• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.430-438
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• 2021

The spatial distribution of neutron flux or reaction rate was calculated by cell or mesh tally in traditional Monte Carlo simulation. However, either cell or mesh tally leads to the increase of memory consumption and simulation time. In this paper, the function expansion tally (FET) method was developed in Reactor Monte Carlo code RMC to solve this problem. The FET method was applied to the tallies of neutron flux distributions of uranium block and PWR fuel rod models. Legendre polynomials were used in the axial direction, while Zernike polynomials were used in the radial direction. The results of flux, calculation time and memory consumption of different expansion orders were investigated, and compared with the mesh tally. Results showed that the continuous distribution of flux can be obtained by FET method. The flux distributions were consistent with that of mesh tally, while the memory consumption and simulation time can be effectively reduced. Finally, the convergence analysis of coefficients of polynomials were performed, and the selection strategy of FET order was proposed based on the statistics uncertainty of the coefficients. The proposed method can help to determine the order of FET, which was meaningful for the efficiency and accuracy of FET method.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.77-88
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• 2016

Low-rise Residential neighborhoods of Hongdae area, Garosu-gil, Samchung-dong, Itawon etc. are currently emerging new spaces for cultural consumption in the city. Nonetheless undiscerning excessive commercialization often results in monotonous urban space and deportation of residents and leaders of change; Due to commercialization and popularization recently this phenomenon is influencing surrounding low-rise residential neighborhoods. The main objective of this study is to examine how surrounding low-rise residential neighborhood transforms according to the expansion of culture-commerce spaces. Hongdae area's culture-commerce spaces and its expansion into Yeonnam-dong is investigated in specific. Especially attributes and main causes of transformation in physical and experiential space of neighborhood living facilities and residential buildings, when changed into culture-commerce related use is examined in detail. The expansion of culture-commerce space of Hongdae to Yeonnam-dong area has positive meaning in aspects of everyday experience. First, physical alteration of street-building relation increases direct and indirect contact of people. Contact opportunity carries important meaning in sense that it is prerequisite for next stage contact of network and exchange. Second, culture-commerce related programs provide the third place, where various leisure activities can take place. Attributes of transformation and positive meaning of culture-commerce spaces expanding its territory presents the need of management.

• 에너지공학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1996

Coal consumption in Asia is projected to increase by about 1.3 billion tons over the 1993-2010 period. The expansion in coal consumption for electricity generation is the dominant factor in the large increase in coal consumption. Without effective control measures, the projected increase in coal consumption will have a serious impact on environmental effects of increased coal use in Asia. Thus, the introduction of appropriate CCTs is considered essential to achieving the twin goals of expanded use of coal decreased environmental impacts.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.19-31
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• 2013

As a result of analysis on situations of environment-friendly school meals, it was obtained that student's parents were interested in food safety and the importance of sanitary supervision. Many parents responded that environment-friendly school meals increased the health and eating habits of their children. The higher and higher educated parents responded that environment-friendly school meals effected on the children's health positively. Also, the higher educated parents responded that environment-friendly school meals effected on the children's eating habits positively. After the environment-friendly school meals, the item increase to purchase was vegetables by 25% of the consumers who purchase environment-friendly agri-products. The second and third increasing items were respectively fruits and rice. When environment-friendly agri-products were consumpted and influenced positively through school meals, the consumption of environment-friendly agricultural products will be increased. The expansion of environment-friendly school lunch program cannot bring the consumption expansion of environment-friendly agri-products immediately. However, when the persistent promotion and student's parents confidence on environment-friendly agri-products were accumulated and experienced positive effects through school meals, it will give a positive effect on the consumption of environment-friendly agr-products.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.745-756
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the clothing consumption expenditures by the business cycles in Korea during the period of first quarter of 1979 to second quarter of 1998. Business cycles were examined using data GNP from the National Accounts published by the Bank of Korea and clothing expenditures from the monthly statistics of Korea published by the National Statistical Office of Korea. Data were analyzed by regression analysis standard deviation sample cross-correlation coefficient and skewness statistics. The main results are as follows. 1. During the period of 1979.I-1998.II GNP and per-person consumption expenditures for clothing and shoes have continuously increased except during 1980 and the recent depression of the national economy. Clothing expenditures dropped severely during the two recent depression of the national economy. Clothing expenditure dropped severely during the two depression periods. Clothing expenditures were the highest in the fourth quarter and the lowest in the third quarter of the year. 2. According to the results of the regression analysis the business cycles had a significant influence on the clothing expenditures. the volatility of the clothing expenditure was 2.60 times higher than that of the business cycles. 3. Clothing expenditures displayed procyclical fluctuation and coincident movement to the business cycles. Also clothing expenditures showed an unsymmetric behavior over the expansion phases and contraction phases of the business cycles. That is the clothing expenditures increased slowly in the expansion phases and decreased quickly and severely in the contraction phases of the business cycles.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.145-158
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• 2022

Objectives: To identify changes in the subjects and methods of Herbal Medicine Consumption Survey, and analyze trend of the key results Methods: The population, methods, and items of the basic reports of all Surveys on Consumption of Herbal Medicine(HM) were organized in a time-series manner. The analysis items were trend in the purchase of standardized HM; consumption value share, and price of prepared HM; type of herbal dispensary; and awareness of HM policy in Koran Medicine(KM) institutions. Results: The price of HM preparations showed an upward trend in 2011, 2014, and 2017 surveys, and decreased in the 2020 survey. However, despite this recent decrease, the 2021 survey also saw the highest proportion of HM users reporting that price of herbal decoction is expensive. Furthermore, the demand for expanded coverage of herbal decoction was the greatest for the expansion of health insurance benefits. Efforts such as adjusting the number of covered diseases and the cost of health insurance coverage would be necessary. Regarding decoction dispensaries the proportion of HM hospitals using only extramural herbal dispensaries increased. Finally, the consumption of HM and the size of the HM industry has continued to expand due to the large-scale branding of KM institutions and the expansion of health insurance coverage. Conclusion: Future surveys must standardize and unify the items for the time-series continuity and compare the results with government statistics reports on HM to increase reliability. Moreover, specialized survey items may be developed for KM, to establish a better and efficient distribution system for domestic HMs.

• 정보처리학회논문지A
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• 제11A권7호
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• pp.489-498
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• 2004

VLIW 프로세서는 간단한 하드웨어 구조로 인해 저전력 및 고성능을 제공하여 임베디드 시스템에 매우 적합한 프로세서 구조로 인식되고 있다. 그러나 VLIW 프로세서는 동시에 수행 가능한 명령어들의 집합인 명령어 패킷 길이가 일정하지 않기 때문에 메모리 접근 지연 시간이 늘어나는 문제점을 안고 있다. 이는 가변 길이의 명령어 패킷으로 인해 일부 명령어 패킷이 두개의 캐쉬 블록에 걸쳐 있게 되고(스트래들 명령어 패킷), 이러한 명령어 패킷을 읽어 오기 위해 두 번의 캐쉬 접근이 요구되기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 명령어 인출 대역폭을 높여줄 뿐만 아니라 명령어 캐쉬의 전력 소모를 낮춰주는 확장 버퍼 캐쉬를 제안한다. 확장 버퍼 캐쉬는 메인 캐쉬와 함께 스트래들 명령어 패킷의 일부를 저장하기 위한 소량의 확장 버퍼 캐쉬를 갖고 있으며 스트래들 명령어 패킷으로 인해 추가적으로 발생하는 캐쉬 접근을 줄여준다. 실험 결과 스트래들 명령어 패킷으로 인한 캐쉬 접근을 줄여 줌으로써 확장 버퍼 캐쉬는 기존 명령어 캐쉬에 비해 약 $5{\~}9{\%}$의 성능 전력${\cdot}$비용 향상을 가져옴을 확인할 수 있었다.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2005

Liquid pressure amplifiers have been proposed as an energy saving technology for vapor compression refrigeration systems configured with direct-expansion evaporators. The technology utilizes a refrigerant pump in the high pressure liquid line as a means of maintaining a suitable pressure differential across the expansion valve while lowering condensing pressure to achieve the reduction of compressor energy consumption. Applications have been proposed on systems ranging from small unitary air-conditioning to large supermarket and commercial refrigeration systems. This paper clarifies the role of such a device in a vapor compression refrigeration system. Limitations are presented and discussed. Finally, results of detailed analyses are presented to quantify the energy consumption both with and without a liquid pressure amplifier in a unitary air conditioning system. The estimated energy savings associated with the installation of a liquid pressure amplifier are minimal.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.83-99
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• 2013

This research is a follow-up study about analysis on the many different customer groups and their various culture trend, which intends to realize diverse values depending on the sense. The purpose of this study was to develop direction forecast for the future fashion industry through consideration about the characteristics of contemporary fashion industry by the change of different customer's culture trend. And also try to find solution to survival strategy of fashion fields able to evolve with customer. Change of the customer's cultural trend draws a shift in policy in the 21st fashion industry as follows : 1) mash-up 2) complexation through decentering and blurring 3) invisible and immaterial value oriented 4) expansion of minor small market. Moreover, this shows sociocultural meaning as follows. First is spread of flexible and horizontal relationship through collaborative consumption and collaboration. Second is concentration on floating and indeterminate chance through dismantling of various different fashion categories. Third is formation of the permanent difference by selection and focus. Last is expansion of understanding about cultural-ecology. Customer cultural trend is 'meme' of cultural gene in fashion field, so it intends to co-evolute with customer by continuous change.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.56-62
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• 2016

Although the production of chestnut in Korea is the second largest in the world, domestic consumption of chestnut is very limited. Furthermore, consumption of chestnut in Korea is highly dependent on export to Japan and China. Large amount of chestnut in Korea have been deteriorated and discarded during storage. In order to increase the consumption of chestnut in Korea, it is necessary to know the processing properties of chestnut and its starch. Additionally, through the various investigations such as modification treatment, it will be extended to utilization of chestnut. So far, there is a little information on the processing properties of chestnut; therefore, the expansion of research will bring results to increase the consumption of chestnut.