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Removal of NAPL from Aquifer Using Surfactant-enhanced Air Sparging at Elevated Temperature  

Song, Young-Su (Dept. of Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Institute of Energy and Environment, Hallym University)
Kwon, Han-Joon (Dept. of Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Institute of Energy and Environment, Hallym University)
Kim, Heon-Ki (Dept. of Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Institute of Energy and Environment, Hallym University)
Publication Information
Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment / v.14, no.6, 2009 , pp. 87-94 More about this Journal
Abstract
Surfactant-enhanced air sparging (SEAS) was developed to suppress the surface tension of groundwater prior to air sparging resulting in higher air saturation and larger contact area between NAPL and gas during air sparging. Larger contacting interface between NAPL and gas means faster mass transfer of contaminants from NAPL to gas phase. This new technique, however, is limited to relatively volatile contaminants because vaporization is its basic mechanism of mass transfer. In this study, SEAS was tested at an elevated temperature for a semi-volatile n-decane, which is expected not to be a good candidate of SEAS application due to its low vapor pressure at ambient temperature. Three sparging experiments were conducted using 1-dimensional column (5 cm id, 80 cm length) packed with sand; (1) ambient temperature ($23^{\circ}C$), column saturated with distilled water, (2) SEAS at ambient temperature ($23^{\circ}C$), for n-decane contaminated sand, (3) SEAS at elevated temperature ($73^{\circ}C$), for n-decane contaminated sand. Higher air saturation was achieved by SEAS compared to that by air sparging without surfactant application. The n-decane removal efficiency of SEAS at elevated temperature was significantly higher(> 10 times) than that of ambient SEAS. The n-decane concentrations in the gas effluent from column during SEAS at $73^{\circ}C$ are found to be 10 times of those measured at ambient temperature. Thus, SEAS technique can be applied for removal of semi-volatile contaminants provided that an appropriate technique for elevating aquifer temperature is available.
Keywords
Groundwater; Remediation; Surfactant; Sparging; NAPL; Volatilization; Temperature;
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