• 천문학회보
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.49.3-50
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• 2015

Early-type dwarf galaxy (ETDG), the most abundant galaxy type in clusters, were recently shown to exhibit a wide variety in their properties. Particularly, the presence of blue cores in some ETDGs supports the scenario of late-type galaxy infall and subsequent transformation into red, quiescent ETDGs. While several transformation mechanisms for these ETDGs with blue core within cluster environment have been proposed, all these processes are able to explain only some of the observational properties of ETDGs such as stellar populations and structural parameters. In this context, internal kinematic properties of blue-cored ETDGs provide the most crucial evidence to discriminate different processes for the formation of these galaxies. We present a kinematic analysis of two blue-cored ETDGs in the Virgo cluster based on long-slit data obtained from Gemini Multi-Object Spectrographs (GMOS) observations. We find that the observed galaxies show kinematically decoupled sub-components in the velocity profile such as discontinuity or counter-rotating component. We discuss possible scenarios of formation of these transitional galaxies.

• 복식
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.122-135
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to figure out what the beauty of the modern body means and symbolizes from the aesthetic, sociocultural, and psychological perspectives and to investigate how it was formed in the modern Korean society. The data were obtained from the magazines and newspapers published from 1920 to 1939 and analyzed by qualitative content analysis. The results were as follows: First, the modern body from an aesthetic standpoint was characterized by the beauty of westernization, healthy body shape, sensuality, curvaceousness, activity, balance and harmony, and artificiality. The beauty of the modern body from a sociocultural perspective symbolized modern culture and implied the value evaluated by visual appearance. Therefore, the modern body became an object of consumption and the physical capital that gave women chances for their social success and happy marriages. The beauty of the modern body from a psychological viewpoint expressed individuality as a modern ego. Second, the formation of modern body esthetics was explained within the context of social comparison theory. The ideal body suggested by mass media was internalized as the aesthetic standard women used to create modern bodies and with which they compared their created bodies.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.149-169
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• 2015

In this study, we try to understand the role of online social recommendation and the similarity of preferences between the recommender and the recommendee on consumer decisions in the framework of the two stage purchase decision-making process. Applying construal level theory to our context, we expect that the role of social recommendation and the similarity of preferences would vary over the stages in the two-stage decision making process. To test our hypotheses, we collected the data through an incentive compatible experiment, and analyzed the data with nested logit model. As a result, we found that the role of online social recommendation varies over the stages. Consumers take recommendation from similar others at the stage of consideration set formation, but no longer consider it at the stage of final choice. Consumers take recommendation from dissimilar others at the stage of consideration set formation. At the stage of final choice, however, consumers avoid choosing the option recommended by dissimilar others. The results of our study enrich the understanding about the role of social recommendation, and have implication to marketing practitioners who attempt to make online social recommendation system more efficient.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.577-590
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• 2016

We studied the current state-of-the-art of Smart TV, the challenges and the drawbacks. Mainly we discussed the lack of end-to-end solution. We then illustrated the differences between Smart TV and IPTV from network service provider point of view. Unlike IPTV, viewer of Smart TV's over-the-top (OTT) services could be global, such as foreign nationals in a country or viewers having special viewing preferences. Those viewers are sparsely distributed. The existing TV service deployment models over Internet are not suitable for such viewers as they are based on content popularity, hence we propose a community based service deployment methodology with proactive content caching on rendezvous points (RPs). In our proposal, RPs are intermediate nodes responsible for caching routing and decision making. The viewer's community formation is based on geographical locations and similarity of their interests. The idea of using context information to do proactive caching is itself not new, but we combined this with "in network caching" mechanism of content centric network (CCN) architecture. We gauge the performance improvement achieved by a community model. The result shows that when the total numbers of requests are same; our model can have significantly better performance, especially for sparsely distributed communities.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.221-227
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• 2013

Embryonic stem (ES) cells have potential for use in evaluation of developmental toxicity because they are generated in large numbers and differentiate into three germ layers following formation of embryoid bodies (EBs). In earlier study, embryonic stem cell test (EST) was established for assessment of the embryotoxic potential of compounds. Using EBs indicating the onset of differentiation of mouse ES cells, many toxicologists have refined the developmental toxicity of a variety of compounds. However, due to some limitation of the EST method resulting from species-specific differences between humans and mouse, it is an incomplete approach. In this regard, we examined the effects of several developmental toxic chemicals on formation of EBs using human ES cells. Although human ES cells are fastidious in culture and differentiation, we concluded that the relevancy of our experimental method is more accurate than that of EST using mouse ES cells. These types of studies could extend our understanding of how human ES cells could be used for monitoring developmental toxicity and its relevance in relation to its differentiation progress. In addition, this concept will be used as a model system for screening for developmental toxicity of various chemicals. This article might update new information about the usage of embryonic stem cells in the context of their possible ability in the toxicological fields.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.88-97
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• 2001

The present study numerically investigates the fuel-air mixing characteristics, flame structure, and pollutant emission inside a double-swirler combustor. A PSR(Perfectly Stirred Reactor) based microstructural model is employed to account for the effects of finite rate chemistry on the flame structure and NO formation. The turbulent combustion model is extended to nonadiabatic flame condition with radiation by introducing an enthalpy variable, and the radiative heat loss is calculated by a local, geometry-independent model. The effects of turbulent fluctuation are taken into account by the joint assumed PDFs. Numerical model is based on the non-orthogonal body-fitted coordinate system and the pressure/velocity coupling is handled by PISO algorithm in context with the finite volume formulation. The present PSR-based turbulent combustion model has been applied to analyze the highly intense turbulent nonpremixed flame field in the double swirler combustor. The detailed discussions were made for the flow structure, combustion effects on flow structure, flame structure, and emission characteristics in the highly intense turbulent swirling flame of the double swirler burner.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2009

This article is concerned to investigate the changing nature of the role of the state in relation to industrial policy to foster the IT industry in the Republic of Korea. In doing this, it has started with economic globalization introduced to the Korean political economy since the late 1980s. It has identified in what ways the state responded to the change, and to what extent the role of the state has fundamentally been changed in the context of policy mechanism in the process towards facilitating the IT industry in Korea. In addition, it presented how the state played a role in skill formation in relation to the industrial policy. In consequence, the role of the Korean state in fostering the IT industry has fundamentally changed from that as the developmental state in the industrialization process. In the process, that the strategic co-ordination role of the state and relations between the state and private capitals and societies are very significant to achieve the economic goal is presented as results, as well as some future tensions that would encounter in the way of charting the current policies.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.38-52
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• 1995

Liposome은 의약과 화장품 분야에서 많은 발전을 하였다. 본 연구에서는 세포 간지질의 주요 성분인 cholesterol, palmitic acid, cholesterol ester와 lecithin을 사용하여 swelling반응에 의해 MLV liposome을 제조 하였다. 지질베이스와 마이크로플루다이저를 사용하여 MLV liposome 형성에 대한 특성들을 연구 하였다. MLV liposome은 multilamellar vesicle로서 형성되었다. MLV liposome의 gelation효과는 고온(90$\pm$5도씨)에서 polyol과 water phase에 지질을 혼합한 것에 스웰링 반응을 하였다. MLV liposome에 alpha hydroxy acid 성분들을 투입 제조하였다. MLV liposome의 최적 조건은 마이크로플루다이저에 3회 통과하였으며 vesicle의 입자크기는 150-350nm범위이고 이것을 freeze-fracture electron microscopy로 확인 하였다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.142-149
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• 2009

User and media are in close coalition with each other in the 21st century's era of New-Media. The new users exposed to the New-Media environment have a complete understanding of the digital media environment, and are also taking on the role of an active identity in the formation of culture in new media. In the field of spatial design, creative spatial interfaces designed through various methods derived from the New-Media environment and technology that weren't even imaginable in the past ultimately came to exist in a mutual relationship with the user, the people. This study is in the same context as studies looking into the establishment of design in media art and digital media space in the New-Media environment. Media art is an outcome arising from the demand towards new art combined with the attempts towards accepting various media as a means for artistic expression. Media art seizes to being a mere part of art, but more. This study aims to look into the theoretical basis of New-Media and define the design process through the expressional characteristics and triggered thoughts thereof. Lastly, the results of the research will be put together to produce the final results. Such analysis process will be the basis of the creation of a new paradigm and spatial thought, and allow people to be concerned about the various changes in spatial formation.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2020

Surfaces with various roughnesses were produced through laser processing, and the anisotropy and hydrophobicity of the surfaces were examined in the context of the microstructures. The fine particles transferred to the glass surface exhibited different sizes, and the roughness increased. Due to the change in the roughness, the liquid could not penetrate the space between the fine particles, and it was thus exposed to the air. We analyzed this phenomenon using the combined Wenzel and Cassie-Baxter models. Excessive fine particle formation on the substrate tended to increase the roughness and surface energy. The silver-glass-air contact analysis could clarify the mechanism of the reduction of the contact angle and differences in the metastable and stable states when the particles did not completely cover the glass substrate. The formation of microstructures with fine particles through the laser selective deposition led to the generation of an anisotropic surface as the water droplets diffused toward the glass substrate with a relatively high surface energy level.