• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.433-438
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• 2005

This investigation was undertaken in order to elicit the relationship between the extent of ultrafiltration processing of whey and its effect on composition and yield of resultant whey protein concentrate (WPC). Cheddar cheese whey was fractionated through ultrafiltration to an extent of 70, 80, 90, 95, 97.5% and 97.5% volume reduction followed by I stage and II stage diafiltration. After each level of ultrafiltration, the composition of WPC was monitored. Similarly, the initial whey was adjusted to 3.0, 6.2 and 7.0 pH levels and ultrafiltration was carried out to elicit the effect of pH of ultrafiltration on the composition. Further, initial whey was adjusted to different levels of whey protein content ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 per cent and subjected to ultrafiltration to different levels. The various range of retentate obtained were further condensed and spray dried in order to assess the yield of WPC per unit volume of whey used and the quantity of whey required to produce unit weight of product. With the progress of ultrafiltration, there was a progressive increase in protein content and decrease in lactose and ash content. The regression study led to good relationships with $R^2$ values of more than 0.95 between the extents of permeate removed and the resultant changes in composition of each of the constituents. Whey processed at pH 3.0 had significantly a very low ash content and high protein content as compared to processing at 6.2 and 7.0. The yield of WPC per unit volume of whey varied significantly with the initial protein content. Higher initial protein content led to higher yield of all ranges of WPC and the quantity of whey required per unit weight of spray dried WPC significantly reduced. Regression equations establishing the relationship between initial protein content of whey and the yield of various types of WPC have been derived with very high $R^2$ values of 0.99. This study revealed that, the yield and composition of whey can be monitored strictly by controlling the processing parameters and WPC can be produced depending on the food formulation requirement.

• 분석과학
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2024

Among the nutrients in feed, amino acids and minerals are important for the growth and development of pets. In particular, interest in nutritional components related to the health of pets is increasing as pet-raising households and pet food markets have recently grown. Therefore, in this study, 55 pet food products distributed in South Korea were purchased, and the content of 3 essential and conditionally essential amino acids (taurine, lysine, arginine) and 4 minerals (Ca, P, Na, K) was investigated. Among the three amino acids, arginine was found to have the highest content, and the average content was 1.79 and 1.37 % in cat and dog foods, respectively. On the other hand, the taurine content was the lowest, but it was found to be higher than the minimum requirement of 0.10 % for cats set by the American Association for Feed Control (AAFCO) and the European Federation of Pet Food Industries (FEDIAF). As a result of the four-component analysis of minerals, the content of Ca was found to be the highest, and the average content was confirmed to be 1.64 and 1.25 % in cat and dog food, respectively. On the other hand, Na was the lowest, but it was higher than the AAFCO minimum requirement and FEDIAF minimum requirement for young cat and dog food. Among all 55 samples examined, the content of the three amino acids and the four inorganic components was confirmed to be suitable for the recommended minimum intake and maximum allowable intake presented by AAFCO and FEDIAF.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 1971

The effects of alcohol. extract of acacia on total cholesterol, ${\beta}-lipoprotein$ content and S-GOT activity in serum of rabbit were examined. Rabbits were divided into four groups. A : Control group B : Cholesterol group C : Cholesterol+aca. alc. ex. (A) group D : Cholesterol+aca. alc. ex. (B) group Each group had four rabbits. A Group was fed with the stock diet only for the experimental period of 28 days. B Group was fed with the stock diet containing 500mg of cholesterol. C Group was fed with the stock diet containing 500mg of cholesterol and 300mg of acacia alcohol extract. D Group was fed with the stock diet containing 500mg of cholesterol and 500mg of acacia aocohol extract. Total cholesterol ${\beta}-lipoprotein$ content and S-GOT activity in serum was determined with spectrophotometer, spectronic 20. It was confirmed that the extract of acacia alcohol inhibits the increase of total cholesterol, ${\beta}-lipoprotein$ content and S-GOT activity in serum but the statistical probability was not significant.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.141-149
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• 1998

In order to reduce systemic side effects following administration, flurbiprofen was formulated as O/W microemulsion consisting of the surfactant, oil phase and aqueous phase. Particle size distribution, apparent viscosity, solubility and skin permeation of flurbiprofen in various vehicles and microemulsion were evaluated. The domain of O/W microemulsion s phase diagram had difference between oil types and the area of O/W microemulsion was wide distributed by adding to PG and cosurfactant than that of water alone. As increasing 10, 15 and 20% of Brij 97 content and 1, 2.5, 5% of oil content, the solubility of flurbiprofen in O/W microemulsions and various vehicles was $400{\sim}1,000$ and $10{\sim}500$ times higher than that of control. Also, apparent viscosity of soybean oil microemulsions was higher than that of IPM microemulsions and that of vehicle were increased as increasing vehicle content. Since skin permeation of flurbiprofen decreased as increasing viscosity, in each vehicle, it was not affected 2% ${\beta}-CD$ and decreased as increasing PG content and to 2, 5 and 10% of $HP-{\beta}-CD$. In O/W microemulsion, 5% soybean oil. 20% Brij 97 and 75% water(A-1) with high viscosity showed low skin penetration.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.305-311
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• 2002

In order to evaluate the effect of poloxamer 407 content on the dissolution profiles of pellets, diltiazem HCl (DTL) core pellets were prepared with poloxamer 407 (50-90% w/w, with lactose as filler) using an extruder and a spheronizer. Any possible interaction between the drug and excipients was evaluated using DSC, IR and TLC. Dissolution tests were performed using USP basket method. In addition, scanning electron micrograph was performed to examine the surface roughness and cross sections. The release of DTL from the core pellets was decreased with increasing poloxamer 407 content. Cracks appeared on the surface of the core pellets with increasing the poloxamer 407 content, which may play a role on the retardation of the release of DTL from core pellets. There was no any significant interaction between the drug and excipients employed to prepare the core pellets.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.971-978
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• 2014

Investigation of the quality characteristics of Takju brewing mashes prepared with several different yeasts was carried out during the 42-day brewing process, including examination of titratable acidity, amino acid content, sugar contents, alcohol contents, pH, reducing sugar, yeast population, lactic acid bacteria, and sensory evaluation. Fermivin yielded the highest titratable acidity, while la parisienne had the lowest. Fermivin also had the highest value of amino acid content (14.33%), while other yeasts shows period tended to increase over exclude Instaferm and Song chun. The amount of sugars in instaferm ($11.33^{\circ}Bx$) and instaferm red ($10.53^{\circ}Bx$) were higher than those in La parisienne red and Song chun ($9.57^{\circ}Bx$). The alcohol contents of instaferm was the highest value (15.20%) while the alchol content of the other yeasts tended to increase the fementation period. Fermivin had the highest pH at $12^{th}$ day among the yeasts(4.02), Instaferm red had the lowest pH among the yeasts (3.87) while safbrew wb-06 had the highest reducing sugar content(117.60 mg/mL). Instaferm obtained the highest preference in the sensory evaluation for all items.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.186-194
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• 2016

Consumption of fruits and vegetables has been conducted to be effective in the prevention of chronic diseases. In this study, 70% methanol, 70% ethanol and chloroform-methanol mixture (CM, 2:1, v/v) were used as solvents in the extraction of apple peels. The total phenol content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of various extracts were investigated using in vitro assays. The extract obtained by 70% methanol showed the highest total phenol content ($20.87{\pm}0.17mgCAE/g$), ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt] radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power. However, 70% ethanol extract possessed the strongest antioxidant activity assayed by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity and ${\beta}$-carotene bleaching method. And CM extract was found to show the highest total flavonoid content with the value of $9.26{\pm}0.06mgQE/g$. These results indicated that apple peels can be used in dietary applications with a potential to reduce oxidative stress.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2000

kaolin과 수산화알루미늄을 이용하여 mullite를 합성하는데 있어서 출발원료의 조성을 silica rich, stoichiometric, alumina rich 조성으로 준비하여 각각의 원료로부터 mullite를 합성할 때 mullite-seed가 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 그 결과 silica rich 조성과 stoichiometric 조성에서는 mullite-seed의 첨가량이 증가할수록 꺾임강도값이 증가하며, alumina rich 조성에서는 mullite-seed의 첨가량이 증가할수록 꺾임강도값은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 같은 양의 mullite-seed를 첨가했을 때 미세구조는 alumina 첨가 함량이 증가할수록 치밀도가 감소하고, aspect ratio는 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 순도면에서는 mullite정량결과 모든 조성에서 mullite-seed의 첨가량이 많을수록 합성된 mullite 결정상의 함량이 증가하는 경향을 보였다.

• 약학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.145-151
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• 1981

The effect of ginseng methanol extract on hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme in rat was investigated. The ginseng methanol extract (100mg/kg) was administered orally to Sprague Dawley rats for 7days and the contents of cytochrome $P_{450}$ and NADPH cytochrome c reductase in liver were measured by the method of Stanton et al. and Mazel respectively. The content of liver cytochrome $P_{450}$ and NADPH cytochrome c reductase in the rats treated with ginseng methanol extract (100mg/kg) were increased by 21.9% and l6.6% respectively and their increases were statistically significant. Single i.p. injection of phenobarbital (100mg/kg) to the rats produced approximately 25% increase in cytochrome $P_{450}$ content in this investigation and further stimulation was produced in the rats pretreated with ginseng methanol extract (100mg/kg). On the other hand, single i.p. injection of 95% $CCl_{4}$ (0.5ml/kg) showed 29% decrease in cytochrome $P_{450}$ content and 10.5% decrease in NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity. The degree of inhibition of cytochrome $P_{450}$ content in the rats pretreated with ginseng methanol extract (100mg/kg) was similar to that observed in the $CCl_{4}$ alone treated group, but NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity was increased by 65% in the rats pretreated with ginseng methanol extract (100mg/kg). These results suggest that ginseng is the hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme inducing agent in the rat and the effect is similar to phenobarbital.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권5호
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• pp.1081-1093
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• 2023

This study aimed to compare meat quality traits between Berkshire and crossbreed (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc), and to investigate the relationship between meat quality traits and fatty acid composition. 20 Berkshire and 20 crossbreed pigs were used to compare pork loin quality and to determine the relationship between measured variables. 23 variables were measured including proximate composition, pH, drip loss and cooking loss, Warner-Bratzler shear force, and fatty acid composition. Berkshire had higher moisture content, pH, water-holding capacity, saturated fatty acids, and redness than the crossbreed pig (p < 0.05). The fat content and polyunsaturated fatty acid were low (p < 0.05) in Berkshire. Correlation analysis showed a negatively correlation between moisture and fat content, and a positively correlation between saturated fatty acid and fat content. Moreover, saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid were negatively correlated. As a result of factor analysis and partial least square regression, saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid were estimated to be the main factors affecting quality characteristics of pork. Pig breed is associated with differences in meat quality, and fatty acid composition can have an effect on meat quality parameters.