• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.391-402
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• 2022

With the number of social overhead capital(SOC) projects that introduce private capital on the rise, overseas construction global companies today need to establish and advance their overseas order strategies. In this context, the purpose of this study is to develop the public private partnership(PPP) capacity evaluation model for developing countries and use it for domestic overseas construction companies to establish strategies for overseas expansion. The PPP competency evaluation model analyzes the importance of PPP competency evaluation items and infrastructure environment competency evaluation items through a review of previous studies and an interview survey with overseas construction experts. Through the above analysis results and expert surveys, problems that may occur when overseas construction companies enter the PPP market were derived, and improvement measures were proposed. Countries with a high probability of overseas construction companies entering the PPP market were determined to be those that have a mature PPP system, low risk in construction, and a good entry environment with a high infrastructure market size and growth rate. In addition, a lack of PPP investment experience, the absence of information on the infrastructure environment, and a shortage of PPP experts were identified as problems when entering the overseas construction PPP market. As an improvement measure, it was suggested to enter in cooperation with domestic and foreign companies. In addition, a plan was proposed to develop a curriculum to secure experts in areas such as PPP finance and contracts and to provide PPP information for each country. These findings are expected to contribute to overseas construction companies proposing strategies for entering the overseas construction market and using them for overseas expansion strategies and policy establishment.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.23-44
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• 2023

The word library(図書館) is a Japanese translation of the Western library or Bibliothek in the mid-Meiji period. This word has been accepted in Chinese(图书馆), Taiwan(圖書館), Korea(도서관), and Vietnam(Dđồ thư quán), which are Chinese-speaking countries. If so, when and who first introduced the term library to Japan and China? In Japan, the enlightenment thinker Fukuzawa's 『Seiyo Jijo, 1866』 is regarded as the first document to introduce the Western library, and in China, the article published in 『Qing Yi Bao, 1896』 by the reformed thinker Liang Qichao referred to as the first example. Therefore, this study traced and demonstrated the time and person in which the word library appeared, focusing on modern dictionaries, books, translations, papers, and newspaper articles that were introduced in both countries. As a result, the theory of the introduction to Fukuzawa in 1866 is wrong because Western libraries are described in various terms in many diaries and dictionaries, including Motoki's 『An English Japanese Dictionary of the Spoken Language, 1814』. Also, in China, the theory of introduction of Liang Qichao in 1896 is not true because the term library first appeared in Ryu Jeong-dam's 『A Dictionary of Loan Words and Hybrid Words in Chinese, 1884』. In the same context, it is necessary to trace and argue the history of the first use of the term library in Korea and the name of the first library in Korea established by the Busan Branch of the Japan Hongdo Association in 1901.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.133-142
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• 2023

National parks are one of the important types of protected area management systems established by IUCN and a management model for implementing effective conservation and sustainable use of natural and cultural heritage in countries around the world, and they assume important roles in conservation, scientific research, education, recreation and driving community development. In the context of big data, this study takes China's Liaohe National Park, a typical representative of global coastal wetlands, as a case study, and using Python technology to collect tourists' travelogues and reviews from major OTA websites in China as a source. The text spans from 2015 to 2022 and contains 2998 reviews with 166,588 words in total. The results show that wildlife resources, natural landscape, wetland ecology and the fishing and hunting culture of northern China are fully reflected in the perceptions of visitors to Liaohe National Park; visitors have strong positive feelings toward Liaohe National Park, but there is still much room for improvement in supporting services and facilities, public education and visitor experience and participation.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.159-192
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to validate the Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ), a tool for measuring reactive-proactive aggression, in the context of South Korea. A thorough translation was conducted in collaboration with the original author. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA), exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), rating scale model (Rasch), differential item functioning (DIF), and convergent validity were performed on a sample of 510 South Korean individuals. The results revealed a two-factor structure of reactive and proactive aggression after removing one item showing dual loading. Rating scale analysis based on the Rasch model indicated the appropriateness of the 3-point Likert scale, with all items meeting fit criteria. Although the separation index and separation reliability of proactive aggression was marginally lower, the overall discrimination between participants and items was satisfactory. Examination of participant-item distribution indicated a suitable alignment between reactive aggression and participant ability levels, whereas proactive aggression exhibited slightly elevated item difficulty. Furthermore, three items were found to function differently based on gender. A moderate but statistically significant positive correlation was found between the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11-R (Korean version) and RPQ from the results of the convergent validity evaluation. Overall, this study employed rigorous statistical methods to validate the suitability of the RPQ for use in Korea, taking cultural nuances into account, and introduced the concepts of reactive and proactive aggression to the Korean general population.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.120-128
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• 2024

Since ChatGPT was released in 2022, the generative artificial intelligence (AI) industry has seen massive growth and is expected to bring significant innovations to cognitive tasks. AI-based image generation, in particular, is leading major changes in the digital world. This study investigates the technical foundations of Midjourney, Stable Diffusion, and Firefly-three notable AI image generation tools-and compares their effectiveness by examining the images they produce. The results show that these AI tools can generate realistic images of tomatoes, strawberries, paprikas, and cucumbers, typical crops grown in greenhouse. Especially, Firefly stood out for its ability to produce very realistic images of greenhouse-grown crops. However, all tools struggled to fully capture the environmental context of greenhouses where these crops grow. The process of refining prompts and using reference images has proven effective in accurately generating images of strawberry fruits and their cultivation systems. In the case of generating cucumber images, the AI tools produced images very close to real ones, with no significant differences found in their evaluation scores. This study demonstrates how AI-based image generation technology can be applied in agriculture, suggesting a bright future for its use in this field.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.180-191
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• 2016

This study utilized a semantic network analysis for Korean major newspaper articles concerning 'Bernie Sanders'. 'Bernie Sanders' promotes conservative values of 'Americana' as well as the progressive values of 'relieving inequality', and thus, perhaps he is a subject on which ideological differences between the press can be distinctively manifest. Upon comparison of the priority of frequency between the conservative press and progressive press, the conservative press frequently used the expressions, 'socialist' and 'black man', whereas the progressive press frequently used the expressions, 'inequality' and 'problem'. Both the conservative press and progressive press displayed particularly different semantic compositions with the term, 'Korea'. The progressive press aimed to express the criticism of social problems and established politics identified by Sanders in relation to the 'Korean' society, whereas the conservative press criticized the blunt expressions stating that a specifically named politician resembles Sanders, and the specific party and term of 'Korea'. A completely different disposition of reports from different perspectives and context was ascertained, regardless of the use of the same terms. Thus, it is demonstrated that the semantic composition of the press on a specific issue displays significant differences according to their ideological disposition.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.422-430
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• 2002

For a time-multiplexed FPGA, a circuit is partitioned into several subcircuits, so that they temporally share the same physical FPGA device by hardware reconfiguration. In these architectures, all the hardware reconfiguration information called contexts are generated and downloaded into the chip, and then the pre-scheduled context switches occur properly and timely. Since the maximum number of the LUT's required in the same time determines the size of the chip used in the synthesis, it needs to be minimized, if possible. Many previous work use their own approaches, which are very similar to either scheduling method in high level synthesis or multi-way circuit partitioning method, to solve the problem. In this paper, we propose a method which estimates the lower bound on the number of LUT's without performing any actual synthesis. The estimated lower bounds help to evaluate the results of the previous work. If the estimated lower bound on the number of LUT's exactly matches the number of LUT's of the result from the previous work, the result must be optimal. In contrast, if they do not match, the following two cases are expected : the more exact lower bound may exist, or we might find the new synthesis result better than the result from the previous work. Experimental results show that our lower bound estimation method is very accurate. In almost al] cases experimented, the estimated lower bounds on the number of LUT's exactly match those of the previous synthesis results respectively, implying that the best results from the previous work are optimal as well as our method predicted the exact lower bound for those examples.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.28-39
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• 2003

This paper is an overview of research contributions by the authors to the use of compression techniques to handle high resolution, multi-spectral images. Originally developed in the remote sensing context, the same techniques are here applied to food and medical images. The objective is to point out the potential of this kind of processing in different contexts such as remote sensing, food monitoring, and medical imaging and to stimulate new research exploitations. Compression is based on the simple assumption that it is possible to find out a relationship between pixels close one each other in multi-spectral images it translates to the possibility to say that there is a certain degree of correlation within pixels belonging to the same band in a close neighbourhood. Once found a correlation based on certain coefficient on one band, the coefficients of this relationship are, in turn, quite probably, similar to the ones calculated in one of the other bands. Based upon this second observation, an algorithm was developed, able to reduce the number of bit/pixel from 16 to 4 in satellite remote sensed multi-spectral images. A comparison is carried out between different methods about their speed and compression ratio. As reference it was taken the behaviour of three common algorithms, LZW (Lempel-Ziv-Welch), Huffman and RLE (Run Length Encoding), as they are used in common graphic format such as GIF, JPEG and PCX. The Presented methods have similar results in both speed and compression ratio to the commonly used programs and are to be preferred when the decompression must be carried out on line, inside a main program or when there is the need of a custom made compression algorithm.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.44 no.8
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• pp.813-821
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• 2017

Entity Linking find the meaning of an entity mention, which indicate the entity using different expressions, in a user's query by linking the entity mention and the entity in the knowledge base. This task has four challenges, including the difficult knowledge base construction problem, multiple presentation of the entity mention, ambiguity of entity linking, and NIL entity recognition. In this paper, we first construct the entity name dictionary based on Wikipedia to build a knowledge base and solve the multiple presentation problem. We then propose various methods for NIL entity recognition and solve the ambiguity of entity linking by training the support vector machine based on several features, including the similarity of the context, semantic relevance, clue word score, named entity type similarity of the mansion, entity name matching score, and object popularity score. We sequentially use the proposed two methods based on the constructed knowledge base, to obtain the good performance in the entity linking. In the result of the experiment, our system achieved 83.66% and 90.81% F1 score, which is the performance of the NIL entity recognition to solve the ambiguity of the entity linking.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.829-840
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• 2015

In this study, we analyzed the teaching practices of science teachers using smart technologies and investigated their difficulties in implementing smart education and their educational needs. We also studied their opinions on the application of smart technologies in science education. The participants were seven science teachers who participated in the smart education study group of a science teacher association in Seoul. We elaborated on the characteristics of smart education in science education during comprehensive analyses of instructional materials used in science classes and the initial interviews. We then analyzed the second interviews by categorizing their responses inductively. All the science teachers used the 'instant access as needed', but their interactions, simply answering students' questions, were found to be at a low level. They did not effectively use the 'collaborative interaction with SNS or wiki-based service' for the support for interactive learning. While most collected learning results of their students and provided feedback in the aspect of 'individualization according to leaner level', they were not aware of 'context, situation, and location of learners' in smart education. While all the teachers extended learning opportunities by using learning resources widely in smart education, most were not aware of 'support for self-directed learning'. Most teachers believed that smart education should be developed to help students learn interactively and in a self-directed manner. They also provided many opinions on teacher training programs and environmental support for smart education. Based on the results, some considerations for implementing smart education in science instructions effectively are discussed.