

In this paper, the development of a new group controller for high-speed elevators is described utilizing the approach of adaptive dual fuzzy logic. Some goals of the control are to minimize the waiting time, mean-waiting time and long-waiting time in a building. When a new hall call is generated, all adaptive dual fuzzy controller evaluates the traffic patterns and changes the membership function of a fuzzy rule base appropriately. A control algorithm is essential to control the cooperation of multiple elevators in a group and the most critical control function in the group controller is an effective and proper hall call assignment of the elevators. The group elevator system utilizing adaptive dual fuzzy control clearly performs more effectively than previous group controllers.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.221-230
• /
• 1992

In order to investigate the effects of shipjuntaepotang (少陰人 十全大補湯) on immune response, the author performed this experimental study. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and rosette forming cells (RFC) for cell-mediated immune response, hemagglutinin (HA) titers, hemolysin (HL) titers, and carbon clearance for phagocytic function of MPS (mononuclear phagocyte system) were measured in ICR mice. The results were summarized as follows. 1. DTH in the experimental group was increased, as compared with the control group, with statistical significance. 2. RFC in the experimental group was increased, as compared with the control group, with statistical significance. 3. HA-titers were increased in the experimental group, as compared with the control group, with statistical significance. 4. HL-titers were increased in the experimental group, as compared with the control group, with statistical significance. 5. Carbon clearance was increased in the experimental group, as compared with the control group, with statistical significance. Through invivo experimental study in ICR mice, these findings suggest that shipjuntaepo-tang enhance both cellmediated and humoral immune responce.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
• /
• v.5
• /
• pp.53-77
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of Sayeuksan on serum reaction in $CCl^4$ treated rats. In this study the experimental rats divided four group (Control group, $CCl^4$ group, sayeuksan group, and shiho, kamcho group) Under the same condition control group were administered water, sample group were administered Sayeuksan for 8days. and then, both $CCl_4$ group and sample group were injeccted to abdomen with $CCl_4$ for 1days. The change of GOT GPT ${\gamma}$-GTP ALP LDH activity in blood serum. The obtained results are summarised as follows : 1. In the change of GOT GPT contents, as compared with control group sample group was significantly decreased. 2. In the change of ${\gamma}$-GTP contents as compared with control group, sample group was significantly decreased. 3. In the change of ALP contents, as compared with control group, sample group was significantly decreased. 4. In the change of LDH contents, as compared with contol group, sample group was significantly decreased.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.61-81
• /
• 2004

Background and Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acupuncture and electroacupuncture on the DCX, PSA-NCAM, and pCREB expression in the brain of spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR). Materials and Methods : SHR were divided into five groups: control group, acupuncture group, 2Hz electroacupuncture(EA) group and 100Hz EA group. We evaluated the changes of the DCX, PSA-NCAM, and pCREB positive cells using immunohistochemical method. In the olfactory bulb, we investigate the optical densities of the immunoactive cells. In the dentate gyrus and the piriform cortex, we count the immunoactive cells under the $100{\times}$ visual field optical microscope. Results : 1. The optical densities of DCX-positive cells in the subependymal zone were significantly decreased in all groups, compared to the control group. 2. The counts of DCX-positive cells in the dentate gyrus were significantly increased in all groups, compared to the control group. The counts of DCX-positive cells in the piriform cortex were significantly increased in the acupuncture and 100Hz EA group, compared to the control group. 3. The optical densities of PSA-NCAM-positive cells in the subependymal zone were significantly decreased in the acupuncture and 2Hz EA group, compared to the control group. 4. The counts of PSA-NCAM-positive cells in the dentate gyrus and the piriform cortex were significantly increased in all group, compared to the control group. 5. The counts of pCREB-positive cells in the dentate gyrus were significantly increased in all groups, compared to the control group. The counts of pCREB-positive cells in the piriform cortex were significantly increased in the acupuncture and 100Hz EA group, compared to the control group. Conclusion : We conclude that acupuncture and EA may affect neuronal cell proliferation, differentiation and plasticity in the brain.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 2006

Objectives : This study was aimed at investigating liver protection mechanism of Moschus by inducing liver toxicity through $CCl_4$ in mice and evaluated histological and serological findings. Methods : Experiment groups was categorized into untreated normal group, $CCl_4$ treated control group, and orally administered Moschus experiment group. At the termination of experiment, gross examination of the liver as well as histological findings, and Total protein, Total bilirubin, Direct bilirubin SGOT, SGPT, and ALP contents in the serum were evaluated. Results : 1. For gross examination and histological findings, $CCl_4$ treated control group showed destroyed lobular structure, increased fibrosis, as well as hepatic cirrhosis. For the group treated with Moschus, the lobular structure suffered less damage, and showed lower level of fibrosis and liver cirrhosis compared to the control group. 2. For serum analysis, Total protein were significantly increased in the Moschus experiment group than the control group. 3. Total bilirubin didn't show significant differences between the two groups. but direct bilirubin was significantly increased in the Moschus experiment group than the control group. 4. SGOT, SGPT, were significantly decreased in the normal and Moschus experiment groups compared to the control group. 5. ALP was significantly decreased in the normal group compared to the control group, but Moschus experiment group didn't show significant differences compared to the control group. Conclusion : Taken together, Moschus can be effectively used for recovering the liver functions and further researches must be conducted to verify the efficacies of Moschus bile juice.