• 한국연초학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.124-130
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• 1998

This study was conducted to evaluate the ability of anion generating air cleaner to remove gases, vapor and particles from closed room contaminated with environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). The measurements covered particle sizes of 13.8-542.5nm, particle concentration, surface area, volumes UVPM, FPM, solanesol, and the following gases and vapor; carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nicotine, and 3-ethenylpyridine. Tobacco smoke was generated and mixed in a closed room in which the airflow rates were in the range of 0.00-0.04 m/s. The anion generating air cleaner was startedl and the decay rates for the gases, vapor and particles were measured, When the use of anion generating air cleaner, solid components of ETS, such as respirable suspended particle (RSP), utraviolet particulate matter (UVPM, fluorescent particulate matter (FPM) and solanesol was sharply decreased, and vapor phase components of ETS, such as nicotines 3-ethenylpyidine were modelately decreased by time elapse. Even the use of anion generation air cleaner, the decreasing rate of carbon dioxide concentration was similar with control, and the decreasing rate of carbon monoxide was slower than that of control. Our results indicated that the use of anion generting air cleaner had an effect on reduction of solid and vapor components from ETs, but it had no effect on gaseous components of ETS.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.216-221
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• 2015

Since Patient Zero of MERS was diagnosed in May 20, 2015, cases of MERS continued to grow. The current situation, which people have been confirmed to be infected, suggested that contaminated indoor air could be the potential cause of hospital-acquired infections. It is important to address the indoor air quality in hospitals because pathogens can spread through air. While the heating, ventilating and air conditioning(HVAC) system is useful managing indoor air quality in hospitals, it can transmit the pathogens if operated improperly. Therefore, it is necessary to remove contaminants in hospitals and operate the HVAC system according to the guidelines, in order to maintain clean indoor air.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.353-359
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• 2013

본 연구의 목표는 압축공기분사시스템을 이용하여 원유로 유출이 된 해안을 정화함에 있어서 그 정화효율성과 정화 전후의 총석유탄화수소(total petroleum hydrocarbon; TPH) 농도 및 미생물군집변화를 관찰함으로써 그 최적 정화과정을 이해하기 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 하는 것이다. 압축공기제트시스템을 2-5회 연속적용 시 오염지의 TPH가 약 66%까지 저감이 된 반면에 대조구인 해수를 펌핑한 경우에는 40% 정도의 저감효과가 관찰이 되었다. 압축공기의 분사 후 PCR-DGGE에 의한 미생물군집분석 결과에서는 유류분해미생물의 군집은 확인이 되지 않았다. 이는 정화에 의한 낮은 TPH 농도(약 100 mg/kg 수준, 탄소원), 처리환경에 내재적인 제한적인 질소 및 인의 농도에 기이한 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 잔여분의 유류는 에어제트시스템을 적용시 제한적 영양염류(질소 및 인 등)를 적절한 방식과 농도로 투여할 경우 거의 완전하게 제거가 가능할 것으로 사료된다. 향후 본 기술은 고농도의 유류 및 유기물로 오염된 다양한 수질환경 및 토양환경의 효율적이고 환경친화적인 정화에 활용이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.482-488
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• 2000

(hfac) Cu(1,5-COD)(1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluro-2,4-pentadionato Cu(I) 1,5-cyclooctadine) 증착원을 이용하여 MOCVD(metal organic chemical vapor deposition)로 Cu 박막을 형성시키고, MOCVD에 의한 TiN 기판 변화가 Cu 증착에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 공기 중에 노출시킨 기판은 MOCVD 에 의한 Cu 핵생성 및 초기성장에 영향을 미쳐 입자크기가 작고, 입자간의 연결성이 떨어졌으며, in-situ MOCVD Cu의 경우는 입자크기가 크고, 입자간의 연결성이 우수하여 1900$\AA$ 이상의 두께에서는 $2.0{\mu}{\Omega}-cm$ 정도의 낮은 비저항을 유지하였다. 또한 접착력에서는 in-situ MOCVD TiN 의 경우가 보다 우수하였다. 이와 같은 결과를 토대로 MOCVD Cu 성장단계를 제시하였다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2009

대수층에 존재하는 휘발성 오염물질을 제거하는 새로운 공법으로서 Surfactant-enhanced air sparging(SEAS)은 지하수의 표면장력을 감소함으로써 지하수 폭기효율의 증대를 도모한다. 그러나 SEAS기술도 기본적으로 오염물질의 휘발에 의한 물질이동에 의존함으로써 휘발성이 낮은 오염물질의 제거에는 매우 제한적이다. 본 연구는 승온된 조건에서 SEAS기술을 준휘발성 물질인 n-decane에 대하여 적용함으로써 SEAS기술의 확장여부를 시험하였다. 지하수 폭기실험은 내경 5 cm, 길이 80 cm의 1차원 토양(모래)컬럼을 사용하여 실시하였다. 실험은 총 3회 실시하였으며, 상온에서 증류수로 포화된 조건에서 1회, 상온($23^{\circ}C$)에서 음이온계 계면활성제(sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, SDBS) 수용액으로 포화된 조건에서 1회(상온 SEAS), 그리고 승온상태($73^{\circ}C$)에서 SDBS수용액으로 포화된 조건에서 1회(승온 SEAS) 실시하였다. 계면활성제가 적용된 경우의 폭기에 의한 공기포화율(57%)은 증류수로 포화된 조건의 공기포화율(10%)보다 높게 측정되었다. 승온 및 상온조건에서의 공기포화율은 거의 차이가 없었으나 n-decane의 제거속도는 현저한 차이를 나타내었다. 토양유출 가스에 포함된 n-decane의 농도는 상온조건에 비하여 승온조건에서 10배 이상 높았으며, 따라서 제거속도도 10배 이상의 차이를 나타내었다. 본 연구 결과에 따라 상온에서 휘발성이 낮으나 수 십도의 온도상승으로 증기압이 획기적으로 늘어날 수 있는 준휘발성 물질에 대하여 SEAS 기술이 효과적으로 응용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.201-210
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• 2012

The bioavailability of sorbed organic contaminants is one of the most important factors used to determine their fate in the environment. This study was conducted to evaluate the bioavailability of slow-desorbable naphthalene in soils. An air sparging system was utilized to remove dissolved (or desorbed) naphthalene continuously and to limit the bacterial utilization of dissolved naphthalene. A biological air sparging system (air sparging system with bacteria) was developed to evaluate the bioavailability of the slow-desorption fraction in soils. Three different strains (Pseudomonas putida G7, Pseudomonas sp. CZ6 and Burkholderia sp. KM1) and two soils were used. Slow-desorbable naphthalene continuously decreased under air sparging; however, a greater decrease was observed in response to the biological air sparging system. Enhanced bioavailability was not observed in the Jangseong soil. Overall, the results of this study suggests that the removal rate of slow-desorbable contaminants may be enhanced by inoculation of degrading bacteria into an air sparging system during the remediation of contaminated soils. However, the enhanced bioavailability was found to depend more on the soil properties than the bacterial characteristics.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.541-543
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• 2004

An optimal soot blowing system has been developed for an optimal operation of power utility boilers by both minimization of the use of steam and the number of soot blowers worked during soot blowing. Traditionally, the soot blowing system has been operated manually by operators. However, it causes the reduction of power and thermal performance degradation because all soot blowers installed in the plant should be worked simultaneously even there are lots of tubes those are not contaminated by slagging or fouling. Heat transfer area is divided into four groups, furnace, convection area including superheater, reheater and economizer, and air preheater in the present study. The condition of cleanness of the tubes is calculated by several parameters obtained by sensors. Then, a part of soot blowers works automatically where boiler tubes are contaminated. This system has been applied in a practical power plant. Therefore, comparison has been done between this system and manual operation and the results are discussed.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.193-199
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• 1997

From several industrial wastewaters, 14 bacterial strains which degrade benzene, toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, or p-xylene (BTX) were obtained. These strains were characterized as to their species composition and the substrate range, kinetic parameters and the substrate interactions were investigated. Although BTX components have a similar chemical structure, isolated strains showed different substrate ranges and kinetic parameters. None of the strains could degrade all of BTX components and most of them showed an inhibition (Haldane) kinetics on BTX, BTX mixtures were removed under inhibitory substrate interactions with variation in the intensity of inhibition. For a complete degradation of BTX, a defined mixed culture containing three different types of patyways was constructed and all of the BTX components were simultaneously degraded with the totla removal rate of 225.69 mg/g biomass/h Judging from the results, the obtained mixed culture seems to be useful for the treatment of BTX-contaminated wastewater or groundwater as well as for the removal of BTX from the contaminated air stream.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 임시총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.29-32
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• 2004

Gaseous partitioning tracer test has been used for determining the volume and spatial distribution of residual non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) in the unsaturated soils. In this study, an experimental method for measuring the content of gas-exposed NAPL as well as that of total NAPL in a sand during air sparging was developed. Two different gaseous phase NAPL-partitioning tracers were used; n-pentane, with very low water solubility, was used as the tracer that partitions into NAPL that is only in contact with the mobile gas, and chloroform, with fairly good water solubility, was selected for detecting total NAPL content in the sand. Helium and difluromethanewere used as the non- reactive tracer and water-partitioning tracers, respectively. Using n-decane as a model NAPL (NAPL saturation of 0.018), 25.6% of total NAPL was detected by n-pentane at the water saturation of 0.68. Oniy 9.1% of total NAPL was detected by n-pentane at the water saturation of 0.84. This result implies that the quantity of gas-exposed NAPL increased about three times when the water saturation decreased from 0.84 to 0.68. At the water saturation of 0.68, more than 90% of total NAPL was detected by chloroform while 65.8% of total NAPL was detected by chloroform at the water saturation of 0.84. Considering that the removal rate of NAPL during air sparging for NAPL-contaminated aquifer is expected to be greatly dependent upon the spatial arrangement of NAPL phase with respect to the mobile gas, this new approach may provide useful information for investigating the mass transfer process during air-driven remedial processes fer NAPL-contaminated subsurface environment.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.499-505
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• 2006

Bioventing efficiency was compared in a continuous and an intermittent(6hr injection and 6hr rest) air injection mode. Two lab-scale columns which packed with 5 kg of soil artificially contaminated by diesel oil were operated. The columns were maintained at the $25^{\circ}C{\pm}2.5$ in order to minimize the effect of exterior temperature variation. The flow rate of air injection mode were maintained constantly at the flow rate of 10 ml/min. The moisture of the columns was stably maintained at $60{\sim}80%$ of field capacity. The nutrient compounds were added to make C:N:P ratio as 100:10:l. The continuous and intermittent injection modes showed 67.56% and 69.63% reduction of initial TPH concentration during 90 days, respectively. Two venting modes showed similar results in the analysis of the trends of the hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial counts for operating periods. The carbon dioxide production rate of the continuous injection mode was higher than that of intermittent injection mode. The loss of diesel oil by volatilization in the continuous and intermittent injection modes were about 5% and 1%, respectively. The lower volatilization loss in the intermittent injection mode suggested that the biodegradation of TPH in the intermittent injection mode was greater than that of the continuous mode. These results suggested that the intermittent injection mode is more efficient than the continuous venting mode.