• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.493-501
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• 2014

An automated lifting vehicle(ALV) used in an automated container terminal is a type of unmanned vehicle that can self-lift a container as well as self-transport it to a destination. To operate a fleet of ALVs efficiently, one needs to be able to determine a minimum-time route to a given destination whenever an ALV is to start its transport job. To find a route free from any collision or deadlock, the occupation time of the ALV on each segment of the route should be carefully scheduled to avoid any such hazard. However, it is not easy because not only the travel times of ALVs are uncertain due to traffic condition but also the operation times of cranes en route are not predicted precisely. In this paper, we propose a routing method based on an ant colony optimization algorithm that takes into account these uncertainties. The result of simulation experiment shows that the proposed method can effectively find good routes under uncertainty.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.317-323
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• 2006

This paper deals with High Stacking System(HSS) development to develop a next generation port handling system for accommodating mega-sized container ships. It aims to develop the HSS that maximizes handling capacity within the limited space of the port. The system is expected to resolve the problem of yard space shortage as well as utilize innovative technology to ensure high-performance and automation at the terminal so as to enhance stevedoring productivity. The main objectives of this paper is suggesting the design concept drawing the HSS terminal and simulation analysis was undertaken taking into consideration performance of handling equipment, and port handling system Design concept drawing of the HSS terminal and will be used as base data for basic design and detailed design in actual operations of the terminal in the future. The HSS, to be applied to both conventional and new terminals, is expected to act as a catalyst for enhancing the value-added at ports.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.237-246
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• 2015

In this paper, Improved productivity models of container terminal are provided by utilizing a simulation considering Tandem-lift Quay Crane and transport vehicle of container's high productivity 'Alternative ship-to-yard vehicles.' Feature of this method is deriving the data of tandem-lift Quay Crane and Alternative ship-to-yard vehicles, estimating the productivity model of tandem-lift Quay Crane by using regression analysis. Tandem-lift Quay Crane is equipment of loading and unloading to increase productivity approximately by 2 time existing (single, twin) Quay Crane by dealing with four 20ft containers or two 40ft containers at the same. Alternative ship-to-yard vehicles can transfer containers(4TEU) more than existing Yard Tractor. This paper is deriving the optimal combination showing the highest productivity by using simulation considering Tandem-lift Quay Crane and Alternative ship-to-yard vehicles on container terminals and developing estimating model of productivity by using regression analysis using data of simulation.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.102-108
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to develop a proactive methodology for disruption due to uncertainty in vessels' arrival time. As worldwide imports and exports increased rapidly, the importance of berth planning in container terminals has increased accordingly. Since the berth plan determines the capacity of the container terminal, it aims to maximize efficiency by minimizing the time and space gap between the vessels. In reality, several uncertainties disrupt the initial berth plan resulting in economic losses. In this study, we propose a robust berth plan for preventing disruption.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.91-106
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• 2015

This study aims to analyze the effects of service quality offered by automotive Ro-Ro terminal operators on customer satisfaction and loyalty. The results of the research can be used to understand how to enhance the service level in order to manage competitiveness of the terminal operators, finally resulting in global competitiveness of the automobile industry of Korea in both exports and imports. We carried out a survey on two groups: shippers (customers) and providers (related terminal operators and stakeholders). To identify and classify the factors into groups, we conducted Exploratory Factors Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), which showed construct validity and convergent validity. We also calculated Cronbach's alpha for reliability. Five factor groups were identified: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. We found that empathy is the most influential factor group among the five groups, and that the other groups too exhibited similar effects. Based on the results of the survey and analyses, we can conclude that empathy is most important in automotive Ro-Ro terminals. In particular, specialties, training, experiences, and loyalty of employees are crucial factors because automotive Ro-Ro terminals significantly rely on work forces, differently from other bulk terminals and container terminals. Flexible working hours and fringe benefits for work forces can increase empathy, finally resulting in productivity and efficiency. Next, well-designed work schedules are followed, based on visibility through logistics and SCM activities in automobile export and import processes with information and communication networks.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.223-230
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• 2016

While marine transport freight is steadily increasing, people are more interested in terminals handling cargo. But the domestic researches on terminals were almost on container terminal. This study attempted to study the service quality for bulk terminals. The users of bulk terminal services were divided into shipowners and shippers to compare their differences by using bulk terminal service provided. During the attributions proposed in this study, Tangibles were descripted by the numbers of berth or depth, facilities, and so on. So it was suitable to consider the tangibles by formative indicators. And also this study has tried using "reflective model" and "formative model" to make a measurement model for comprehensive analyses. The results showed that all of the items were significant except the relation between empathy and performance satisfaction in the overall measurement model analyses. User groups difference analyses results have showed that the trust responsiveness impact on performance satisfaction was more importantly assessed by shippers than by shipowners. It was expected to use the results of this study as a good strategic resource to help bulk terminal administrators make various expansion plans to improve the bulk terminal's competitiveness in the future.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.1071-1074
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• 2005

This paper suggests how can we guarantee terminal quality of service like ship waiting time ratio and ship residing time applying RFID(Radio Frequence IDentification) technology, raising up rapidly as a fundamental solution of new growing industry, to port information system. Also, lead time of whole port logistics can be decreased for reduction of loading & discharging time resulted from productivity improvement of G/C(Gantry Crane) and YT(Yard Tract) etc as applying RFID technology to terminal operation.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.635-640
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• 2004

In this paper, a tracking algorithm for autonomous navigation of automated guided vehicles (AGVs) operating in container terminals is presented. The developed navigation algorithm takes the form of a federated information filter used to detect other AGVs and avoid obstacles using fused information from multiple sensors. Being equivalent to the Kalman filter (KF) algebraically, the information filter is extended to N-sensor distributed dynamic systems. In multi-sensor environments, the information-based filter is easier to decentralize, initialize, and fuse than a KF-based filter. It is proved that the information state and the information matrix of the suggested filter, which are weighted in terms of an information sharing factor, are equal to those of a centralized information filter under the regular conditions. Numerical examples using Monte Carlo simulation are provided to compare the centralized information filter and the proposed one.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2007.12a
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• pp.226-227
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• 2007

Significant increase of container flows in marine terminals requires more efficient automatic port systems. This paper presents a novel routing and collision avoidance algorithm of linear motor based shuttle cars using random access sequence dynamic programming (RAS DP). The proposed RAS DP is accomplished online for determining optimal paths for each shuttle car.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.336-345
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• 2006

최근 컨테이너 선박의 대형화는 물동량을 크게 증가 시켰으며, 이로 인해 컨테이너 터미널에서는 규모의 경제를 달성하고, 선사의 요구를 만족시키기 위해 노력하고 있다. 이에 대한대안이 양현부두(Indented berth)의 등장이다. 양현부두에는 대형 컨테이너선의 물량을 신속히 처리하기 위해 선석에서 컨테이너를 취급하는 장비인 안벽크레인(Quay Crane : QC)의 작업 대수가 일반부두(Conventional berth)보다는 많이 할당될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 일반부두와 양현부두의 작업 생산성을 비교하였다. 이를 위하여 탐색기법인 GRASP(Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure)를 적용한 안벽크레인 일정계획 알고리즘을 이용하였다. 또한 컨테이너 터미널의 실제 자료를 이용하여 두 가지 형태의 부두에서의 본선작업 완료시간을 비교 하였다.