• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.695-702
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• 2006

본 연구는 콘크리트 포장에 복륜 단축, 복륜 복축, 복륜 삼축 등 복륜 다축 차량 하중이 작용할 때 포장의 응력 분포와 최대 응력을 변환영역에서의 해석법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 우선 변환영역에서의 해석법을 이용한 결과와 유한요소법을 이용한 결과를 비교하여 해석법의 정확성을 파악하였다. 그리고 종방향과 횡방향을 따라 응력의 분포형태를 분석하고, 콘크리트 슬래브의 두께, 콘크리트 탄성계수, 지반 탄성계수 등이 응력 분포에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 또한 하중 접지면적과 연관된 하중 접지압의 변화에 따른 콘크리트 포장의 응력 분포도 분석하였으며 콘크리트 포장에서 최대 응력이 어느 위치에서 발생하는지에 대한 연구도 수행하였다. 연구 결과 다축 하중에 의한 콘크리트 포장의 최대 응력은 콘크리트의 탄성계수가 증가할수록, 슬래브의 두께가 감소할수록, 그리고 지반 탄성계수가 감소할수록 증가하였다. 이러한 변수 등이 변할 때 축수에 따른 최대 응력 비율의 변화는 대체적으로 미소하지만 지반 탄성계수가 작을 때는 축수가 증가 할수록 최대 응력 비율이 급격히 증가한다. 횡방향의 최대 응력 발생 위치는 일반적으로는 접지압이 증가하면 바깥쪽에서 안쪽으로 이동하며 콘크리트 탄성계수나 슬래브 두께가 증가하거나 지반 탄성계수가 감소할 때도 최대 응력 발생 위치는 바깥쪽에서 안쪽으로 이동한다. 종방향 상의 최대 응력 위치는 하중 접지압에 영향을 받지 않으며 단축과 복축 하중일 경우는 축의 위치이며 삼축 하중일 경우에는 콘크리트 탄성계수나 슬래브 두께가 증가하던지 또는 지반 탄성계수가 감소하면 최대 응력이 생기는 종방향 위치가 양쪽 바깥축에서 중간축의 위치로 바뀌게 된다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.148-155
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• 2008

The aim of the study is to interpret the distribution of occlusal force by 3-dimensional finite element analysis of ISP(Implant Supported Prosthesis) supported by minimum number of implant to restore the edentulous patients. For this study, the Astra Tech implant system is used. Geometric modeling for 6 and 4 fixture ISP group is performed with respect to the bone, implant and one piece superstructure, respectively. Implants are arbitrarily placed according to the anatomical limit of lower jaw and for the favorable distribution of occlusal force, which is applied at the end of cantilever extension of ISP with 30mm. Element type is tetrahedral for finite element model and the typical mechanical properties, Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of each material, cortical, cancellous bone and implant material are utilized for the finite element analysis. From this study, we can see the distribution of equivalent stress equal to real situation and speculate the difference in the stress distribution in the whole model and at each implant fixture, From the analysis, the area of maximum stress is distributed on distal contact area between bone and fixture in the crestal bone. The maximum stress is 53MPa at the 0.2mm area from the bone-implant interface in the maximum side for 300N load condition for 4 fixture case, which is slightly less than the stress calculated from allowable strain. This stress has not been deduced to directly cause the loss of crestal bone around implant fixture, but the stress can be much reduced as the old peoples may have lower chewing force. Thus, clinical trial may be performed with this treatment protocol to use 4 fixtured ISP for old patients.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.327-335
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the load distribution and contact safety factor for the power take off (PTO) gear of a 71 kW class agricultural tractor. In this study, a simulation model of the PTO gear-train was developed using Romax DESGINER. The face load factor and contact safety factor were calculated using ISO 6336:2006. The simulation time was set at 2,736 hours considering the lifetime of the tractor, and the simulation was performed for each PTO gear stage at the engine rated power conditions. As a result of the simulation, the face load factors for the driving gear at the PTO 1^st, 2^nd and 3^rd stages were 1.644, 1.632, and 1.341, respectively. The contact safety factors for the driving gear at the PTO 1^st, 2^nd and 3^rd stages were 1.185, 1.216, and 1.458, respectively. As the PTO gear stage was increased, the face load factor decreased, and the contact safety factor increased. The load distributions for all the PTO gears were concentrated to the right of the tooth width. This causes stress concentrations and shortens the lifespan of the gears. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the face load factor and the contact safety factor with macro-geometry and micro-geometry.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.249-261
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• 1997

A basic study on the lifting lug design has performed through the rational and systematic process. In order to evaluate the proper design-load distribution around lug eye investigation of contact force between lifting lug and shackle pin is performed using non-linear parametric analysis idealized by gap element models. Gap element modeling and nonlinear analysis procedures are illustrated and discussed based on MSC/NASTRAN. Some analysis and design guides are suggested through the consideration of several important effects such as stress distribution pattern, circumferential contact force distribution along the lug eye face, loading share rate between lug main plate and doubler, effect of loading direction, relation between applied force and deflection and size effect of shackle pin radius. Additionally optimum design studies are performed and general trends according to the variation of design parameters are suggested.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 2002년도 proceedings of the second asia international conference on tribology
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• pp.229-230
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• 2002

This paper presents the hot spot behaviors on the rubbing surface of ventilated disk brake by using finite element method. The depth of asperities on the rubbing surface is usually $2-3\;{\mu}m$ so the real contact area is microscopically. Non-uniform contacts between the disk and the pads lead to high local temperatures, which may cause the material degradation, and develops hot spots, thermal cracking, and brake system failures at the end. High contact asperity flash temperatures in rubbing systems, which is strongly related to the hot spot. It was generally known that high temperature over about $700^{\circ}C$ may form martensite on the cast iron which is material for automotive disk brakes. In this paper, the contact stress, temperature distribution and strain have been presented for the specific asperities of real contact area microscopically by using coupled thermal-mechanical analysis technique.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.82-88
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• 1994

This paper deals with a FEM computation as well as measurement of the contact force and distribution of the temperature in rubber lip seals when the sealing interference between the rotating shaft and the lip edge is present. The study of the contact forces and distributions of the temperature and the sealing contact stress has always been one of the basic steps in the process of designing a lip seal. The calculated FEM results indicate that as the sealing interference increases, the contact force moderately increases compared with decreased sealing interference at the seal lip edge and radically increases the contacting width. And the FEM computation of oontact forces including nonlinear problems has been compared with experimental measurements with good agreement. The frictional heat does not dissipate promptly in the rubber seal lip and tends to accumulate at the contacting lip edge especially.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2012

연구 목적: 본 연구는 3차원 유한요소분석을 통해 특징적인 내부연결구조를 갖는5종의 임플란트의 고정체와 지대주의 연결방식에 따른 응력분산을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 본 실험을 위한 유한요소모델은 하악 제1대구치부에 임플란트가 식립되고 상부구조물로 3형 금합금을 사용하는 것으로 가정하였다. 응력분산은 200 N의 하중이 교합면의 중심, 중심에 1.5 mm 외측, 중심에서 3.0 mm 외측에 수직으로 가해지고 임플란트의 장축과 $30^{\circ}$의 각도로 경사하중이 가해지도록 하여 분석하였다. 유한요소모델에 대한 해석작업은 3G.Author (PlassoTech, California, USA)를 사용하여 이뤄졌다. 결과: 경사가 없는 내부계단 구조를 가지는 DAS tech의 임플란트의 경우, 내부연결구조를 갖는 다른 임플란트에 더 유리한 응력분산을 보였다. 하중이 임플란트 고정체의 외형선 이내에 가해지는 경우와 비교하여 외형선 바깥이나 경사력으로 전해지는 경우 더 높은 응력을 보였으며 하중조건과 관계없이 임플란트 고정체보다는 지대주에 더 큰 응력이 집중되었다. 결론: 교합력이 가해졌을 때 응력분산은 임플란트의 연결부의 형태와 하중이 가해지는 위치에 따라 달라졌으며 내부계단 구조를 가지는 DAS tech의 임플란트를 사용한 경우와 고정체의 외형선 이내에 하중이 가해졌을 경우에 더 유리한 응력분산을 보였다.

• 지질공학
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.215-224
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• 1998

LVDT에 의해 전체변형율이 측정되었고, 국부적 변형율은 변형율게이지에 의해 측정되었다. 또한 공시체에서의 응력 분포를 알기 위하여 유한요소법에 의한 축대칭 탄소성 해석을 하였다. 단면구속영향을 고려하면 H/D=1인 경우에 특히 구속영향을 크게 받는다. 또한 공시체 직경에 대한 공시체 길이가 길어질수록 영향을 적게 받는다는 것을 알 수 있다. 공시체와 재하판과의 접촉면에서 응력 및 변위 분포는 접촉하고 있는 두 재료의 탄성계수비와 접촉면의 마찰저항에 크게 좌우된다. 즉 암석공시체에 대한 재하판의 영향은 경암에서보다 연암에서 더 현저하다 또한 단면구속이 변형율 분포에 미치는 영향 및 치수효과는 강성이 큰 암석에서 현저하게 나타난다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2005

A comparative study of stress distributions in the maxillary bone with three different types of abutment was conducted. Finite element analysis was adopted to determine stress generated in the bone with the different implant systems with micro threads (Onebody type implant, Internal type implant, and External type implant). It was found that the types of abutments and the number of micro threads have significant influence on the stress distribution in the maxillary bone. They were due to the difference in the load transfer mechanism and the size of contact area between abutment and fixture. Also the maximum effective stress in the maxillary bone was increased with increasing inclination angle of load. It was concluded that the maximum effective stress in the bone was the lowest by the internal implant among the maximum effective stresses by other two types of implants and by appropriate number of micro threads, and that the specific number of micro thread was existed to decrease the maximum effective stress in the maxillary bone due to different implant systems and loading conditions.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.141-170
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• 1991

This study was to analyze the displacement and the magnitude and mode of distribution of the stresses in the lower overdenture, the mucous membrane, the abutment teeth and the mandibular supporting bone when various abutment designs were subjected to different loading schemes. For this study, the two-dimensional finite element method was used. The models of overdenture and mandibe with the canine and the second premolar remaining, were fabricated. In the first design, a 1 mm space was prepared between the denture and the dome abutment with the height of 2 mm(OS). In the second design, a contact between the denture and the occlusal third of the dome abutment with the hight of 2 mm was prepared(OC). In the third design, a 0.5 mm space was prepared between the denture and 8 degree tapered cylindrical abutments with the height of 7 mm(TS). In the fourth design, a contact between the denture and the occlusal two thirds of the conical abutments with the height of 7 mm was prepared(TC). In order to represent the same physiological condition as the fixed areas of the mandible under loading schemes, the eight nodes which lie at the mandibular angle, the coronoid process and the mandibular condyle were assumed to be fixed. Each model was loaded with a magnitude of 10 Kgs on the first molar region (P1) and 7 Kgs on the central incisor region (P2) in a vertical direction. The force of 10 Kgs was then applied distributively from the first premolar to the second molar of each motel in a vertical direction (P3). The results were as follows: 1. The vertical load on the central incisor region(P2) produced the higher displacement and stress concentration than that on the posterior region(P1, P3). 2. The case of space between abutment and denture base produced higher displacement than that of contact, and the case of long abutment produced higher displacement than that of short abutment because of low rigidity of denture base. 3. The magnitude of the torque and vertical force to the abutment teeth and the stress distribution to the denture base was higher in the telescope coping than in the overdenture coping. 4. The vertical load on the central incisor region(P2) produced higher equivalent stress in the mandible than that on the posterior region(P1, P3). 5. The case of space between abutment and denture base produced better stress distribution to the farther abutment from the loading point than that of contact. 6. In case of sound abutment teeth, the type of telescope coping can be used, hilt in case of weak abutment, the type of overdenture coping is considered to be favorable generally.