• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.49-54
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• 1996

The purposes of this study were to measure skin temperature and blood flow on the contralateral upper extremity when heat is applied to one upper extremity, were to compare the effect of contrast bath. The subjects were 38 healthy adults with no history of peripheral vascular disease. The subjects of contrast bath were 18 persons and the subjects of warm bath were 20 persons. The subjects of one group were seated with their right arm in water($42^{\circ}C$) up to the mid-forearm. The subjects of the other group were seated with their right arm up to the mid-forearm in water which was changed from warm to cold using the contrast bath technique. The continually changing temperatures and blood flow were measured by an independent observer at intervals of 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes respectively after the start of the procedure. The results were as follows. The temperature of the warm bath group rose 4.28% over the pre-experimental temperatures and the temperature of the contrast bath group rose 3.41%. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. The blood flow of the warm bath group rose 8.31% over the pre-experimental blood flow and the blood flow of the contrast bath group rose 17.24%. There was a statistically significant between the two groups 20 minutes after the start of the procedure. Thus the contrast bath is a more effective method than the warm bath to increase blood flow.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of contralateral hip adduction (CHA) on thickness of lumbar stabilizers during hip abduction in side-lying. Twenty healthy subjects without back pain were recruited for this study. The thickness of transverse abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO) and quadratus lumborum (QL) were measured by ultrasonography. Pelvic lateral tilting motion was measured using a three-dimensional motion analysis system. Measurements were performed at rest position (RP), $35^{\circ}$preferred hip abduction (PHA) and $35^{\circ}$abduction with $10^{\circ}$contralateral hip adduction (CHA) in side-lying at the end of expiration. During the measurements, subjects were asked to maintain steady trunk alignment without hand support. Thickness of TrA and IO was significantly greater in CHA than in PHA and RP conditions. There was no significant difference in thickness of TrA and IO between PHA and RP conditions. Medio-lateral (M-L) thickness of QL was not significant between PHA and CHA conditions. Anterio-posterior (A-P) thickness of QL in PHA and CHA significantly decreased compared to RP condition. Angle of pelvic lateral tilting was significantly decreased in CHA compared to PHA condition. In conclusion, CHA can be recommended for increasing trunk stability without compensatory pelvic motion during hip abduction exercise in side-lying.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.16-21
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of contralateral hip adduction (CHA) on the muscle activity of lumbar stabilizers and the angle of pelvic lateral tilting during hip abduction in side lying. Twenty healthy male subjects with no medical history of lower extremity or lumbar spine disorders were recruited for the study. Subjects randomly performed preferred hip abduction (PHA) and hip abduction with contralateral hip adduction in side lying. The muscle activities of the dominant side rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, quadratus lumborum, gluteus medius, and non-dominant side hip adductor longus were measured during PHA and CHA by using a surface electromyography (EMG) system. Pelvic lateral tilting motion was measured by using a three-dimensional motion analysis system. Data on EMG and pelvic motion were collected at the same time during PHA and CHA. A paired t-test was used to compare EMG activity and the angle of pelvic lateral tilting in the two exercises. The study found that the EMG activities of all muscles were more increased significantly in CHA than PHA condition. The angle of pelvic lateral tilting was more decreased significantly in CHA than PHA condition. These findings suggest that CHA could be recommended as a hip abduction exercise for activating lumbar stabilizers and decreasing compensatory pelvic lateral tilting motion.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2022

Background: Bird dog exercise (BDE) is one of the lumbar stabilization exercises that rehabilitate low back pain by co-contraction of the local and global muscles. Previous studies have reported the effect of various type of BDEs (for example, practicing the exercises on various surfaces and changing the limb movement) for muscle co-contraction. Objects: This study aimed to investigate the effect of knee joint flexion position of the raised lower limb on abdominal and back muscle activity during BDE in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Methods: Thirteen males participated in this study (age: 32.54 ± 4.48 years, height: 177.38 ± 7.17 cm). Surface electromyographic (SEMG) data of the internal abdominal oblique (IO), external abdominal oblique (EO), lumbar multifidus (MF), and thoracic part of the iliocostalis lumborum (ICLT) were collected in two knee joint flexion positions (90° flexion versus 0° flexion) during BDE. The SEMG data were expressed as a percentage of root mean square mean values obtained in the maximal voluntary isometric contraction. Results: Greater muscle activity of the IO (p = 0.001), MF (p = 0.009), and ICLT (p = 0.021) of the raised lower limb side and the EO (p = 0.001) and MF (p = 0.009) of the contralateral side were demonstrated in the knee joint flexion position compared to the knee joint extension position. Greater local/global activity ratios of the abdominal muscle (i.e., IO and EO) of the raised lower limb (p = 0.002) and the back muscle (i.e., MF and ICLT) of the contralateral side (p = 0.028) were also noted in the knee joint flexion position. Conclusion: BDE with a knee joint flexion position might be recommended as an alternative lumbar stabilization exercise to enhance muscle activity in both the raised lower limb and the contralateral sides of the trunk for individuals with CLBP.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.83-87
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• 2003

Background and Objectives : Sphincteric function of the larynx, essential to lower airway protection, is most efficiently achieved through strong reflex adduction by both vocal cords. We hypothesize that central facilitation is an essential component of a bilateral adductor reflex and that its disturbance could result in weakened sphincteric closure. Materials and Method : Seven adult 20kg dogs underwent evoked response laryngeal electromyoraphy under 0.5 to 1.0 MAC isoflurane anesthesia. The internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve was stimulated through bipolar platinum-iridium electrodes and recording electrodes were positioned in the ipsilateral and contralateral thyroaryteonoid muscles. Results : Consistent threshold responses were obtained ipsilaterally under all anesthetic levels. However, contralateral reflex responses disappeared as anesthetic levels approached 1.0 MAC. Additionally, at 0.5 MAC, late responses (R2) were detected in one animal. Conclusion : Alteration of central facilitation by deepening anesthesia abolishes the crossed adductor reflex, predisposing to a weakened glottic closure response. Precise understanding of this effect may improve the prevention of aspiration in patients emerging from prolonged sedation or under heavy psychotropic control.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.160-164
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• 1990

Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus comprises 7% of all herpes zoster infection, 50% of those involving eyeballs, and is one disease entitiy with a very grave prognosis. We have experienced a 68-year-old man who visited the emergency room complaining of severe pain in his eye and headache with loss of vision. He was seen by neurosurgeons, dermatologists and ophthalmologists, and finally sent to the pain clinic for control of pain under the diagnosis of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. In spite of zealous treatment efforts, loss of vision, pain and infectious condition did not recover; and furthermore, due to severe infection, he had his eyeball extracted 100 days after the onset of diseases. 140 days after onset, contralateral hemiplegia accompanied the disease process. We present an unusual case of herpes zoster ophthalmicus with no treatment effect.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.162-164
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• 2008

Post-clipping intraparenchymal hemorrhage of the contralateral hemisphere is a very unusual phenomenon in a patient with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, unless there is an underlying condition. We report a complicated case of 47-year-old man, who underwent uneventful clipping of ruptured aneurysm and experienced vasospasm two weeks later. Vasospasm was treated by intra-arterial nimodipine and systemic hyperdynamic therapy. One week thereafter, he became unconscious due to intraparenchymal hemorrhage on the anterior border-zone of contalateral hemisphere, but intraoperative and pathologic findings failed to disclose any vascular anomaly. We suggest that the anti-spastic regimens cause local hemodynamic redistribution through the vasodilatory effect and in turn, resulted in such an unexpected bleeding.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.51-62
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• 2006

Purpose : The purposes of this study were to test the effect of proprioceptive and vestibular sensory input on expression of BDNF after traumatic brain injury in the rat. Subject : The control group was sacrificed at 24 hours after traumatic brain injury. The experimental group I was housed in standard cage for 7 days. The experimental group II was housed in standard cage after intervention to proprioceptive and vestibular sensory(balance training) for 7 days. Method : Traumatic brain injury was induced by weight drop model and after operation they were housed in individual standard cages for 24 hours. After 7th day, rats were sacrificed and cryostat coronal sections were processed individual1y in goat polyclonal anti-BDNF antibody. The morphologic characteristics and the BDNF expression were investigated in injured hemisphere section and contralateral brain section from immunohistochemistry using light microscope. Result : The results of this experiment were as follows: 1. In control group, cell bodies in lateral nucleus of cerebellum, superior vestibular nucleus, purkinje cell layer of cerebellum and pontine nucleus changed morphologically. 2. The expression of BDNF in contralateral hemisphere of group II were revealed. 3. On 7th day after operation, immunohistochemical response of BDNF in lateral nucleus, superior vestibular nucleus, purkinje cell layer and pontine nucleus appeared in group II. Conclusion : The present results revealed that intervention to proprioceptive and vestibular sensory input is enhance expression of BDNF and it is useful in neuronal reorganization improvement after traumatic brain injury.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of arm flexion patterns of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on muscle activation in the contralateral lower extremity. Open kinematic chain and closed kinematic chain positions were used. Methods: This study used an electromyogram (MP150, Biopac Systems, USA) to measure muscle activation in 20 healthy male students. Comparative analysis was completed on muscle activation of the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius of the contralateral lower extremity. Open kinematic chain and closed kinematic chain positions were used with a unilateral arm flexion-abduction-external rotation pattern. Paired t-tests using the SPSS 12.0 for Windows analyzed the data produced by the electromyogram. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in muscle activation in the biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior when the open kinematic chain and closed kinematic chain positions were compared (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior muscles showed greater muscle activation in the closed kinematic chain position when compared to the open kinematic chain position.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 1996

The present study was aimed to investigate the role of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) in the control of renin release and to examine if NO is implicated in the development of two-kidney, one clip (2K1C) hypertension. Male Sprague-Dawley rats $(150{\sim}200\; g)$ were constricted at the left renal artery. They were then supplemented with $N^{G}-nitro-L-arginine\;methyl\;ester\;(L-NAME,\; 5mg/100\;mL)$ or with L-arginine hydrochloride (400 mg/100 mL) in the drinking water. The control group was supplied with normal tap water. The sham-clipped rats were operated as in 2K1C rats except for that no clip was made. The kidneys were taken to examine in vitro release of renin at days 7 and 14 following clipping the renal artery. Northern blot analysis was also done to assess the expression of renin gene in the kidney. In sham-clipped rats, L-NAME caused a sustained increase of the blood pressure, whereas L-arginine was without effect. Neither L-NAME nor L-arginine-supplementation significantly affected the development of hypertension in 2K1C rats. Plasma renin concentration (PRC) measured on day 28 did not significantly differ among the L-NAME, L-arginine and control groups either in 2K1C or in sham-clipped rats. Renin contents (RRC) in the clipped kidney were increased, while those in the contralateral kidney were decreased. The release of renin in vitro from cortical slices was also enhanced in the clipped kidney, whereas it was attenuated in the contralateral. Comparing the RRC and in vitro release, the latter was more rapidly decreased than the former in the contralateral kidney. The renin mRNA levels in the contralateral kidney were almost at their nadir at days 7 and 14 in 2K1C rats. It is suggested that NO does not affect the development of 2K1C hypertension in which the renin-angiotensin system has been activated. The data also confirm that RRC and renin gene expression are increased in the clipped kidney and suppressed in the contralateral kidney in 2K1C rats.