• 사상체질의학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.63-78
• /
• 2011

1. Objectives: We aimed to propose a sub-classification system for the Taeeumin symptomatology by examining the Taeeumin pathology and symptomatology descriptions appearing in "Donguisusebowon". 2. Methods: The Gabo Edition and the Sinchuk Edition (the upgraded and revised edition) of "Donguisusebowon" were reviewed and examined for relevant information on the Taeeum pathology and symptomatology. 3. Results and Conclusions: 1) In the Taeeumin symptomatology, the Exterior disease develops from the basic pathology of Esophagus-Cold and the Interior disease from that of Liver-Heat, eventually progressing to damage of the expirational and dispersive energy of the Lung Sector, the Prime Core Organ or the excessively small organ of the Taeeum constitutional type. The resulting pathology can be broadly defined as the "Lung-Dryness symptomatology". 2) The case reports introduced in the Exterior disease section, including the Zhang Zhongjing Mahuang-tang treatment, Prolonged-affliction disease treatment, and Exterior disease Pestilential disease treatment, share several points in common. They all arise from the pathology of "weakness in the Lung sector and deficiency in the Exterior sector", and they can all be assigned to the same symptomatological division that presents with systemic heat and cold intolerance; this symptomatology can be defined as the "Esophagus-Cold symptomatology", the milder subdivision of the exterior symptomatology. 3) The body of text appearing in the last part of the Interior disease section commonly referred to as the "Taeeumin Conspectus" is in fact not a conspectus when its contents are actually examined. Instead, it can be understood from its pathological and symptomatological descriptions that the passage is explaining the more severe subdivision of the exterior symptomatology that has progressed from Esophagus-Cold to a pathology characterized by damaged expirational and dipersive energy of the Lung Sector. 4) The relocation of the "dry-related pathology" indicates a change in perspective regarding the "Dry-related symptomatology", which caused the rearrangement of the Interior disease into divisions of Liver-Heat symptomatology that is characterized by fulminant heat pathology and Dry-Heat symptomatology that is also accompanied by Lung-Dryness. 5) The Interior disease Yin-Blood Consumptive symptomatology should be included in the Dry-Heat symptomatology in the pathological scheme. 6) Based on the above, the subdivisions of the Taeeumin symptomatology should be arranged as "Esophagus-Cold symptomatology" and "Lung-Dry-Cold symptomatology" in the Exterior disease and "Liver-Heat symptomatology" and "Dry-Heat symptomatology" in the Interior disease.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
• /
• 제12D권7호
• /
• pp.947-956
• /
• 2005

소프트웨어(S/W) 재공학은 S/W의 생명주기의 연장을 통한 지속적인 비즈니스 가치 창출 및 궁극적인 S/W ROI(Return on Investment) 확대에 가장 효과적인 기술 중 하나이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 S/W 재공학은 비용 소모적이며, 그 효과 역시 미흡한 어려운 작업으로 인식되어 왔다. 사실, 빈번히 발생하는 유지보수 요구에 대해 레거시 시스템들을 일치성 없이 그때그때 확장, 수정함으로써, 기존 시스템 본연의 의도를 상실 시켜 S/W시스템 아키텍쳐가 존재하지 않는 난잡한 시스템으로 전환시키는 경우가 종종 발생하고 있다. 더욱이 급격히 변하는 시스템 환경과 복잡 다양해지는 고객의 요구를 충족시킬 수 있는 새로운 S/W 시스템들을 매번 적시에(Time-to-Market) 제공하기는 거의 불가능하다. 따라서, 새로운 IT 기술의 출현과 비즈니스 정보 모델의 다양한 변경, 시스템 처리 로직의 급격한 복잡성 증가 등의 변화에 적절히 대처하기 위해서는 조직의 주요 자산으로서 레거시 시스템의 활용을 극대화할 수 있는 체계적인 재공학이 요구된다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 레거시 시스템들의 가치를 극대화할 수 있는 체계적인 재공학 방법론 제공을 목적으로, 재공학의 초기 계획 단계에서부터 역공학 과정과 컴포넌트 변환 단계를 포함하는 재공학 프로세스와 그에 따른 구체적인 작업과 기법 및 산출물들을 명시한 레거시 시스템의 컴포넌트화 프로세스인 마르미-RE를 제안하고 간단한 사례적용 과정을 제시한다.

• 농촌계획
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.19-28
• /
• 2000

Now in order to overcome the weakest points of the rural areas of the city of Kimje and, transform them into rural cultural villages which have local governing systems suitable to new localization age and activate this plan, we selected Daesan Village as a model village which had shown a lot of potentials in the basic research and studied it dividing it into the former part and the latter part. We studied Daesan village in the former part focusing on state analysis and basic ideas and in the latter part focusing on master plan and detail planning. We can summarize the conclusion like the followings. 1. Daesan Village located 8 kilometer away from the downtown Kimje and the city of Iksan respectably has comparatively good environment of good sunny place as an open field whose surrounding configuration of the ground consists of farming lands and low hills in front and rear. It has 38 farming households in all. 2. Human environment(인문환경); the village road whose width is about 4 meters is forming a flow system forking off into three. There is a route bus which operates three times a day even into the inside of the village. The main sources of revenue are vegetables in facilities, fruits and floriculture. Their average revenue is about 10.5 million won. 3. Here in DaeSan Village a legend dealing with Teasan literally meaning a big mountain consist of th village's tradition and you can see the tombs of a very faithful son and Anwi an army general in the age of the Japanese Invasion of Korea of 1592 to 1598 inside the village. 4. 85 out of the eitire population 141 whose age are over 20 showed very positive attitudes in a questionnaire about, making the village a cultural one and its development. 5. The basic of planned ideas is to increase the revenue of the farming household by making the village a professional farming one which has a state-of the-art production facility and agricultural technique. It is to make the village the one where people can enjoy the sense of the rural life and the farmer can enjoy their lives through consumptive and consistant leisure and resting activities. 6. We are planning to make entrance space, life space, rest and sport space, and cultural space considering the characteristics of the village and the demand of the resident. We are also planning to make tile entire city of Kimje an information transmitting base in short and long term perspectives. 7. DaeSan Village was planned as a place where tradition and the future exist together. On the basis of this concept we planned future programs for Daesan Village and in the latter part of the study master plans and detail plans will be continued.the regional agricultural condition. The development permissions were only during the period of restricted to use ($1979.12{\sim}1993.11$). We propose that the authority of development permission should be given to the local autonomy government, because the local government has the knowledge of its individual agricultural conditions.

• 물과 미래
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.119-128
• /
• 1991

본 연구는 하천유지유량의 개념을 정립하여 기존의 하천유지유량 개념의 모호성 및 산정방법의 차이에서 오는 문제점을 방지하기 위한 것이다. 평균갈수량은 하천의 건천화 방지 등의 기능을 유지하기 위하여 하류에 흐르도록 보장해 주어야 할 유량으로 규정하였으며 환경보존유량은 하천환경의 적절한 보존을 위하여 주운, 염해 방지, 하천관리시설의 보호, 수질보전, 어업, 하구폐쇄의 방지, 지하수위의 유지, 동식물의 보호, 경관등에 필요한 유량으로 규정하였다. 이를 위하여 한강의 인도교 지점을 선정하여 유황분석을 실시하였으며 각 지점에 대하여 자연상태하의 평균갈수량을 산정하였다. 위에서 언급한 하천환경보존에 관련된 9가지 기능을 종합적으로 고려한 결과, 현재로서는 수질보전이 환경보존유량의 가장 중요한 기능으로 파악되었으며 유역에서 발생되는 오염부하량과 하천에 유입되는 오염부하량을 산정하고 이에 따른 주요 지점의 장래수질을 예측하였다. 또한 예측된 장래수질과 환경기준을 비교하여 인도교 지점의 적정회석유량을 산정하였다. 산정된 평균갈수량과 환경보존유량은 비소비성 유량이므로, 이 두 유량에서 큰 것을 택한 유량, 즉 Max. (평균갈수량, 환경보존 유량)을 하천유지유량으로 산정 제시하였다. 이 유량에 하류의 유수점용을 위하여 필요한 양, 즉 소비성 유량인이 수유량을 더하면 하천관리의 기준이 되는 하천관리유량을 설정할 수 있다. 본 연구결과는 한강뿐만 아니라 그 외의 주요 하천에 대해 체계적인 하천 관리를 수행하는데 기본 자료로서 크게 이바지 할 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.318-346
• /
• 1994

A Bibliographical study was done about lumbago in oriental internal Medicine. The results are as follows. 1. Shenxu,sexual active, senile, Feng, Han, Shi, shiji, Tanyin and Qi lumbago are applicable to internal medical lumbago in oriental medicine, and Shenxu is essential pathogenesis. 2. Shenxu lumbago is characterized by continous pain, improved after chiropsia, deep pulse in Chi pulse, and used QingeWan, LiuweiDihuangWan and AnshenWan in herb-medicine. and Cortex Eucommiae, Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata and Fructus Psoraleae in drugs for the purpose of ZishenYijing, and related to lumbago caused by chronic prostatitis, calculus or tumor in kidney and diabetes mellitus. 3. Sexual active lumbago is dim-aching and weak pain in or after sexual life at low back and knee joint, and classified to Shenyang Buzu, ShenjingKuisun. GanshenYinxu and XinshenBujiao ; Liuwei Dihuang Wan, ZuoguiWan In herb-medicine. Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum, Fructus Lycii and Fructus Corni in drug were used for treatment. 4. Senile Lumbago is a kind of consumptive disease due to exhaused essential energy and caused by lack of Shenjing, Yangqi ; and described as repeated mild dim pain and ErzhiWan, QingeWan and MoyaoGao were used frequently, supposed to connected with osteoporosis, osteomalacia and osteoarthropathy deformons caused by aging. 5. Feng lumbago is attacked by Liuyin, and characterized by chilling and fever. stabbing pain from thoracic and lumbar vertebrae to pedes, and used WujiXan, XiaoxumingTang for treatment. Han lumbago is caused by cold's attacking Shenjing, distinguished for chilling,icing sense improved by heat on low back, and used WujiXan, JiangfuTang. Shi lumbago is caused by damp's inflowing Shenjing, described as stone-like lumbago which was subsided low back pain growing worse by gloomy rain, and used ShenshiTang. ShenzhuTang for the purpose of ZaoshiXingqi. And it is supposed that lumbago occured in the initial of urinary track infection was belong to those of Feng,Han and Sill's. 6. Sillji lumbago is caused by pathogen being in the spleen and the stomach, and used ChenxiangJiangqiTang, PingweiSan for treatment. And it is supposed that it belong to lumbago caused by gastrointerstinal disease such as peptic ulcer. gastroduodenal tumor and colonic inflammatory disease. 7. Tanyin lumbago is caused by Tanyin's flowing meridian, characterized by thoracolumbar verterber's heaviness, covered sense with something on low back and painless massage. Kuaiqi-drug are added to ErchenTang, DaotanTang for treatment, and it supposed that Tanyin lumbago's belong to that accompanied with metabolic disease such as obesity and gout. 8. Qi lumbago is caused by excessive stress such as melancholy and fury, described as multiple stabbing pain, an unexpected on and improvement, ranging back pain until flank and abdomine. Tiaoqi-drugs were added to RenshenShunqiSan, WuyaoShunqiSan for treatment, and it supposed to connecting with emotional lumbago such as hysteria, feigned illness and anxiety psychosis.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.373-381
• /
• 2016

핸드크림이 국내 및 수입브랜드에 따른 소비자 구매인식과 피부 유, 수분량에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보기 위하여 수도권 지역의 여성 105명을 대상으로 핸드크림에 대한 사용현황과 구매현황, 인시에 대한 설문조사를 진행하였다. 이후 시장 조사를 토대로 핸드크림의 가격과 용량, 전 성분을 비교하였고, 고가와 저가, 수입 브랜드와 국내 브랜드로 나누어 17명의 임상실험 대상자를 선정하여 2주 동안 핸드크림 사용 전과 사용 후 수분과 유분, 수분 지속력을 측정하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 핸드크림이 가격과 브랜드가 품질에 미치는 영향이 크다고 생각하는 사람의 비율이 높았으며, 고가와 저가, 수입브랜드와 국내브랜드의 가격을 분석한 결과 1mg (g)당 가격이 최대 4배정도 차이가 나는 것으로 조사되었다. 전 성분을 비교한 결과 보습제인 글리세린과 피부 컨디셔닝제인 세테아릴알코올을 공통적으로 함유하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 임상실험 결과 제품 그룹별 유, 수분량의 변화는 유의하게 확인되었으나, 제품을 고가와 저가, 수입브랜드에 따른 수분과 유분량의 차이는 통계적으로 유의하지 않은 결과를 확인하였으며, 수분 지속력 역시 통계적으로 유의하지 않은 결과를 나타냈다. 이와 같은 결과는 가격과 브랜드의 차이가 피부의 유, 수분 함량에 미치는 영향과의 상관관계가 없음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 하루에도 여러번씩 사용하는 소비성이 뛰어난 제품임을 감암할 때 소비자의 니즈를 파악하여 핸드크림에 대한 제품 품질 향상에 기여할 수 있는 기초 자료가 될 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.68-80
• /
• 1987

콩의 생육시기별(生育時期別) 증발산량(蒸發散量)과 토양수분(土壤水分) 변화량(變化量)을 추정(推定)하기 위한 토양수분추정모형(土壤水分推定模型)을 설정(設定)하였으며 라이시미터 실험(實驗)을 통한 실측치(實測値)와 비교(比較)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 라이시미터 실험(實驗)을 통(通)하여 측정(測定)한 실제증발산량(實際蒸發散量)은 405.7mm 이었으며 Pan 증발량법(蒸發量法)과 Hargreaves식(式)에 의한 잠재증발산량(潛在蒸發散量)은 각각(各各) 547.8mm, 586.8mm이었다. 작물(作物)의 생육기간중(生育期間中) 작물계수(作物係數) K는 Table 1 과 같다. 2. 라이시미터 실험을 통한 전생육기간(全生育期間)(133일(日)) 동안의 실제증발산량(實際蒸發散量)은 405.7 mm이었으며 Pan 증발훈법(蒸發暈法)과 Hargreaves식(式)에 의해 추정(推定)된 실제증발산량(實際蒸發散量)은 각각(各各) 424.7mm, 426.1mm였다. 3. 콩의 생육기간별(生育期間別)로 10cm, 30cm, 50cm 깊이에서 관측된 토양수분변화(土壤水分變化)는 10 cm (첫 20cm 토층)에서는 변화(變化)가 크게 나타났으나 30 cm와 50 cm에서는 변화(變化)가 거의 없었다. 모형으로 추정(推定)된 토양수분변화(土壤水分變化)와 관측된 토양수분변화(土壤水分變化)사이에는 아직도 큰 차이가 있으므로 뿌리의 깊이별 토양수분소비형태(土壤水分消費形態)에 대한 연구(硏究)가 요구된다.

• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.47-58
• /
• 1984

The study results of the mosture consumption character and irrigation effect of tomato, red pepper and chinese cabbage, in case the soil moisture is kept with different moisture content by the soil properties(loam, sandy loam, sand), are summarized as follows: 1. The available rainfall under bare soil condition had an order of sand>sandy loam> loam and their average was 64.2%. 2. Total moisture consumption under bare soil condition had an order of loam>sandy loam>sand and their average was 4.2mm. 3. The amount of irrigated water to keep certain soil moisture under bare soil condition showed minimum in sand and maximum in loam. It is considered because the capillary phenomenon was more developed in loam. 4. Total moisture consumption of tomatoes under premature cultivation showed 925mm in maximum and had on order of loam>sandy loam>sand. In the aspect of re-irrigation point, it had an order of PF 1.5> PF 1.7>PF 2.1. In case the twenty years's drought frequency was taken into account, the target amount of irrigation water meeded for premature cultivation was 916mm and its average daily moisture consumption was 10.8mm. 5. Total moisture consumption of red pepper under open cultivation showed 1145mm in maximum and had an order of loam>Sandy loam>sand. In the aspect of re-irrigation frequency was taken into consideration the target amount of irrigation water was 1,174.8mm and its average daily moisture consumption was 8.0mm. 6. Total moisture consumption of autumn chinese cabbages was 349mm in maximum and had an order of loam>sandy loam>sand. In the aspect of re-irrigation point, it had an order of PF 1.5>PF 2.1>PF 2.7. In case the twenty year's drought frequency was taken into account, the target amount of irrigation water needed for chinese cabbage cultivation was 259.5mm and its average daily moisture consumption was 6.5mm. 7. It is effective to keep the soil moisture of tomato from PF 1.5 to PF 2.1 in loam and the soil moisture control was effective in sandy loam than red pepper and chinese cabbage. In sand, the production was severaly decreased and the re-irrigation point of PF 1.5 was effective.

• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.104-120
• /
• 1979

I. Title of the Study Studies on the Development of Improved Subsurface Drainage Methods. -Drainage Performance of Various Subsurface Drain Materials- II. Object of the Study Studies were carried out to select the drain material having the highest performance of drainage; And to develop the water budget model which is necessary for the planning of the drainage project and the establishment of water management standards in the water-logged paddy field. III. Content and Scope of the Study 1. The experiment was carried out in the laboratory by using a sand tank model. The drainage performance of various drain materials was compared evaluated. 2. A water budget model was established. Various parameters necessary for the model were investigated by analyzing existing data and measured data from the experimental field. The adaptability of the model was evaluated by comparing the estimated values to the field data. IV. Results and Recommendations 1. A corrugated tube enveloped with gravel or mat showed the highest drainage performance among the eight materials submmitted for the experiment. 2. The drainage performance of the long cement tile(50 cm long) was higher than that of the short cement tile(25 cm long). 3. Rice bran was superior to gravel in its' drain performance. 4. No difference was shown between a grave envelope and a P.V.C. wool mat in their performance of drainage. Continues investigation is needed to clarify the envelope performance. 5. All the results described above were obtained from the laboratory tests. A field test is recommended to confirm the results obtained. 6. As a water balance model of a given soil profile, the soil moisture depletion D, could be represented as follows; $$D=\Sigma\limit_{t=1}^{n}(Et-R_{\ell}-I+W_d)..........(17)$$ 7. Among the various empirical formulae for potential evapotranspiration, Penman's formular was best fit to the data observed with the evaporation pans in Jinju area. High degree of positive correlation between Penman;s predicted data and observed data was confirmed. The regression equation was Y=1.4X-22.86, where Y represents evaporation rate from small pan, in mm/100 days, and X represents potential evapotranspiration rate estimated by Penman's formular. The coefficient of correlation was r=0.94.** 8. To estimate evapotranspiration in the field, the consumptive use coefficient, Kc, was introduced. Kc was defined by the function of the characteristics of the crop soil as follows; $Kc=Kco{\cdot}Ka+Ks..........(20)$ where, Kco, Ka ans Ks represents the crop coefficient, the soil moisture coefficient, and the correction coefficient, respectively. The value of Kco and Ka was obtained from the Fig.16 and the Fig.17, respectively. And, if $Kco{\cdot}Ka{\geq}1.0,$ then Ks=0, otherwise, Ks value was estimated by using the relation; $Ks=1-Kco{\cdot}Ka$. 9. Into type formular, $r_t=\frac{R_{24}}{24}(\frac{b}{\sqrt{t}+a})$, was the best fit one to estimate the probable rainfall intensity when daily rainfall and rainfall durations are given as input data, The coefficient a and b are shown on the Table 16. 10. Japanese type formular, $I_t=\frac{b}{\sqrt{t}+a}$, was the best fit one to estimate the probable rainfall intensity when the rainfall duration only was given. The coefficient a and b are shown on the Table 17. 11. Effective rainfall, Re, was estimated by using following relationships; Re=D, if $R-D\geq}0$, otherwise, Re=R. 12. The difference of rainfall amount from soil moisture depletion was considered as the amount of drainage required. In this case, when Wd=O, Equation 24 was used, otherwise two to three days of lag time was considered and correction was made by use of storage coefficient. 13. To evaluate the model, measured data and estimated data was compared, and relative error was computed. 5.5 percent The relative error was 5.5 percent. 14. By considering the water budget in Jinju area, it was shown that the evaporation amount was greater than the rainfall during period of October to March in next year. This was the behind reasonning that the improvement of surface drainage system is needed in Jinju area.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2010

Objectives : It is necessary that the international classification of diseases (ICD) be examined in order to comprise the third revision of the Korean Classification of Disease on Oriental Medicine (KCD-OM) and disease classification in the oriental internal medicine field. It is essential that the selection, classification and definition of disease and pattern names of oriental concepts in internal medicine be clear. Since 2008, the fifth revision of the Korean Classification of Disease (KCD-5) has been used in Korea. It was required to use the reference classification from the Oriental medicine area based on the ICD-10. Methods : In this review, the necessity for, meaning of and content of the third revision are briefly described. The ICD system was reviewed and KCD-OM was reconstructed. How diagnosis in the oriental internal medicine area had changed is discussed. Review and Results : In 1973, the disease classification of oriental medicine was established the basis on the contents of Dongeuibogam. It was irrespective of the ICD. As to the classification system in the Oriental internal medicine field, systemic disease was comprised of wind, cold, warm, wet, dryness, heat, spirit, ki, blood, phlegm and retained fluid, consumptive disease, etc. Diseases of internal medicine comprised a system according to the five viscera and the six internal organs and followed the classification system of Dongeuibogam. The first and second revisions were of the classification system based on the curriculum in 1979 and 1995. In 1979, in the first revision, geriatric disease and idiopathic types of disease were deleted, and skin disease was included among surgery diseases. This classification was expanded to 792 small classification items and 1,535 detailed classification items to the dozen disease classes. In 1995, in the second revision, it was adjusted to 644 small classes and 1,784 detailed classification items in the dozen disease classes. KCD-OM3 did KCD from this basis. It added and comprised the oriental medical doctor's concept names of diseases considering the special conditions in Korea. KCD-OM3 examined the KCD-OMsecond revised edition (1994). It improved the duplex classification, improper classifications, etc. It is difficult for us to separate the disease names and pattern names in oriental medicine. We added to the U code and made one classification system. By considering the special conditions in Korea, 169 codes (83 disease name codes, 86 pattern name codes) became the pre-existence classification and links among 306 U codes of KCD-OM3. 137 codes were newly added in the third revision. U code added 3 domains. These are composed of the disease name (U20-U33, 97 codes), the disease pattern name (U50-U79, 191 codes) and the constitution pattern name of each disease (U95-U98, 18 codes). Conclusion : The introduction of KCD-OM3 conforms to the diagnostic system by which oriental medical doctors examine classes used with the basic structure of the reference classification of WHO and raises the clinical study and academic activity of the Korean oriental medicine and makes the production of all kinds of nation statistical indices possible. The introduction of KCD-OM3 promotes the diagnostic system by which doctors of Oriental medicine examine classes using the association with KCD-5. It will raise the smoothness and efficiency of oriental medical treatment payments in the health insurance, automobile insurance, industrial accident compensation insurance, etc. In addition, internationally, the eleventh revision work of the ICD has been initiated. It needs to consider incorporating into the International Classification of Diseases some of every country's traditional medicine.