• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.532-539
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• 2018

Background: Heat treatments are applied to ginseng products in order to improve physiological activities through the conversion of ginsenosides, which are key bioactive components. During heat treatment, organic acids can affect ginsenoside conversion. Therefore, the influence of organic acids during heat treatment should be considered. Methods: Raw ginseng, crude saponin, and ginsenoside $Rb_1$ standard with different organic acids were treated at $130^{\circ}C$, and the chemical components, including ginsenosides and organic acids, were analyzed. Results: The organic acid content in raw ginseng was 5.55%. Organic acids were not detected in crude saponin that was not subjected to heat treatment, whereas organic acids were found in crude saponin subjected to heat treatment. Major ginsenosides ($Rb_1$, Re, and $Rg_1$) in ginseng and crude saponin were converted to minor ginsenosides at $130^{\circ}C$; the ginsenoside $Rb_1$ standard was very stable in the absence of organic acids and was converted into minor ginsenosides in the presence of organic acids at high temperatures. Conclusion: The major factor affecting ginsenoside conversion was organic acids in ginseng. Therefore, the organic acid content as well as ginsenoside content and processing conditions should be considered important factors affecting the quality of ginseng products.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 1981

Total saponin, protopanaxadiol-saponin and protopanaxatriol-saponin were isolated and purified from the side roots of red ginseng. After we administered them orally into rats during 5 weeks, we observed their effects on lipid and glucose content in rat serum. The change in body weight of protopanaxatriol- saponin treated group was slightly larger than those of other groups. Total lipid content in total saponin treated group showed an increase of about 20 % over that in control group. However, protopanaxadiol-saponin and protopanaxatriol- saponin treated groups showed no change. While triglyceride content in total saponin treated group decreased 29oyo compared to it s content in control group, its content in protopanaxatriol-saponin treated group increased 45%. Three saponin treated groups showed lower value than control group in total ant free cholesterol levels. While glucose content in total saponin treated group decreased slightly, that in Protopanaxadiol-saponin treated group decreased slightly compared to that in control group. And protopanaxatriol- saponin trented group showed the significant decrease of 25%. From these results, it is supposed that total saponin accelerates the conversion of lipid into glucose and that protopanaxatriol- saponin accelerates the conversion of glucose into lipid.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.323-332
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• 2010

It is the development of a mathematics teachers' teaching knowledge that manifests a mathematics teacher's professional knowledge growth. It is becoming a direct and effective approach of conversion of mathematical knowledge into the knowledge of mathematics teaching. Through the investigation, the study revealed that the knowledge conversion process of mathematics teachers in middle school is restricted by three aspects including eight factors. From this point, the authors have structured the path and model on influencing factors of middle school Mathematics Teaching Knowledge Conversion (MPCK), and discuss the mechanism of the transformation process.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.97-99
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• 2010

To allow for a quick conversion of the proprietary sequence data from various sequencing platforms, sequence format conversion toolkits are required that can be easily integrated into workflow systems. In this respect, a format conversion tool, as well as quality conversion tool would be the minimum requirements to integrate reads from different platforms. We have developed the Pyrus NGS Sequencing Format Converter, a simple software toolkit which allows to convert three kinds of Next Generation Sequencing reads, into commonly used fasta or fastq formats. The converter modules are all implemented, uniformly, in Java GUI modules that can be integrated in software applications for displaying the data content in the same format.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.339-350
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• 2003

The Part 7 of MPEG-21, called Digital Item Adaptation, aims at an interoperable transparent access of multimedia contents in heterogeneous environments. This standard facilitates the development of Universal Multimedia Access (UMA) systems, which adapt the rich multimedia contents to provide user the best possible presentation under the constraints of various terminals and network connections. Content adaptation has two major aspects: one is modality conversion that converts content from one modality (e.g. video) to different modalities (e.g. image) the other is content scaling that changes the titrates (or qualities) of the contents without converting their modalities. At the output of adaptation process, the highly-subjective qualities of adapted contents nay vary widely with respect to point-of-views of different providers and different users. So, user should have some control on the adaptation process. In this paper, we describe two description tools of user characteristics, the presentation priority preference and the modality conversion preference, which allow user to have flexible choices on the qualities and modalities of output contents. We also present a systematic approach to integrate these user preferences into the adaptation process. These description tools are developed in the process of MPEG-21 standardization.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.1229-1239
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• 2007

기존의 무선 단말기를 위한 웹문서 변환 시스템은 필수적이지 않은 부분을 삭제하거나 레이아웃을 변환하는데 치중하여 웹문서 제작자의 그래픽 디자인에 대한 의도가 훼손된 결과물을 도출하였다. 현재 무선 단말기는 비약적인 성능 향상이 이루어졌지만 아직 이미지 정보를 그대로 처리하기에는 화면 크기가 너무 작고, 연산능력이 부족하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 정보 손실을 최소화하고 웹문서 저작자의 시각적인 저작의도를 보존하기 위하여 일반적인 웹문서를 무선 단말기용 웹문서로 적응하는 방법을 제안한다. 또한 이미지의 경우 사이즈만 변경하는 기존의 변환 방법들과 비교해 중요 정보를 남겨두고 여백을 제거하여 서비스하는 변환 방법과 이미지 컴포넌트 배치에 대한 레이아웃 측면의 변환 방법을 제시한다. 실험에서는 기존의 방법들의 변환 정확성 및 사용 편의성 측면에서 비교하여 제안된 방법의 우월성을 나타내었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2010년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.213-213
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• 2010

In this thesis, we studied to increased to solar conversion efficiency of DSSC (dye-sensitized solar cell) using nanocrystalline $TiO_2$ semiconductor. We are preparation of $TiO_2$ photoelectrode, assembly the DSSC and put a focus in analyses electrochemical properties of DSSC and using Silica powder in $TiO_2$ photoelectrode for increase light scattering effect and improved conversion efficiency. It attempt to investigate the morphology of the photoelectrode and photovoltaic effects using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and photovoltaic properties under illumination with AM 1.5 simulated sunlight. We got 146 % enhanced power conversion efficiency when the optimal content of quartz glass powder was 5 wt.% than that another content.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.1096-1102
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• 1993

Titanium nitride was synthesized by reacting Ti powder with nitrogen gas using SHS method. In this process, the effects of nitrogen pressure, dilution with TiN, or additiion of titanium hydride(TiH1.924) on the conversion of Ti to TiN were investigated. In particular, much effects were given to solve the problem of the conversion drop due to partial melting and subsequent sintering of Ti parciels, by controlling combustion temperature and combustion wave velocity via mixing Ti powder with TiN or/and TiH1.924. For the diluted titanium powders with TiN, the conversion close to 100% was resulted when the nitrogen pressure was over 8atm and with diluent content of 60wt%, and the self-propagating reaction was not sustained when the diluent content was higher than 60wt%. For samples mixed to be 55wt% in Ti component in the mixture of Ti, TiH1.924, and 45% TiN, the conversion was closed to 100% when the amount of titanium hydride added was over 7wt% and the nitrogen pressure was higher than 5atm. The combustion reaction, however, was not sustained when titanium hydride added was more than 10wt%.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.496-501
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• 1994

The synthesis of lauryl palmitate from palmitic acid and lauryl alcohol was investigated in organic solvents using lipase. Water-immiscible organic solvent such as hexane, toluenem cyclohexane, and isooctane were found to be suitable of ester synthesis . The effect of water content on the initial rate of conversion was examined . As the content increased, the reaction rate increased. But addition of water in organic solvent decreased therostability of enzyme . The best lauryl palmitate synthesis was achieved with water content of 0.2-0.4% reaction temperature of 4$0^{\circ}C$ and 45$^{\circ}C$ for Candida cylindracea lipase porcine, pancreatic lipase, respectively. when ester synthesis was carried out under the optimum conditions, the conversion yield of palmitate into lauryl palmitate after 70hrs reached 85% and 69 % for the Candida cylindracea lipase and porcine opancreatic lipase, respectivley.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2012년도 제45회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
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• pp.37-38
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• 2012

Two catalyst systems with different content of precious metal coated on DOC are carefully tested in a diesel engine to investigate the emission characteristics of $NO_2$. Three types of experiment methods ($NO_2$ conversion test, ETC mode test, and BPT test) are applied to compare the performance of the two catalyst systems. All the experimental results consistently indicate that it is possible to satisfy $NO_x$ regulation by properly lowering the content of precious metal without the loss of PM removal performance.