• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.412-417
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of this device during clinically important episodes of extravasation. The extravasation detection accessory (EDA) system was based of infrared ray with detection sensor, an amplifier, alarm device, receiver, cable and a computer based system. This study was a prospective, observational study in which the EDA system was used to monitor the automated mechanical injection of contrast media. Three hundred patients referred for contrast media enhanced body computed tomography studied in a prospective, observation study in which the EDA system was used to identify and interrupt any injection associated with clinically important extravasation. There were 8 true-positive cases, 276 true-negative cases, 15 false-positive cases and 1 false-negative cases. The EDA system had a sensitivity of 88.8% and a specificity of 94.8% for the detection of clinically important extravasation. The EDA system had good sensitivity for the detection of clinically important extravasation and the EDA system has the clinical potential for the early detection of extravasation of the contrast medium that is administered with power injectors.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.239-245
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• 2021

Since the side effects of contrast agents occur in many ways, hospitals must clearly identify the contrast agents and know how to manage them. Storage of contrast media It is common practice to store contrast media in a warm room to reduce viscosity and improve patient comfort. However, it is important to recognize that long-term storage at high temperatures can shorten the shelf life of a product. Therefore, in this study, the presence or absence of chemical changes according to the storage period after using the contrast medium was analyzed. As the analysis equipment, a 500 MHz Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer of Bruker Avance (Germany) possessed by Korea Basic Science Institute (KOREA BASIC SCIENCE INSTITUTE; KBSI) was used. For the X-ray iodide contrast medium, Pamiray contrast medium of Iopamidol and Optiray contrast medium of Ioversol, samples remaining after 7 days, 20 days, 30 days, and 1 year were collected, By acquiring the spectrum from the 1H-NMR spectrometer of the contrast medium stimulated by It was compared and analyzed with the standard sample. In conclusion, depending on the storage period of the contrast medium, no peaks of physical and chemical changes were observed in both the Pamiray contrast medium of Iopamidol and the Optiray contrast medium of Ioversol after 7 days, 20 days, 30 days, and 1 year after use.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.305-311
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• 2007

Contrast medium is a useful drug for radiological examinations and usability of it gradually increases while it has some inevitable adverse reaction and it is difficult to predict the occurrence and the degree of adverse reactions. Although the patient consented permission for the use of contrast media, the hospital could not be exempted from the responsibility for the adverse contrast media reaction. During radiological contrast media examination, the radiologist and the contrast media producer have the duty of precaution, prediction and avoid adverse results. In addition, they have reliabi lity of patient remedy for neglecting the duty. Since contrast medium are manufactured or processed as movable properties, the manufacturers are bound to the product liability if damages occur due to the defects in pharmaceuticals. In consideration of the characteristics of product liability, it is necessary to demand high degree of duty of care and diligence from producer or to reduce patient's burden of proof in a product liability lawsuit. For securing compensation ability and liability implementation, products compensation liability insurance is required for contrast medium manufacturers. In conclusion, contrast medium producer has legal liability for adverse reactions and the contract concluded with producer and hospital including legal liability will reduce liability of hospital and radiologist, patient.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.133-156
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• 2007

The wide spread of the Internet and personal computers does not only alter the form of content from analog to digital, but also lead to the emergence of a new digital media system that is different from analog media system. The digital media system is a convergent media that includes both public and private systems from the perspective of use-limitation, as well as storage and enjoyment systems from the perspective of use-purpose. The major goal of this research is to suggest and empirically verify an effective way of presenting the perception of places that are converged in the digital media system. Involvement and motivation are suggested as key conceptual factors and color contrast and hue are suggested as concrete design factors to make people perceive corresponding places. Results of our controlled experiment indicated that the color contrast and hue significantly affected the perception of place, and consequently, influenced usability of the digital media system. This paper ends with implications that can be used to construct appropriate perception of places for the media system of digital products.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.886-888
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• 2009

We fabricated flexible electronic paper display(EPD) by using toner particles on plastic (PC) substrate. We observed the relationship between contrast ratio and changes of rib structures. One is a fabrication of ribs on bottom substrate. The display with ribs on bottom substrate had higher contrast ratio about 46% than display with ribs on top substrate. The other is a change of density of rib. The less density of ribs fabricated, the higher the contrast ratio become.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.261-266
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• 2015

Intravenous urography (IVU) for urolithiasis is a radiologic examination to diagnosis stone in the ureter path using iodine contrast media, which is radioopacity material. The method includes compression on the upper iliac crest. The compression band prevents outlet of the contrast media through the bladder and enables easier movement to upper urinary tract. This usage depends on the policy of a hospital. Therefore, this study aimed to review and compare the characteristic of progress of contrast media either in compression and non-compression. The retrospective image measurement on 60 cases of intravenous pyelography was conducted at a hospital with the identical type and amount of contrast media as well as criteria for testing. Image measurement was limited to 5 minutes clip, which is optimal for progress of contrast media depending on usage of the compression band. Also, anatomical regions were set as following: "RP" is from renal pyramid to renal pelvis, "PL" is from renal pelvis to lumbar three endplate, and "IU" and "IL" for upper and lower parts from both iliac crests. Analysis has been conducted through the statistical method based on Fisher's Exact Test to find if there are differences of distribution with the anatomical regions with compression or no compression. It has been confirmed that there is no statistical significant difference as the video measurement on 30 cases of compression and non-compression group respectively resulted in P value of 0.580 from left and 0.711 from right (both 0.960). Therefore, it has been concluded that application of a compression band on an intravenous pyelography for urolithiasis patient does not meaningfully affect the progress of contrast media.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to develop a critical pathway (CP) for the prevention of adverse reactions to contrast media for computed tomography. The CP was developed and implemented by a multidisciplinary group in Seoul National University Hospital. The CP was applied to CT patients. Patients who underwent CT scanning were included in the CP group from March in 2004. The satisfaction of the patients with CP was compared with non-CP groups. We also investigated the degree of satisfaction among the radiological technologists and nurses. The degree of patient satisfaction with the care process increased patient information(24%), prevention of adverse reactions to contrast media(19%), pre-cognitive effect of adverse reactions to contrast media(39%) and information degree of adverse reactions to contrast media(19%). This CP program can be used as one of the patient care tools for reducing the adverse reactions to contrast media and increasing the efficiency of care process in CT examination settings.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.246-251
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to evaluate SUV (standard uptake value) using different reconstruction methods in whole body PET/CT Imaging. PET/CT studies were peformed with and without correction for effect of contrast media. The patients data were acquired using GE DSTe commercial PET/CT system. The liver disease (hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC) and renal disease (renal ceil carcinoma, RCC) patients were selected for this study, The PET/CT data were reconstructed using post CT scan with and without correction for effect of contrast media. We selected ROIs (region of Interest) at the same location and same area for the same patient to compare SUVs in these two methods. For HCC and RCC, the average differences of SUVs were measured as $1.5{\pm}1.2%\;and\;1.0{\pm}0.9%$, respectively. For HCC and RCC, the maximum differences of SUVs were measured as 4.3% and 1.9%, respectively. We observed that SUVs without correction for effect of contrast media were higher than SUVs with correction for effect of contrast media. However the differences of SUVs were very minimal. These results may be limited to HCC and RCC and further studies will be Heeded for other organs or diseases to see any changes in SUV with and without correction for effect of contrast media.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.181-186
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• 2006

Background: Although cervical epidural block can be a useful therapeutic treatment for head, neck and upper extremities pain, there is no consensus regarding the volume of injection required for pain management. Herein, the spreading in the vertebral segments after a cervical epidural injection of either a 5 or 10 ml volume was studied. Methods: A total of 78 patients, suffering from head, neck and upper extremity pain, were selected. Cervical epidural blocks were performed consecutively with 5 ml (n = 42) and 10 ml (n = 36) of 0.4% mepivacaine and 222 mg I/ml iopamidol at the C7⁣-T1 levels. Both anteroposterior (AP) and lateral radiographs were obtained under fluoroscopy, and the upper and lower epidural spreading of the contrast media in relation to the vertebral level was evaluated. Results: The cervical epidural blocks were performed without complications. The rostral spreading of the contrast media in the vertebral segments in groups 1 and 2 were $5.6{\pm}1.1$ and $6.1{\pm}1.1$, respectively. The caudal spreading of the contrast media in the vertebral segments in groups 1 and 2 were $5.4{\pm}3.4$ and $7.2{\pm}3.9$, respectively. The total numbers of segments with vertebral spreading of the contrast media in both directions showed significant differences between the two groups. The numbers of patients who showed spreading of the contrast media up to C2 vertebral segment showed no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusions: 5 and 10 ml epidural injection volumes may be adequate for the spread of contrast media to the entire cervical spine. A 5 ml epidural injection volume, compared to a 10 ml volume, may be ample when considering the possibility of unnecessary caudal spreading of drugs and volume related complications in the management of head, neck and upper extremity pain.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 1990

50 submandibular glands of rabbits were examined historadiologically after infusion with normal and over volumes of physiologic saline and 5 radiographic contrast media. The results were as follows: 1. All water soluble contrast media showed similar radiographic contrasts and absorbed about 5 minutes after infusion except Telebrix 30 which took 30 minutes in both normal and overfilled glands. 2. Lipid soluble medium, Lipiodol UF had excellent radiographic contrast and could be seen on the radiograms even after 24 hours after infusion. 3. Salivary glands infused with physiologic saline didn't show any histologic changes except slight duct dilation right after infusion. 4. Telebrix 30 caused mild to moderate duct dilation and inflammation at immediate & 24 hours after infusion which was more severe in overfilled glands. At 7 days after infusion, there were mild to moderate fibrosis of the gland and areas of necrosis was seen in overfilled glands. 5. Hypaque 60% showed similar histologic reactions to Telebrix 30 except more severe tissue destruction at 7 days after infusion. 6. Urografin 60% showed mildest histologic changes among the media used in the study. 7. Biliscopin had mild duct dilation which returned to normal after 7 days but there were moderate inflammation and tissue necrosis at that time. 8. Lipiodol UF showed severe duct dilation with numerous vacuoles and there were tissue fibrosis at 7 days after infusion but no tissue necrosis was seen.