• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.135-142
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• 2015

Purpose - Following the speedy development of the smart phone industry, tourism companies started to increase their brand recognition and sales volume by adopting mobile applications. However, applications for tourism industries are still insignificant. This study tries to analyze empirical evidence from Korean and Chinese consumers who have used mobile tour applications. By using an expansion of the technology acceptance model (TAM), this study will find what factors have effects on user intention for mobile tour applications. The findings will be helpful for the development of mobile tour applications and the tourism industries. Research design, data, and methodology - This study uses the TAM, which was presented by Davis in 1989. This study uses consumer acceptance level, consumer choice attitude, and use intention as the basic variables to fit to the TAM, and adopts choice content quality, brand value, and usage motivation as additional variables to analyze. This study has developed several hypotheses and collected data from 620 users who used mobile applications for tourism during April 1 to April 30, 2015. A total of 612 valid questionnaires were collected and used in the data analysis. The data was analyzed with structural equation modeling using SPSS Win/pc and Amos 22.0. Results - The findings can be summarized as follows: First, the content quality affects the consumer acceptance degree and choice attitude. Second, the brand value has a directly positive effect on the consumer acceptance degree and choice attitude. It is clear that the content quality and brand value play important roles in raising consumer acceptance and choice attitude. Third, usage motivation has no effect on the consumer acceptance degree and choice attitude. Fourth, the acceptance degree does not have any effect on the consumer choice attitude. Fifth, the acceptance degree affects the use intention. Last, the consumer choice attitude affects the use intentions. This indicates that consumer acceptance and choice attitude must both be achieved to induce use intention among consumers. Finally, the effects of the mobile tour application content quality and brand value on consumer acceptance degree and choice attitude were confirmed. Additionally, the effects of the consumer acceptance degree and choice attitude on use intentions were analyzed. Conclusion - It is not meaningful for tourism marketing to launch tour applications in the mobile market without understanding tourism consumer characteristics. When developing mobile tour applications, companies should focus on the characters of consumer choice attitudes as high quality, high brand value, usefulness, and ease of mobile tour applications. This study has limitations in that it did not consider negative factors such as perceived risks or analyze whether there are differences between Korean and Chinese consumers. In the future, we will consider equipping the same mobile tour applications commonly used by both Korean and Chinese consumers, and then examine negative factors as well as the differences in mobile tour applications between Korean and Chinese consumers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.235-246
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• 2008

The aims of this study were to identify benefits sought for herbal cosmetics and its significance in influencing consumers' attitude and brand choice. A questionnaire was distributed to 900 women between 20 and 50 years old who had purchased herbal cosmetics from Nov. 6, 2006 to Dec. 15, 2006. SPSS 12.0 package was used for data analysis. Factor analysis, $X^2$-test, frequency, percentage, multiple regression analysis were utilized. The results were as follows: 1. The benefits that consumer was seeking from herbal cosmetics could be classified into 9 dimensions; special function, brand, nutritional reinforcement, economy, scarcity, feeling, fragrance, fashion and skin fitness. 2. All of the above benefits sought except economy and fashion had positive impact on consumers' attitude of herbal cosmetics. 3. There was a correlation between types of benefits sought by consumers and their brand selection.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2016

An extensive body of research on the effects of country-of-origin has emerged in the international marketing and business literature streams. Nonetheless, extant studies do not satisfactorily demonstrate whether and how a foreign firm's choice of market entry mode influences consumers' purchase intentions of its product in country-related affect contexts. Using a survey and an experimental design, we aimed to provide evidence of the effects of the choice on consumers' evaluation and attitude of its product in an animosity context and in a national image context. Through the survey, we collected data regarding consumer animosity, national image, product evaluation, and product attitude from 185 university students and tested the hypotheses that consumer animosity and national image have effects on foreign product evaluation and attitude. The results of the survey research show that personal animosity has a negative effect on consumers' evaluation of foreign products and that a country's image regarding economics has positive effects on consumers' attitude toward foreign products as well as consumers' evaluation of foreign products. In the experimental design, we divided subjects into four groups and exposed them to several descriptions of hypothetical purchase situations. Conducting a 2 (market entry modes)${\times}2$ (country-of-origin) ANOVA, we tested the hypothesis that a market entry mode influences foreign product evaluation and attitude. The results of the experimental study reveal that in a high country-related product association (Germany), market entry modes have insignificant effects on foreign product evaluation and attitude. In addition, in a low country-related product association (China), international partnership has more positive effects on foreign product evaluation and attitude than does exporting.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.297-307
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• 2022

This study examined whether there was a difference in the attitude toward the recommended product and the effect on the choice deferral according to information sources. Experiment 1 examined the relationship between trust in information and product attitude, and between uncertainty and choice deferral according to information sources (AI chatbot vs. human). Experiment 2 examined the impact of social presence, perceived personalization, and choice deferral according to whether anthropomorphism of AI chatbots or not. The research results are as follows. First, consumers were found to have a more positive attitude toward products recommended by AI chatbots (vs. human). Second, consumers were more choice deferral whether to purchase products recommended by AI chatbots (vs. human). Third, it was found that consumers' selection of products recommended by anthropomorphic AI chatbots (vs. impersonated AI chatbots) increased. Also, the implications of this study and future research directions were discussed.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.513-526
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• 2013

In an effort to protect consumers' rights to information and to promote their freedom of choice, the South Korean government has been enforcing a policy called the cosmetics full ingredients list system since 2008, which requires cosmetics manufacturers to list all of the ingredients used in their products. This policy aims to assist consumers in identifying the causes of possible side effects of cosmetic products. This study uses consumers' demographic information addition to their cosmetics purchase and usage characteristics to learn about consumers' attitudes and utilization intentions and the influence of information from the cosmetics full ingredients list. This study was conducted through a questionnaire based survey administered to women above the age of 20 years across South Korea who use cosmetic products. The questionnaire was distributed to 300 members on the panel of M Brain, an online research institute. The findings of this study are as follows: (1) The level of knowledge on cosmetics' ingredients positively affected the consumers' attitude and utilization intention of information on the cosmetics full ingredients list. (2) The higher the utilization intention for information, the more often consumers checked the packaging of goods. This implies that habitual behavior, such as checking information, leads to increasing intention to utilize of new information. (3) The brand, as a decision-making factor, negatively affected consumers' attitudes regarding information.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.298-317
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• 2023

This study is about the attitudes and intentions of consumers considering the usage of O2O application (app) under the COVID-19 situation. By integrating TAM and TPB as a theoretical background, we selected VPC (various product choice) and PII (product information intensity) as new functional external variables that have a positive effect on new system called O2O commerce. We also applied the transaction cost theory to investigate the obstacle of O2O business. We conducted a survey of consumers in large cities in the Korean market. As a result of this study, it was found that the more O2O app users recognized the influence of SN (subject norms), the more useful O2O app was, the more it led to a change in attitude and usage intention was positively significant. In addition, as the O2O app was easy to use and useful, and the SN was recognized, the user's attitude was positive. On the other hand, it was also found that the transaction cost that consumers have to pay had a negative effect on usage intention. Additionally, VPC and PII have been shown to positively influence on usefulness of O2O apps.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.506-512
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• 2011

Due to an overall increase of income, the general standard of living has improved and people have begun to be interested in being more healthy in their lives. This tendency has affected the food market, especially in relation to organic and eco-friendly food. Thus, the overall market size for those products has grown to give more choices to consumers. To examine the effect of the motive for choosing certain food products on the actual attitude and intent to purchase the products, a survey was given to 330 people living in Seoul, which resulted in 235 usable responses. The content of the questionnaire consisted of 18 questions on food choice motives, 3 questions on the attitude toward organic foods and 3 questions on the intention of purchasing for organic foods. The SPSS 12.0 statistics program was used to analyze of following: frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, t-test, one way ANOVA and regression analysis. Five factors of food choice motives were obtained from the analysis: health, convenience, price, familiarity and environmental protection. The regression analysis showed that food choice motive, health and environmental protection factors have a positive relationship with organic food attitudes and organic food attitudes have a positive relationship with the intent to purchase organic food.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.73-92
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• 2009

Consumers influence other consumers' brand choice behavior by delivering a variety of objective or subjective information on a particular product, which is called WOM (Word-Of-Mouth) activities. For WOM activities, WOM senders should choose messages to deliver to other consumers. We classify the contents of the messages a consumer chooses for WOM delivery into two categories: Subjective (positive or negative) evaluation and objective information on products. In our study, we regard WOM senders' activities as a choice behavior and introduce a choice model to study the relationship between the choice of different WOM information (WOM with positive or negative subjective evaluation and WOM with objective information) and its influencing factors (information sources and consumer characteristics) by developing two bivariate Probit models. In order to consider the mediating effects of WOM senders' product involvement, product attitude, and their characteristics (gender and age), we develop three second-level models for the propagation of positive evaluations, of negative evaluations, and of objective information on products in an hierarchical Bayesian modeling framework. Our empirical results show that WOM senders' information choice behavior differs according to the types of information sources. The effects of information sources on WOM activities differ according to the types of WOM messages (subjective evaluation (positive or negative) and objective information). Therefore, our study concludes that WOM activities can be partially managed with effective communication plans influencing on consumers' WOM message choice behavior. The empirical results provide some guidelines for consumers' propagation of information on products companies want.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.6 no.10
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• pp.53-61
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• 2006

Culture, consumers' value and attitude play an important role for global marketing strategy on cross-cultural perspectives. The aim of this research was to investigate how consumer ethnocentrism and cultural affinity affect psychic distance, country image and competitive brand choice. data were collected through personal interview. A total of 234 responses are put to final analysis. The results are as follows: First, cultural affinity play an important role for psychic distance and country image. Second, consumer ethnocentrism has directly affected country image and psychic distance. Finally, country image has affected competitive brand choice, but psychic distance doesn't have affected.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.327-342
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• 2013

The purposes of this study were to explore consumer preference for the types of nutrition label of cereal products and to identify some influencing factors on purchase intention and choice probability of nutrition-labeled products. First, most of the respondents preferred the nutrition fact panel with traffic light-GDA(TL-GDA), while the nutrition fact panel only type and the nutrition fact panel with front-of-package(FOP) type were preferred by few respondents. However, consumers evaluated higher for TL-GDA type and FOP symbol type, while the nutrition fact panel only type was evaluated much lower. Second, consumer preference for label types was partially related with 'eating breakfast' and consumer evaluations of the types of labels for the nutrition fact panel only and the nutrition fact panel with FOP were found to be significantly different by gender. Lastly, both purchase intention and choice probability for nutrition-labeled products were found to be significantly influenced by information search and product attitude. In addition, choice probability was found to be significantly influenced by individual characteristics such as gender and grade. It is necessary to find the relationship between nutrition labels and consumer response as this can help consumers make a better choice of food as well as providing some useful information on consumers to the related parties such as companies and consumer organizations.