• Title/Summary/Keyword: Context Reasoning

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Context-based Service Reasoning Model for user by User Environment Information (사용자환경정보 기반 Context-based Service 추론모델)

  • Go, Gwang-Eun;Jang, In-Hun;Sim, Gwi-Bo
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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    • 2007.11a
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    • pp.63-66
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    • 2007
  • 기존의 홈네트워크 시스템에서 사용자의 단순한 명령을 통해 서비스를 제공하는 기술은 이미 구현되어 있다. 그렇지만 가정이라는 환경은 이렇게 단순한 환경이기보다, 다수의 가족 구성원으로 이루어져 있으며 그에 따른 다양한 명령과 상황이 존재하고 있다. 이러한 다변화된 특성에 맞추어 사용자의 단순 명령보다 한 단계 높은 수준으로 사용자의 욕구를 능동적으로 추론해 낼 수 있는 모델의 제안이 필요하다. 본 논문에서 베이지안 네트워크를 활용하여 사용자의 주변 환경 정보로 규정된 Context를 인식하고 인식된 결과를 통해 사용자가 요구하는 적합한 서비스(Context-based Service)를 추론해 낼 수 있는 모델을 제시하고자 한다.

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Middleware for Context-Aware Ubiquitous Computing

  • Hung Q.;Sungyoung
    • Korea Information Processing Society Review
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    • v.11 no.6
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    • pp.56-75
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    • 2004
  • In this article we address some system characteristics and challenging issues in developing Context-aware Middleware for Ubiquitous Computing. The functionalities of a Context-aware Middleware includes gathering context data from hardware/software sensors, reasoning and inferring high-level context data, and disseminating/delivering appropriate context data to interested applications/services. The Middleware should facilitate the query, aggregation, and discovery for the contexts, as well as facilities to specify their privacy policy. Following a formal context model using ontology would enable syntactic and semantic interoperability, and knowledge sharing between different domains. Moddleware should also provide different kinds of context classification mechanical as pluggable modules, including rules written in different types of logic (first order logic, description logic, temporal/spatial logic, fuzzy logic, etc.) as well as machine-learning mechanical (supervised and unsupervised classifiers). Different mechanisms have different power, expressiveness and decidability properties, and system developers can choose the appropriate mechanism that best meets the reasoning requirements of each context. And finally, to promote the context-trigger actions in application level, it is important to provide a uniform and platform-independent interface for applications to express their need for different context data without knowing how that data is acquired. The action could involve adapting to the new environment, notifying the user, communicating with another device to exchange information, or performing any other task.

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Object Recognition for Mobile Robot using Context-based Bi-directional Reasoning (상황 정보 기반 양방향 추론 방법을 이용한 이동 로봇의 물체 인식)

  • Lim, G.H.;Ryu, G.G.;Suh, I.H.;Kim, J.B.;Zhang, G.X.;Kang, J.H.;Park, M.K.
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2007.04a
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    • pp.6-8
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    • 2007
  • In this paper, We propose reasoning system for object recognition and space classification using not only visual features but also contextual information. It is necessary to perceive object and classify space in real environments for mobile robot. especially vision based. Several visual features such as texture, SIFT. color are used for object recognition. Because of sensor uncertainty and object occlusion. there are many difficulties in vision-based perception. To show the validities of our reasoning system. experimental results will be illustrated. where object and space are inferred by bi -directional rules even with partial and uncertain information. And the system is combined with top-down and bottom-up approach.

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Dynamic Decision Making using Social Context based on Ontology (상황 온톨로지를 이용한 동적 의사결정시스템)

  • Kim, Hyun-Woo;Sohn, M.-Ye;Lee, Hyun-Jung
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.43-61
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    • 2011
  • In this research, we propose a dynamic decision making using social context based on ontology. Dynamic adaptation is adopted for the high qualified decision making, which is defined as creation of proper information using contexts depending on decision maker's state of affairs in ubiquitous computing environment. Thereby, the context for the dynamic adaptation is classified as a static, dynamic and social context. Static context contains personal explicit information like demographic data. Dynamic context like weather or traffic information is provided by external information service provider. Finally, social context implies much more implicit knowledge such as social relationship than the other two-type context, but it is not easy to extract any implied tacit knowledge as well as generalized rules from the information. So, it was not easy for the social context to apply into dynamic adaptation. In this light, we tried the social context into the dynamic adaptation to generate context-appropriate personalized information. It is necessary to build modeling methodology to adopt dynamic adaptation using the context. The proposed context modeling used ontology and cases which are best to represent tacit and unstructured knowledge such as social context. Case-based reasoning and constraint satisfaction problem is applied into the dynamic decision making system for the dynamic adaption. Case-based reasoning is used case to represent the context including social, dynamic and static and to extract personalized knowledge from the personalized case-base. Constraint satisfaction problem is used when the selected case through the case-based reasoning needs dynamic adaptation, since it is usual to adapt the selected case because context can be changed timely according to environment status. The case-base reasoning adopts problem context for effective representation of static, dynamic and social context, which use a case structure with index and solution and problem ontology of decision maker. The case is stored in case-base as a repository of a decision maker's personal experience and knowledge. The constraint satisfaction problem use solution ontology which is extracted from collective intelligence which is generalized from solutions of decision makers. The solution ontology is retrieved to find proper solution depending on the decision maker's context when it is necessary. At the same time, dynamic adaptation is applied to adapt the selected case using solution ontology. The decision making process is comprised of following steps. First, whenever the system aware new context, the system converses the context into problem context ontology with case structure. Any context is defined by a case with a formal knowledge representation structure. Thereby, social context as implicit knowledge is also represented a formal form like a case. In addition, for the context modeling, ontology is also adopted. Second, we select a proper case as a decision making solution from decision maker's personal case-base. We convince that the selected case should be the best case depending on context related to decision maker's current status as well as decision maker's requirements. However, it is possible to change the environment and context around the decision maker and it is necessary to adapt the selected case. Third, if the selected case is not available or the decision maker doesn't satisfy according to the newly arrived context, then constraint satisfaction problem and solution ontology is applied to derive new solution for the decision maker. The constraint satisfaction problem uses to the previously selected case to adopt and solution ontology. The verification of the proposed methodology is processed by searching a meeting place according to the decision maker's requirements and context, the extracted solution shows the satisfaction depending on meeting purpose.

Context-aware and Reasoning Model for Ubiquitous (유비쿼터스 환경을 위한 상황인지 및 학습, 추론 모델)

  • Ji Dong-Jun;Yang Jung-Jin
    • Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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    • 2006.06b
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    • pp.223-225
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    • 2006
  • 유비쿼터스는 인간의 일상생활에 깊이 스며들어 삶을 풍요롭게 만들어 주는 기술이다. 즉. 여러 형태의 센서가 인지하는 상황정보를 바탕으로 인간을 위한 다양한 목적을 이루어 낼 수 있다. 각각의 유비쿼터스 시스템은 각자의 구조를 가지지만 상황인지(Context-aware), 학습(Learning), 추론(Reasoning) 의 요소는 대부분 필수적으로 갖추고 있다. 본 연구에서는 위 세가지 기본요소를 조합해서 구현할 수 있는 프레임워크를 제시하고 시나리오를 통해 그 적용 가능성을 살펴본다.

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MOnCa2: High-Level Context Reasoning Framework based on User Travel Behavior Recognition and Route Prediction for Intelligent Smartphone Applications (MOnCa2: 지능형 스마트폰 어플리케이션을 위한 사용자 이동 행위 인지와 경로 예측 기반의 고수준 콘텍스트 추론 프레임워크)

  • Kim, Je-Min;Park, Young-Tack
    • Journal of KIISE
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    • v.42 no.3
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    • pp.295-306
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    • 2015
  • MOnCa2 is a framework for building intelligent smartphone applications based on smartphone sensors and ontology reasoning. In previous studies, MOnCa determined and inferred user situations based on sensor values represented by ontology instances. When this approach is applied, recognizing user space information or objects in user surroundings is possible, whereas determining the user's physical context (travel behavior, travel destination) is impossible. In this paper, MOnCa2 is used to build recognition models for travel behavior and routes using smartphone sensors to analyze the user's physical context, infer basic context regarding the user's travel behavior and routes by adapting these models, and generate high-level context by applying ontology reasoning to the basic context for creating intelligent applications. This paper is focused on approaches that are able to recognize the user's travel behavior using smartphone accelerometers, predict personal routes and destinations using GPS signals, and infer high-level context by applying realization.

A Case Based Music Recommendation System using Context-Awareness (상황 인식을 이용한 사례기반 음악추천시스템)

  • Lee, Jae Sik;Lee, Jin Chun
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.111-126
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    • 2006
  • The context-awareness is one of the core technologies in ubiquitous computing environment. In this research, we incorporated the capability of context-awareness in a case-based music recommendation system. Our proposed system consists of Intention Module and Recommendation Module. The Intention Module infers whether a user wants to listen to the music or not from the environmental context information. Then, the Recommendation Module selects songs from the songs that are listened by similar users in similar context, and recommends them to the user. The results showed that our proposed system outperformed the traditional case-based music recommendation system in accuracy by about 9% point.

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A Design and Implement Vessel USN Risk Context Aware System using Case Based Reasoning (사례 기반 추론을 이용한 선박 USN 위험 상황 인식 시스템 구현 및 설계)

  • Song, Byoung-Ho;Lee, Seong-Ro
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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    • v.47 no.3
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    • pp.42-50
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    • 2010
  • It is necessary to implementation of system contain intelligent decision making algorithm considering marine feature because existing vessel USN system is simply monitoring obtained data from vessel USN. In this paper, we designed inference system using case based reasoning method and implemented knowledge base that case for fire and demage of digital marine vessel. We used K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm for recommend best similar case and input 3.000 EA by case for fire and demage context case base. As a result, we obtained about 82.5% average accuracy for fire case and about 80.1% average accuracy for demage case. We implemented digital marine vessel monitoring system using inference result.

Context Prediction Using Right and Wrong Patterns to Improve Sequential Matching Performance for More Accurate Dynamic Context-Aware Recommendation (보다 정확한 동적 상황인식 추천을 위해 정확 및 오류 패턴을 활용하여 순차적 매칭 성능이 개선된 상황 예측 방법)

  • Kwon, Oh-Byung
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.51-67
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    • 2009
  • Developing an agile recommender system for nomadic users has been regarded as a promising application in mobile and ubiquitous settings. To increase the quality of personalized recommendation in terms of accuracy and elapsed time, estimating future context of the user in a correct way is highly crucial. Traditionally, time series analysis and Makovian process have been adopted for such forecasting. However, these methods are not adequate in predicting context data, only because most of context data are represented as nominal scale. To resolve these limitations, the alignment-prediction algorithm has been suggested for context prediction, especially for future context from the low-level context. Recently, an ontological approach has been proposed for guided context prediction without context history. However, due to variety of context information, acquiring sufficient context prediction knowledge a priori is not easy in most of service domains. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to propose a novel context prediction methodology, which does not require a priori knowledge, and to increase accuracy and decrease elapsed time for service response. To do so, we have newly developed pattern-based context prediction approach. First of ail, a set of individual rules is derived from each context attribute using context history. Then a pattern consisted of results from reasoning individual rules, is developed for pattern learning. If at least one context property matches, say R, then regard the pattern as right. If the pattern is new, add right pattern, set the value of mismatched properties = 0, freq = 1 and w(R, 1). Otherwise, increase the frequency of the matched right pattern by 1 and then set w(R,freq). After finishing training, if the frequency is greater than a threshold value, then save the right pattern in knowledge base. On the other hand, if at least one context property matches, say W, then regard the pattern as wrong. If the pattern is new, modify the result into wrong answer, add right pattern, and set frequency to 1 and w(W, 1). Or, increase the matched wrong pattern's frequency by 1 and then set w(W, freq). After finishing training, if the frequency value is greater than a threshold level, then save the wrong pattern on the knowledge basis. Then, context prediction is performed with combinatorial rules as follows: first, identify current context. Second, find matched patterns from right patterns. If there is no pattern matched, then find a matching pattern from wrong patterns. If a matching pattern is not found, then choose one context property whose predictability is higher than that of any other properties. To show the feasibility of the methodology proposed in this paper, we collected actual context history from the travelers who had visited the largest amusement park in Korea. As a result, 400 context records were collected in 2009. Then we randomly selected 70% of the records as training data. The rest were selected as testing data. To examine the performance of the methodology, prediction accuracy and elapsed time were chosen as measures. We compared the performance with case-based reasoning and voting methods. Through a simulation test, we conclude that our methodology is clearly better than CBR and voting methods in terms of accuracy and elapsed time. This shows that the methodology is relatively valid and scalable. As a second round of the experiment, we compared a full model to a partial model. A full model indicates that right and wrong patterns are used for reasoning the future context. On the other hand, a partial model means that the reasoning is performed only with right patterns, which is generally adopted in the legacy alignment-prediction method. It turned out that a full model is better than a partial model in terms of the accuracy while partial model is better when considering elapsed time. As a last experiment, we took into our consideration potential privacy problems that might arise among the users. To mediate such concern, we excluded such context properties as date of tour and user profiles such as gender and age. The outcome shows that preserving privacy is endurable. Contributions of this paper are as follows: First, academically, we have improved sequential matching methods to predict accuracy and service time by considering individual rules of each context property and learning from wrong patterns. Second, the proposed method is found to be quite effective for privacy preserving applications, which are frequently required by B2C context-aware services; the privacy preserving system applying the proposed method successfully can also decrease elapsed time. Hence, the method is very practical in establishing privacy preserving context-aware services. Our future research issues taking into account some limitations in this paper can be summarized as follows. First, user acceptance or usability will be tested with actual users in order to prove the value of the prototype system. Second, we will apply the proposed method to more general application domains as this paper focused on tourism in amusement park.

How middle-school mathematics textbooks of Korea and the US support to develop students' statistical reasoning (한국과 미국 중학교 교과서의 통계 영역 수학과제가 제시하는 통계적 추론에 대한 학습기회 탐색)

  • Lee, Sunjung;Kim, Gooyeon
    • The Mathematical Education
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    • v.58 no.1
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    • pp.139-160
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    • 2019
  • This study attempts to examine statistical tasks in the middle-school mathematics textbooks of Korea and Connected Mathematics 3 [CMP] of the US in terms of an opportunity-to-learn for statistical reasoning. We utilized an analytical framework consisting of types of context, statistical reasoning level, cognitive demand of the tasks, and types of student response. The findings from the task analysis suggested that Korean textbooks focused on finding answers by applying previously learned algorithms or formulas and thus provided students with very limited opportunities to experience statistical reasoning. Also, the results proposed that the mathematical tasks in statistics unit of CMP3 offer more essential and complex tasks that promote students' conceptual understanding of various statistical ideas and statistical reasoning in a meaningful way.